超低温用环氧树脂及其碳纤维织物增强复合材料的研究
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摘要
随着超导低温技术的发展以及航空航天领域的需求,复合材料的低温应用越来越广泛。低温用结构、支撑等元件对其低温力学性能有着各种特殊的要求,低温下材料性能会发生较大变化,这使得研究材料的低温力学性能很有必要。
纤维复合材料单层板在纤维方向的强度和刚度较高,而在垂直纤维方向上却很低,而工程实际应用往往以层合板形式出现,细观力学分析因结构的复杂显得较为困难。研究织物复合材料的力学性能是一复杂而具有实际意义的工作。当前,正交铺层复合材料的低温性能研究文献报道较少。论文采用试验方法研究了碳纤维织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的室温和低温力学性能。
本论文开展了如下几方面的研究：
1.从低温环氧树脂体系的工艺性能研究入手,通过DSC热分析、凝胶时间、固化度的分析,确立了配方的固化制度为100℃2h/+130℃/4h+150℃/4h；
2.通过RTM模具设计和工艺参数的分析,确立了适合本配方体系的成型工艺：室温灌注,真空度：-0.08～-0.09MPa,注射压力：0.02-0.03MPa；
3.通过树脂浇注体性能测试得到,新选用的低温用环氧树脂体系浇注体性能较好,室温下拉伸强度99MPa,杨氏模量2.6GPa。
4.通过力学实验研究及分析得到,缝编织物增强复合材料的强度与非经编织物增强的复合材料相比或多或少有所降低,拉伸强度降低达41%,弯曲强度降低达18%；纤维排布方向对复合材料弯曲性能有明显的影响,0/90纤维铺层可以提高材料的弯曲性能(室温下由167MPa增加至530MPa)；碳纤维的表面状态影响界面结合强弱和材料的力学性能,T300环氧复合材料的拉伸强度583.1MPa,弯曲强度505MPa,冲击韧性为95.4KJ/m2。T700复合材料的拉伸强度693.14MPa,弯曲强度530MPa,冲击韧性为281KJ/m2.
5.与室温相比,低温下复合材料的拉伸强度增加,增幅达20%左右。弯曲强度也有所提高。其中,T700单向布正交铺层纤维增强复合材料和方格布增强材料的低温强度较大,分别为1157.80MPa和1168.60MPa。冲击韧性随着温度的降低而下降。本文研究发现,缝编±45°纤维复合材料冲击韧性最佳,室温和低温下分别为347KJ/m2和151.61KJ/m2。通过SEM分析得低温下复合材料的破坏比较严重,且界面脱胶面积大。
6.最后探讨了低温增韧机理,并采用微裂纹理论对界面断裂性能进行研究,利用有限元方法分析,为复合材料的性能预测提供了数据。
With the development of the technology of low temperature superconducting and the demand of aerospace field, composite materials are more and more widely used in low temperature areas. There are all specific requirements for the structure and support about its low temperature mechanical properties. The performance of materials will been quite changed in low temperature, this makes that it is necessary to research on the low temperature mechanical properties.
Unidirectional fiber composite intensity and rigidity is higher in fiber direction, and is very lower in vertical to fiber direction. It is appeared in the form of the laminated plates in the practical application. But there is more complex, changeable and difficult on the analysis of micromechanics structure. Researching on fabric composite material mechanics performance will be a complex and the practical significance job. At present, research on the performance of orthogonal layer of the composite material is still rare in low temperature. The paper will study on mechanical properties of the carbon fiber fabric enhanced epoxy resin composite material in room temperature and low temperature.
Therefore, this paper will carry on the following aspects research:
1. First, research on the process performance of the low temperature epoxy resin system; Second, studying on DSC thermal analysis, gel time, curing degree analysis, we have established the formula for curing system:100℃2h/+130℃/4h+150℃/4h;
2. Analyzing of the RTM mold design and the process parameters, establish the formula of the molding process:Room temperature perfusion, Vacuum degree:0.08-0.09MPa, Injection pressure:0.02-0.03MPa;
3. From the test of resin casting body performance, the novel epoxy resin casting body system has good performances. Tensile strength at room temperature is99MPa, bending strength is2.6GPa;
4. By researching and analyzing the mechanics experimental, we found that the strength of stitched fabric reinforced composites has more or less reduced by comparing with others, the tensile strength has reduced41%, bending strength18%; Fiber arrangement of composite has a significant impact on bending strength,0/90fiber layer can improve the strength of the materials (at room temperature from167MPa to530MPa); Carbon fiber surface bonding strength state have influenced the mechanical properties of materials, the tensile strength of T300epoxy composites is583.1MPa, bending strength is505MPa, Impact toughness is95.4KJ/m. The tensile strength of T700epoxy composites is693.14MPa, bending strength530MPa.T700composites is281KJ/m2.
5. Compared with room temperature, tensile strength at low temperature has increased and the growth rate is about20%. Bending strength has also improved. Among of all, the strength of ChanXiangBu orthogonal layer fiber reinforced materials and T700pane cloth reinforced materials at low temperature is bigger, respectively for1157.80MPa and1168.60MPa. Impact toughness as the temperature decrease. Based on this topic found that (±45°seam fiber composite material impact toughness at room temperature and low temperature is best, respectively for347KJ/m2and151.61KJ/m2. we have also found that composite material damage is severe at low temperature, and interface unglued area is bigger by the SEM images.
6. Finally, the low temperature toughening mechanism is discussed. Micro cracks theory have been adopt to research the interface fracture performance.2D finite element method is used to analysis in order to forecast the performance of composites.
纤维复合材料单层板在纤维方向的强度和刚度较高,而在垂直纤维方向上却很低,而工程实际应用往往以层合板形式出现,细观力学分析因结构的复杂显得较为困难。研究织物复合材料的力学性能是一复杂而具有实际意义的工作。当前,正交铺层复合材料的低温性能研究文献报道较少。论文采用试验方法研究了碳纤维织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的室温和低温力学性能。
本论文开展了如下几方面的研究：
1.从低温环氧树脂体系的工艺性能研究入手,通过DSC热分析、凝胶时间、固化度的分析,确立了配方的固化制度为100℃2h/+130℃/4h+150℃/4h；
2.通过RTM模具设计和工艺参数的分析,确立了适合本配方体系的成型工艺：室温灌注,真空度：-0.08～-0.09MPa,注射压力：0.02-0.03MPa；
3.通过树脂浇注体性能测试得到,新选用的低温用环氧树脂体系浇注体性能较好,室温下拉伸强度99MPa,杨氏模量2.6GPa。
4.通过力学实验研究及分析得到,缝编织物增强复合材料的强度与非经编织物增强的复合材料相比或多或少有所降低,拉伸强度降低达41%,弯曲强度降低达18%；纤维排布方向对复合材料弯曲性能有明显的影响,0/90纤维铺层可以提高材料的弯曲性能(室温下由167MPa增加至530MPa)；碳纤维的表面状态影响界面结合强弱和材料的力学性能,T300环氧复合材料的拉伸强度583.1MPa,弯曲强度505MPa,冲击韧性为95.4KJ/m2。T700复合材料的拉伸强度693.14MPa,弯曲强度530MPa,冲击韧性为281KJ/m2.
5.与室温相比,低温下复合材料的拉伸强度增加,增幅达20%左右。弯曲强度也有所提高。其中,T700单向布正交铺层纤维增强复合材料和方格布增强材料的低温强度较大,分别为1157.80MPa和1168.60MPa。冲击韧性随着温度的降低而下降。本文研究发现,缝编±45°纤维复合材料冲击韧性最佳,室温和低温下分别为347KJ/m2和151.61KJ/m2。通过SEM分析得低温下复合材料的破坏比较严重,且界面脱胶面积大。
6.最后探讨了低温增韧机理,并采用微裂纹理论对界面断裂性能进行研究,利用有限元方法分析,为复合材料的性能预测提供了数据。
With the development of the technology of low temperature superconducting and the demand of aerospace field, composite materials are more and more widely used in low temperature areas. There are all specific requirements for the structure and support about its low temperature mechanical properties. The performance of materials will been quite changed in low temperature, this makes that it is necessary to research on the low temperature mechanical properties.
Unidirectional fiber composite intensity and rigidity is higher in fiber direction, and is very lower in vertical to fiber direction. It is appeared in the form of the laminated plates in the practical application. But there is more complex, changeable and difficult on the analysis of micromechanics structure. Researching on fabric composite material mechanics performance will be a complex and the practical significance job. At present, research on the performance of orthogonal layer of the composite material is still rare in low temperature. The paper will study on mechanical properties of the carbon fiber fabric enhanced epoxy resin composite material in room temperature and low temperature.
Therefore, this paper will carry on the following aspects research:
1. First, research on the process performance of the low temperature epoxy resin system; Second, studying on DSC thermal analysis, gel time, curing degree analysis, we have established the formula for curing system:100℃2h/+130℃/4h+150℃/4h;
2. Analyzing of the RTM mold design and the process parameters, establish the formula of the molding process:Room temperature perfusion, Vacuum degree:0.08-0.09MPa, Injection pressure:0.02-0.03MPa;
3. From the test of resin casting body performance, the novel epoxy resin casting body system has good performances. Tensile strength at room temperature is99MPa, bending strength is2.6GPa;
4. By researching and analyzing the mechanics experimental, we found that the strength of stitched fabric reinforced composites has more or less reduced by comparing with others, the tensile strength has reduced41%, bending strength18%; Fiber arrangement of composite has a significant impact on bending strength,0/90fiber layer can improve the strength of the materials (at room temperature from167MPa to530MPa); Carbon fiber surface bonding strength state have influenced the mechanical properties of materials, the tensile strength of T300epoxy composites is583.1MPa, bending strength is505MPa, Impact toughness is95.4KJ/m. The tensile strength of T700epoxy composites is693.14MPa, bending strength530MPa.T700composites is281KJ/m2.
5. Compared with room temperature, tensile strength at low temperature has increased and the growth rate is about20%. Bending strength has also improved. Among of all, the strength of ChanXiangBu orthogonal layer fiber reinforced materials and T700pane cloth reinforced materials at low temperature is bigger, respectively for1157.80MPa and1168.60MPa. Impact toughness as the temperature decrease. Based on this topic found that (±45°seam fiber composite material impact toughness at room temperature and low temperature is best, respectively for347KJ/m2and151.61KJ/m2. we have also found that composite material damage is severe at low temperature, and interface unglued area is bigger by the SEM images.
6. Finally, the low temperature toughening mechanism is discussed. Micro cracks theory have been adopt to research the interface fracture performance.2D finite element method is used to analysis in order to forecast the performance of composites.
引文
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