露井联采逆倾边坡岩移规律及稳态分析研究
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摘要
露井联采是最大限度回收矿产资源的有效方式。但由于受到两种采动效应影响,露井联采边坡岩体的变形规律及稳定性问题显得更加复杂和突出。如何科学评价该种条件下边坡的稳定性,掌握岩体的变形、破坏及位移特征,制定有效的边坡控制措施,已成为采矿工程亟待解决的技术和安全问题。本文以平庄西露天矿顶帮边坡为研究背景,综合应用现场调研、理论分析、相似材料模拟试验、数值模拟、地表位移监测及数理统计等方法和手段,针对露井联采逆倾边坡岩移规律及稳定性等问题展开了一系列研究。
对露天矿边坡稳定性的影响因素进行了归纳和总结,阐述了露井联采逆倾边坡的变形机理,研究了地下开采对边坡破坏模式及稳定性的影响,提出了露井联采边坡破坏类型以及受地下开采影响时的边坡稳定性计算方法;系统分析了平庄西露天矿顶帮边坡的工程地质特征,探讨了地质因素对边坡稳定性的影响,确定了边坡的潜在滑坡模式;通过相似材料模拟试验,揭示了露井联采不同阶段井采空间上覆岩层的变形破坏特征和地表下沉特征,分析了地下开采对露天矿边坡变形的影响;应用极限平衡法和数值模拟,对比分析了单一露天开采和露井联采条件下逆倾边坡稳定性,阐明了两种条件下边坡失稳过程中的变形破坏特征、位移特征及应力分布特征,分析了露井联采边坡稳定性下降的原因;通过分析边坡变形过程中的位移-时间特征,提出了边坡稳态判断的依据,通过整理分析地表位移监测数据,分析了边坡的变形规律及其主要影响因素,提出了露井联采逆倾边坡存在上升域和下沉域2个变形域,圈定了地下开采对边坡的影响范围,同时判定了边坡的稳定性态和相对不稳定区域;基于假设检验原理,应用分布形态检验方法分析了边坡处于不同变形阶段时位移速度及位移加速度变量的分布特性,首次提出了边坡临滑时刻的动态识别方法,可提高滑坡预警的可靠性。
Combined surface and underground mining is a kind of valid way to maximize the recovery mineral resources. However, influenced by the two kinds of mining, the problems on the deformation rules and the stability of the slope under this condition become more complex and outstanding. How to evaluate the stability of the slopes under such condition, master the deformation, failure and displacement characters of the rock mass and set up the effective control methods has became the technical and security issues demanding prompt solution for the mining engineering. In this thesis, based on the top slope of Pingzhuang Western Surface Mine, the rock movement rule of the slope under combined surface and underground mining is studied with the combination of field research, theoretical analysis, similarity simulation test, numerical simulation, monitoring of surface displacement and hypothesis testing, then such conclusions and results are gained as follows:
The affecting factors of slope stability in the surface mines are summarized, the deformation mechanisms of the slope under combined surface and underground mining are set forth, the effects of the underground mining on the slope of surface mines are analyzed, the failure types of the slope under combined surface and underground mining are put forward and the computing method for the stability of slopes under the influence of underground mining. The engineering geology characteristics of the top slope of Pingzhuang Western Surface Mine are analyzed systematically, the effects of the geological factor on it are discussed and the potential landslide mode of the slope is determined. With the similarity simulation test, the deformation and failure characteristics of the strata over the undergroud mining area and the subsidence characteristics of the land surface at different times are revealed and the influence of undergroud mining on the slope of surface mines is analyzed. The stability of counter-tilt slope under simple surface mining and it under combined surface and underground mining is analyzed respectively, the deformation, failure, displacement and stress distribution characteristics of the slope are expounded and the reason of the decrease stability the slope under combined surface and underground mining is analyzed. By analysis of the displacement-time characteristics in the process of the slope deformation, the basis to judge the slope stability is put forward. By reorganization analysis of the monitoring data of surface displacement, the main affecting factors of the slope deformation, such two deformed regions in the counter-tilt slope under combined surface and underground mining are put forward as the rising region and the subsidence region, the range influenced by the underground mining is selected and the present stability and relatively instable area of the slope. Based on the principles of hypothesis testing, the distribution characteristics of displacement velocity and acceleration at different times of the slope deformation are analyzed by the distribution configuration testing, then a new method that can dynamicly draw the impending landslide moment is brought up, which can promote the reliability of the early warning of landslides.
对露天矿边坡稳定性的影响因素进行了归纳和总结,阐述了露井联采逆倾边坡的变形机理,研究了地下开采对边坡破坏模式及稳定性的影响,提出了露井联采边坡破坏类型以及受地下开采影响时的边坡稳定性计算方法;系统分析了平庄西露天矿顶帮边坡的工程地质特征,探讨了地质因素对边坡稳定性的影响,确定了边坡的潜在滑坡模式;通过相似材料模拟试验,揭示了露井联采不同阶段井采空间上覆岩层的变形破坏特征和地表下沉特征,分析了地下开采对露天矿边坡变形的影响;应用极限平衡法和数值模拟,对比分析了单一露天开采和露井联采条件下逆倾边坡稳定性,阐明了两种条件下边坡失稳过程中的变形破坏特征、位移特征及应力分布特征,分析了露井联采边坡稳定性下降的原因;通过分析边坡变形过程中的位移-时间特征,提出了边坡稳态判断的依据,通过整理分析地表位移监测数据,分析了边坡的变形规律及其主要影响因素,提出了露井联采逆倾边坡存在上升域和下沉域2个变形域,圈定了地下开采对边坡的影响范围,同时判定了边坡的稳定性态和相对不稳定区域;基于假设检验原理,应用分布形态检验方法分析了边坡处于不同变形阶段时位移速度及位移加速度变量的分布特性,首次提出了边坡临滑时刻的动态识别方法,可提高滑坡预警的可靠性。
Combined surface and underground mining is a kind of valid way to maximize the recovery mineral resources. However, influenced by the two kinds of mining, the problems on the deformation rules and the stability of the slope under this condition become more complex and outstanding. How to evaluate the stability of the slopes under such condition, master the deformation, failure and displacement characters of the rock mass and set up the effective control methods has became the technical and security issues demanding prompt solution for the mining engineering. In this thesis, based on the top slope of Pingzhuang Western Surface Mine, the rock movement rule of the slope under combined surface and underground mining is studied with the combination of field research, theoretical analysis, similarity simulation test, numerical simulation, monitoring of surface displacement and hypothesis testing, then such conclusions and results are gained as follows:
The affecting factors of slope stability in the surface mines are summarized, the deformation mechanisms of the slope under combined surface and underground mining are set forth, the effects of the underground mining on the slope of surface mines are analyzed, the failure types of the slope under combined surface and underground mining are put forward and the computing method for the stability of slopes under the influence of underground mining. The engineering geology characteristics of the top slope of Pingzhuang Western Surface Mine are analyzed systematically, the effects of the geological factor on it are discussed and the potential landslide mode of the slope is determined. With the similarity simulation test, the deformation and failure characteristics of the strata over the undergroud mining area and the subsidence characteristics of the land surface at different times are revealed and the influence of undergroud mining on the slope of surface mines is analyzed. The stability of counter-tilt slope under simple surface mining and it under combined surface and underground mining is analyzed respectively, the deformation, failure, displacement and stress distribution characteristics of the slope are expounded and the reason of the decrease stability the slope under combined surface and underground mining is analyzed. By analysis of the displacement-time characteristics in the process of the slope deformation, the basis to judge the slope stability is put forward. By reorganization analysis of the monitoring data of surface displacement, the main affecting factors of the slope deformation, such two deformed regions in the counter-tilt slope under combined surface and underground mining are put forward as the rising region and the subsidence region, the range influenced by the underground mining is selected and the present stability and relatively instable area of the slope. Based on the principles of hypothesis testing, the distribution characteristics of displacement velocity and acceleration at different times of the slope deformation are analyzed by the distribution configuration testing, then a new method that can dynamicly draw the impending landslide moment is brought up, which can promote the reliability of the early warning of landslides.
引文
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