维希法国远东政策研究
摘要
1940年6月法国的溃败,促成了法国近现代史上第一个傀儡政权——维希法国的诞生。这一政权因其对德合作及极端保守的施政纲领而成为了法国历史中不可抹去的污点。而在远东地区,法属印度支那在二战期间也几乎沿袭了其在欧洲的道路,只不过日本取代了德国的角色,成为了后者在远东地区合作的对象。当然,我们也应看到维希法国政府内部的冲突和矛盾,导致其在面对中日之时所出现的政策分歧。这些构成了维希法国远东政策的主要内容,也是本文所要阐述的主要问题。
本文主要分六章。第一章探讨的重点是战前法国的远东政策。维希法国的远东政策基本延续了第三共和国时期的方针政策,因此了解战前的法属印度支那社会和中、法、日三国之间的关系,对于更好地理解维希法国在此问题上的决策缘由有着至关重要的作用。
第二章主要论述日本南进策略的形成及其对维希法国远东政策的影响。在德国战胜法国之后,日本希望抓住这一有利机会,趁机南进,扩大战果,而印度支那无疑成了日本南进路上首先必须要解决的问题。然而由于日本此时对英美尚存顾虑,因此试图以和平谈判的方式达到其目的。在中日法三方的互相角逐中,日本最终占据了主动,与维希法国签订了《西原—马尔丁协定》,迈出了南进的第一步。这一时期维希法国的远东政策从与中国的合作走向猜疑,而迫于日本的压力,其对日合作之心也渐趋显露。
第三章的主轴为维希法国远东政策对太平洋战争爆发之影响。在这一时期,中日法三国的关系逐渐复杂化,中国与维希法国之间的关系由猜疑进一步向对抗转变。而维希法国之对日政策则自妥协走向全面合作,并最终与日本签订了《达尔朗—加藤协定》,使得日本驻军印度支那合法化。这一举动极大地刺激了美国,促使其对日本全面禁运,而双方谈判的决裂也最终引发了太平洋战争。
第四章主要探讨太平洋战争时期维希法国对华政策。这一时期维希法国面临着新的困境。日本再次对维希法国提出新的要求,维希法国面临压力最终又一次屈服。由于废约运动而引起的法国在华利益之得失问题,使得维希法国的对华政策出现了错位。维希政府在此一时期游走于重庆与南京两政府之间,然而国民政府最终还是在维希法国正式承认汪伪政权后与之彻底决裂。
第五章是对日法战时合作的一个总结,日法合作是太平洋战争时期维希法国远东政策的一个核心所在。日法在战时的合作与法德合作在各方面都极为相似。维希法国同样是在受到武力压迫之下被迫与日德合作,日德同样要求维希法国在经济方面全力支持其战争经济。尽管战后维希派极力否认法国在印度支那与日本之间的合作关系,但印度支那在太平洋战争时期对日本作战之积极影响显然已是事实。最终,维希法国也不得不为其妥协政策付出惨痛的代价。
第六章为文章的结尾,主要探讨维希法国远东政策对印度支那社会的影响。口本的占领对印度支那人民造成了巨大的损害。然而也正是二战为印度支那提供了一个走向独立的机会,使印支各地区能够借助中美的支持在战时稳固发展,并在战后最终走上抗法独立的道路,从而导致了第一次印度支那战争的爆发。
June1940the defeat of France led to the birth of a puppet regime in the history of France-Vichy France. For its cooperation with Germany and the extreme conservative policy agenda It could never erase these stains from French history. In the Far East, French Indochina during World War Ⅱ almost followed the same road in Europe, only that Japan had replaced the role of Germany as the object of regional cooperation of Vichy France in the Far East. Of course, we should also see the conflicts and contradictions within the government, which engendered the diffrentiations in the making of the far-eastern policy of Vichy.The main contents of this paper is to elaborate this main problem.
This article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is full of "prelude" to discuss the focus of pre-war French Far Eastern policy, the basic policy of Vichy France continues that of the Third Republic, thus knowing the pre-war society in French Indochina, and the the relationship between France, Japan and China has a crucial effect on understanding of the decision making of Vichy France in this respect.
The second chapter discusses the formation of the Japanese southward advance policy and its impact on Far-eastern policy of Vichy France. After the German victory over France, Japan hoped to seize this favorable opportunity to move southward, and Indo-China has undoubtedly become the first obstacle in the southward movement of Japan. However, due to the surviving British and American concerns about Japan at this time, so try to peaceful negotiations to achieve its purpose, in the three Sino-Japanese method of mutual competition, the Japanese finally take the initiative, and signed a "Nishihara-Martin Agreement " with Vichy France Thus japan paced the first step toward the south.During this period, the Far East policy of Vichy France with China went from cooperation to suspicion, and out of Japanese pressure, the heart of its cooperation with Japan has become increasingly exposed.
The spindle of chapter III is about the role of Indochina in the outbreak of Pacific War. During this period, the relationship between Japan and France became more complex, the relationship between Vichy France and China changed from suspicion to a further confrontation, meanwhile the the policy of Vichy toward japan derive from compromise to cooperate. Finally with the "Darlan-Kato Agreement", make the Japanese occupation in Indochina legalized, a move that has greatly stimulated the United States, to promote its comprehensive embargo on Japan, but also eventually break the negotiations which led to the breakout of Pacific War.
The fourth chapter is about the policy of Vichy during the Pacific War toward China. During this period, Vichy faced new difficulties. Japan once again submitted the new demands to Vichy France.tha latter again yield under pressure. Movement caused by the denunciation of the French interests in China is the issue of gains and losses, making the Vichy French policy toward China appears misplaced. Vichy gouverment shaked between Chongqing and Nanjing governments, but the recognition of Wang regime by Vichy of the fact resulted a clean break with Chongqing Gouverment.
The fifth chapter is a summary of wartime franco-nippon cooperation during the Pacific War, the core of the Far East policy of Vichy, franco-nippon cooperation is similar with the Franco-German cooperation in all respects, Both coorparation under military oppression with Japan and Germany. Vichy France also requires the full support of the war economy, despite Vichistes evade the French's responsability in Indochina for his cooperative attitude toward Japan, but it's the reality that Vichy helped a lot in the process of Pacific war for Japan, But Vichy France had to pay a painful price for his compromising policy
Chapter VI is the end of the article, which focused on the effect of Far East policy of Vichy toward Indo-China Society. Japan's occupation of Indochina caused enormous damage to indochinese,but her failure also provided an independent opportunity for Indochinese.It was under the support of U.S. and China that the development of the nationalist movement growed up in time of war, and finally after the war they went onto the road of independence against France, which led to the outbreak of the First Indochina War. Vichy France's Far East policy had undoubtedly numerous consequences in this period.
本文主要分六章。第一章探讨的重点是战前法国的远东政策。维希法国的远东政策基本延续了第三共和国时期的方针政策,因此了解战前的法属印度支那社会和中、法、日三国之间的关系,对于更好地理解维希法国在此问题上的决策缘由有着至关重要的作用。
第二章主要论述日本南进策略的形成及其对维希法国远东政策的影响。在德国战胜法国之后,日本希望抓住这一有利机会,趁机南进,扩大战果,而印度支那无疑成了日本南进路上首先必须要解决的问题。然而由于日本此时对英美尚存顾虑,因此试图以和平谈判的方式达到其目的。在中日法三方的互相角逐中,日本最终占据了主动,与维希法国签订了《西原—马尔丁协定》,迈出了南进的第一步。这一时期维希法国的远东政策从与中国的合作走向猜疑,而迫于日本的压力,其对日合作之心也渐趋显露。
第三章的主轴为维希法国远东政策对太平洋战争爆发之影响。在这一时期,中日法三国的关系逐渐复杂化,中国与维希法国之间的关系由猜疑进一步向对抗转变。而维希法国之对日政策则自妥协走向全面合作,并最终与日本签订了《达尔朗—加藤协定》,使得日本驻军印度支那合法化。这一举动极大地刺激了美国,促使其对日本全面禁运,而双方谈判的决裂也最终引发了太平洋战争。
第四章主要探讨太平洋战争时期维希法国对华政策。这一时期维希法国面临着新的困境。日本再次对维希法国提出新的要求,维希法国面临压力最终又一次屈服。由于废约运动而引起的法国在华利益之得失问题,使得维希法国的对华政策出现了错位。维希政府在此一时期游走于重庆与南京两政府之间,然而国民政府最终还是在维希法国正式承认汪伪政权后与之彻底决裂。
第五章是对日法战时合作的一个总结,日法合作是太平洋战争时期维希法国远东政策的一个核心所在。日法在战时的合作与法德合作在各方面都极为相似。维希法国同样是在受到武力压迫之下被迫与日德合作,日德同样要求维希法国在经济方面全力支持其战争经济。尽管战后维希派极力否认法国在印度支那与日本之间的合作关系,但印度支那在太平洋战争时期对日本作战之积极影响显然已是事实。最终,维希法国也不得不为其妥协政策付出惨痛的代价。
第六章为文章的结尾,主要探讨维希法国远东政策对印度支那社会的影响。口本的占领对印度支那人民造成了巨大的损害。然而也正是二战为印度支那提供了一个走向独立的机会,使印支各地区能够借助中美的支持在战时稳固发展,并在战后最终走上抗法独立的道路,从而导致了第一次印度支那战争的爆发。
June1940the defeat of France led to the birth of a puppet regime in the history of France-Vichy France. For its cooperation with Germany and the extreme conservative policy agenda It could never erase these stains from French history. In the Far East, French Indochina during World War Ⅱ almost followed the same road in Europe, only that Japan had replaced the role of Germany as the object of regional cooperation of Vichy France in the Far East. Of course, we should also see the conflicts and contradictions within the government, which engendered the diffrentiations in the making of the far-eastern policy of Vichy.The main contents of this paper is to elaborate this main problem.
This article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is full of "prelude" to discuss the focus of pre-war French Far Eastern policy, the basic policy of Vichy France continues that of the Third Republic, thus knowing the pre-war society in French Indochina, and the the relationship between France, Japan and China has a crucial effect on understanding of the decision making of Vichy France in this respect.
The second chapter discusses the formation of the Japanese southward advance policy and its impact on Far-eastern policy of Vichy France. After the German victory over France, Japan hoped to seize this favorable opportunity to move southward, and Indo-China has undoubtedly become the first obstacle in the southward movement of Japan. However, due to the surviving British and American concerns about Japan at this time, so try to peaceful negotiations to achieve its purpose, in the three Sino-Japanese method of mutual competition, the Japanese finally take the initiative, and signed a "Nishihara-Martin Agreement " with Vichy France Thus japan paced the first step toward the south.During this period, the Far East policy of Vichy France with China went from cooperation to suspicion, and out of Japanese pressure, the heart of its cooperation with Japan has become increasingly exposed.
The spindle of chapter III is about the role of Indochina in the outbreak of Pacific War. During this period, the relationship between Japan and France became more complex, the relationship between Vichy France and China changed from suspicion to a further confrontation, meanwhile the the policy of Vichy toward japan derive from compromise to cooperate. Finally with the "Darlan-Kato Agreement", make the Japanese occupation in Indochina legalized, a move that has greatly stimulated the United States, to promote its comprehensive embargo on Japan, but also eventually break the negotiations which led to the breakout of Pacific War.
The fourth chapter is about the policy of Vichy during the Pacific War toward China. During this period, Vichy faced new difficulties. Japan once again submitted the new demands to Vichy France.tha latter again yield under pressure. Movement caused by the denunciation of the French interests in China is the issue of gains and losses, making the Vichy French policy toward China appears misplaced. Vichy gouverment shaked between Chongqing and Nanjing governments, but the recognition of Wang regime by Vichy of the fact resulted a clean break with Chongqing Gouverment.
The fifth chapter is a summary of wartime franco-nippon cooperation during the Pacific War, the core of the Far East policy of Vichy, franco-nippon cooperation is similar with the Franco-German cooperation in all respects, Both coorparation under military oppression with Japan and Germany. Vichy France also requires the full support of the war economy, despite Vichistes evade the French's responsability in Indochina for his cooperative attitude toward Japan, but it's the reality that Vichy helped a lot in the process of Pacific war for Japan, But Vichy France had to pay a painful price for his compromising policy
Chapter VI is the end of the article, which focused on the effect of Far East policy of Vichy toward Indo-China Society. Japan's occupation of Indochina caused enormous damage to indochinese,but her failure also provided an independent opportunity for Indochinese.It was under the support of U.S. and China that the development of the nationalist movement growed up in time of war, and finally after the war they went onto the road of independence against France, which led to the outbreak of the First Indochina War. Vichy France's Far East policy had undoubtedly numerous consequences in this period.
引文
1 Paul H. Kratoska, South East Asia, colonial history, Volume 3.Routledge,2001,p.330.
2 Ibid,p.316.
3Ibid,p.220.
4 Thomas Edson Ennis, French policy and developments in Indochina, Russell & Russell,1973, p.131.
5 Paul H. Kratoska. South East Asia, colonial history. Volume 3,Routledge,2001. p.333-34.
6 Abderrahmane Benabi, Les francais. les japonais, et le movement national de Vietnam (1940-1945), Paris 1, 1989. p.34.
7 Virginia Thompson, Indo-China—France's Great Stake in the. Far East. Far Eastern Survev. Vol 6. No 2 (20. Jan.1937)p.19.
8 Paul H. Kratoska. South East Asia, colonial history. Volume 3.Routledge.200, p.327.
9 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichvface a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.19
101876年,中英签订《烟台条约》,北海被辟为通商口岸,中法战争之后,法国在北海设立了领事馆、商行,同一时期又在越南海防地区建立商行。
11石立民：《1885-1949年桂越边境贸易的发展》,《东南亚纵横》1996年第二期.第5页。
12石立民：《1885-1949年桂越边境贸易的发展》,《东南亚纵横》1996年第二期第5页,其中鸦片贸易是主因之一。
13按照中法间的协议,对汛口原各设立九个,后各增二个,共计二十二个,其中平孟与朔江口岸是贸易较为繁荣的一对汛口,而那梨与那铄等三对汛口则多以鸦片贸易为主。
14石立民《1885-1949年桂越边境贸易的发展》《东南亚纵横》1996年第二期,第7页。
15李硅主编：《云南近代经济史》,云南民族出版社,1995,第225页。
16周钊,岳：《新纂云南通志》卷144,商业考二,转引自赵铨：《外国资本在近代云南的投资》,载《云南财贸学院学报》1998年第4期第59页。
17不过根据田永秀所著《法国在华经济势力之全貌》一书,作者认为法国在华投资额大概为130亿,远少于梅西尔的推算,这也许是他未把银行资产算作在内,但两者同样说明了法国在华经济利益的重要程度。
18 Kluger, Delphine, Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.Memoire de Maitrise. Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.1988, p.15.
22《福泽谕吉全集》第10卷,第72-80页,转引自张振鹍：“中日甲午战争与东亚”,《抗日战争研究》,1995年第1期,第31页。
24同上,第22页。
25同上,第25页
26同上,第41页
27同上,第22页。
28 France. Commission de publication des documents diplomatiques francais, Documents Diplomatiques Francois (下略称D.D.F),1932-1939, Serie I. Vol I:1932-1935, Paris. Impr. nationale,1990.p.277.
29John.F. Laffey. French far eastern policy in the 1930s Modern Asian Studies. Vol 23. No.11989 p.120.
30 D.D.F,1932-1939. Serie Ⅰ 1932-1935. Vol Ⅱ. pp.22-23.
31 Kluger, Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.Memoire de Maitrise, Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.1988. p.30.
32 Kluger, Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.Memoire de Maitrise, Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.1988,p.31.
33 D.D.F,1932-1939. Serie Ⅰ 1932-1935, Vol Ⅱ,p.145.
34D.D.F,1932-1939,Serie Ⅰ 1932.1935.Vol Ⅶ,p.713.
35D.D.F,1932-1939,Serie Ⅱ 1936-1939,Vol Ⅱ,pp.22-23.
36 D.D.F,1932-1939, Serie Ⅱ 1936-1939. Vol Ⅸ, p.451.
37 John.F. Laffey.French far eastern policy in the 1930s.Modern Asian Studies, Vol 23.No.1 1989,p.136.
40 Kluger, Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.These de doctorat, Universite Panthe
38 Ibid.p.136.
39 Ibid.p.136. on-Sorbonne.1988. p.41.
41 Kluger. Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.These de doctorat. Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.1988.. p.45.
42 Ibid, pp.49-50.
43 Ibid, p.51.
44 D.D.F,1932-1939, Serie Ⅱ 1936-1939, Vol ⅩⅥ, p.880.
45Abderrahmane Benabi, Les francais Jesjaponais et le mouvement national vietnamien (1940-1945), Paris 1, 1989.p.76.
46 D.D.F.1932-1939, Serie Ⅱ 1936-1939. Vol ⅩⅥ. p.891.
47 Kluger. Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.These de doctorat, Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.19884.p.62.
48鲜于浩：《中法关系史稿》,西南交通大学出版社,2003年,第231页。
49丁守和主编：《辛亥革命时期期刊介绍》第2辑,人民出版社,北京,1982,第381-382页。
50[美]杰·巴洛：《1900至1908年孙中山与法国人》,《辛亥革命史丛刊》第6辑北京,中华书局,1986,第234-244页。
51(美)韦慕延著,杨慎之译：《孙中山——壮志末酬的爱国者》,新星出版社2006,第65页。
52鲜于浩：《中法关系史稿》, 西南交通大学出版社,2003年,第240页。
53 D.D.F.1932-1939.Serie I. Tome IV. Pp.12-14.
54 Christophe Babinet. L' Indoclune dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944, These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980. Paris, p.101.
55 Ibid. p.102.
56 Ibid, p.109.
57 Christophe Babinet. L'Indochine dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944, These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980, p.111.
58 Henri Jaquin. Guerre secrete en Indochine.. Olivier Orban 1979, Paris, p.34.
59 Christophe Babinet, L'Indochine dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944, These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980. Paris, p.113.
60 Salan, Memoires. Tome I (Le;sens d'un engagement). Presses de la Cite, Paris,1970, pp.58-59.
61[法]玛丽安娜·巴斯蒂：《19-20世纪的法中关系：发展动力和特性》,收录于李宏图主编：《法国史研究 的新视野》,长沙：湖南人民出版社,2005,第224页。
6262《昆明至海防及昆明至仰光每吨货运价目比较表》(1939),行政院水陆运输联合委员会档案,未刊原件,云南省档案馆,85-4-12-12/25。转引自刘卫东：《抗战前期国民政府对印支通道的经营》,《近代史研究》1998年05期,第127页。
63刘卫东：《抗战前期国民政府对印支通道的经营》,《近代史研究》1998年05期,第130页。
64王洪典：《西南公路之分等问题》,《抗战与交通》,第63期,1941年5月,第56页.
65 Virginia Thompson. "Indo-China in Suspended. Animation," Far Eastern Survey, Aug.14.1940. Vol 9, No 17,p.196.
66 Abderrahmane Benabi, Les francais, les japonais, et le movement national de Vietnam (1940-1945). Paris 1, 1989,p.20.
67 Abderrahmane Benabi,Les francais. les iaponais. et le movement national I' ietnam(1940-1945).Paris.1
68 Virginia Thompson, "Indo-China in Suspended. Animation," Far Eastern Survey, Aug.14,1940, Vol 9, No 1989.p.21. 17.P.196.
69 Ibid, p.200.
70 Ibid, p.199.
711940年7月3日,英国单方面采取行动,击沉或扣押法国停泊在该港口及其他英国境内港口的法国舰队船只。
72 Jean Baillou. Charles Lucet, Jacques VimontLes. Les affaires etrangeres et le Corps Diplomatique Francois: De VAncien Regime au Second Empire.1870-1980.Ed. du CNRS.1984, p.543.
73 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan,1995 p.39.
74 J. Guillermaz. Une vie nour la Chine. Memoires 1937-1989 Park Laffontt 1989p28 De I' Ancien Regime au Second Empire.1870-1980.Ed. du CNRS.1984, p.551.
75 Jean Baillou. Charles Lucet. Jacques VimontLes, Les affaires etrangeres et le Corps Diplomatique Francois:
10 Merrier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.49.
77 R.Trinquier. Le temps perdu, Paris, Albin Michel,1978, p.83.
78 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions THannattan,1995 p.50.
79 A.Gaudel.I Indochine francaise en face du Japon, Paris. Susse,1947. p.33.
80 C.Hesse d'Alzon. La presence militaire frangaise en lndochine,1940-1945. Vincennes, publication du SHAT 1985 p.46.
81中国军事科学院编著,《第二次世界大战史》,军事科学院出版社,1995年,第一卷,第577页。
82 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers.1940, Vol. Ⅳ. Washington:Government Printing Office.1956, p.30.
83 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonie,24/06/1940.AN 3W150.
84 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonie,24/06/1940.AN 3W150
85 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonie,24/06/1940.AN 3W150.
86 Decoux,Jean, A la barre de l' Indochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general,1940-1945,Paris: Plon.1949. p.66.
87 Tel n.1689-1698. Ministere de Colonie a Catroux,24/06/1940.AN 3W150.
88 Mercier, Fabienne. Vichv face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diDlomatiaue. Paris:Editions 1'Harmartan p,68.
89 Tel n.1721-1725. Catroux a Ministere de Colonie.24/06/1940,AN3W150.
90 Tel n.1721-1725. Catroux a Ministere de Colonie.24/06/1940,AN3W150.
91 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonic.24/06/1940,AN3W150.
92 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonie,24/06/1940.AN3W150. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956, p.49.
93United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940. vol.Ⅳ
94Sachiko Murakami,"Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation. New York University, 1981. p118.
95 Ibid. D.118.
96 United States. DeDartrnent of State. Foreien Relations of the United States. Dinlomatic Paners,1940, vol, IV Washington: Government Printing Office,1956, p.54.
97 Jacques Valette, Indochine 1940-1945. Francais contre Japonais, Paris, SEDES,1995.p.40.
99Tel n.6-12; General Catroux a Ambafrance aJapon,10/07/1940,AN3W150.
100 Takashi Shiraishi, Motoo Furuta. Indochina in the 1940s and 1950s:translation of contemporary Japanese scholarship on Southeast Asia, SEAP Publications,1992, p,28.
101Tel n.2050. General Cato t a General Decoux.02/08/1940,AN3W150.
103 Decoux,Jean, A la barre de I'Indochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general.1940-1945,Paris: Plon. 1949.p.54.
104 Tel n1056. Le general d'armee Buher a Ministere de la Defense.11/07/1940, A.M.A.E, Geurre Vichy-Asie, n.264.
105 Mercier. Fabienne. l' ichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan p.69.
106 Tel n.1860-1867. General Decoux a Ministere dc Colonic,23/07/1940.AN 3W150
108同上,有田致铃木总领事,7月9日电。
109同上,有田致铃木总领事,7月14日电。
110 Mercier, Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan p.70.
111 Decoux,Jean, A la barre de l' lndochine:histoire de mon gouvernement general.1940-1945.Paris:Plon,1949 p.57.
112 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan p.74.
113中国军事科学院编著,《第二次世界大战史》,北京：军事科学院出版社,1995年,第一卷,第577页。
1147月19日的日本对佛印政策中指出：目前我方正向处理中国事变的方向前进。此前佛印比较好地执行了日本关于关闭印支通道的命令。而现在日本所要解决的是与法国尽快订立政治军事协定。同时也要扩大经济协定的范围。现下帝国希望法国能够协力建设东亚新秩序,以从军事上全面摧毁蒋政权因此要全面禁 止其向蒋运送物资。希望印度支那提供军事和经济协助。允许日军使用机场军事基地以及运送武器弹药。若协定中某些问题无法确定,请迅速向政府请示,协定内容请务必不向第三国透露。同时帝国与印度支那在经济关系的紧密化上不能仅仅只限于商品的输入输出,还应该达到资源开放共享,应使我方在获得必要资源方面拥有足够权力。应在各方面展开全力合作以促进印支经济的发展。参考：松岡大臣、アンリ一大使间正式交涉阴始以前ノ经纬/2昭和15年7月14日から昭和15年7月1 9日,外务省外交史料馆亿领印度支那进驻问题(1940年9月4日、日仫印军事协定)第一卷,[ワアレンヌコード]B02030668000,昭和15年7月14日ヘ昭和15年7月19日。
115 Duroselle, Jean Baptiste. Politique exterieure de la France. L'abime.1939-1945, Paris:Impr. nationale.1982. p.253.
116 Charles Roux.Cinq mois tragiques aux affaires etrangeres (21 mai-ler novembre 1940), Paris:Plon,1949. p.250.
117 Charles Roux a Ambassadeur France a Shanghai et Tokyo 01/07/1940, A.M.A.E Vichy-Asie, vol n.124.
118 P.Baudoin Neufmois au gouvernement. Avril-decembre 1940. Paris, La table ronde,1948, p.275.
119 Tel n 85-87, de Baudoin (Vichy)a Henry (Tokyo), aout. A.M.A.E? Papiers Baudoin, Vol n.5.
120 Margaret Esterel Lambert Documents on German foreign policy,1918-1945.H.M.S.O..1983, series D. vol X, june23-aug31.1940. p.5.
121 Margaret Esterel Lambert Documents on German foreign policy.1918-1945.H.M.S.O.,1983, series D, vol X, june23-aug31.1940, p.439:452.
Mercier, Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan.p.77.
123 Note de la sous-direction Asie,13/07/11940. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichv-Asie Papier Baudoin, vol n.5
124 Note de la sous-direction Asie,13/07/11940, A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie Papier Baudoin, vol n.5.
125Instruciton du gouvernent francais a ses postes diplomatique d' extreme orient 01/07/1940, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie, vol 324.
126Aide memoiire Vichy,12/08/1940, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie, vol 324.
127 Aide memoiire Vichy,12/08/1940, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie, vol 324.
128 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan.p.57
129 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers.1940. vol. Ⅳ. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956, p.70.
130 Tel n.1860-1867, General Decoux a Ministere de Colonie annex iv 06/08/1940.AN 3W150.
131 Tel n.1860-1867, General Decoux a Ministere de Colonie annex iv 06/08/1940,AN 3W150..
132 Tel n.1860-1867, General Decoux a Ministere de Colonie annex iv 06/08/1940.AN 3W150.
33 Tel n.1860-1867, General Decoux a Ministere de Colonie annex iv 06/08/1940,AN 3W150.
134 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol. IV, Washington: Government Printing Office,1956, p.80.
135 Jean Chauvel, Commentaire: de l' ienne a Alger (1938-1944), Burning Flags Press,1994, p.235.
136德古向维希政府的报告中称8月11日,中国的一小支正规军越过印支边境,袭击了附近的村庄,造成部分平民的伤亡,尽管8月23日中国驻法大使对此表示强烈谴责,认为是新闻机构的误报,但从后来中法边境持续不断的小规模冲突来看,这一事件未必为假,可以理解为中国政府的一种试探性策略。想要摸清法国方面的底线何在。Sp.25/5455 Memorendum d'Ambassade de Chine a minister des affaires etrangere de Vichy,23/08/1940. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vol n.264.
137顾维钧薯,社会科学院近代史研究所译：《顾维钧回忆录》.北京：中华书局.1986.第四卷.第396页Washington: Government Printing Office,1956, p.71.
138 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ.
139 N.612,Coseme (Shanghai) a Departement (Vichy).26/0811940, A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie voln.264. Washington:Government Printing Office.1956. p.89.
140 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ,
141 Mercier, Fabienne. l' ichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan p.81.
142Sp5495,Memorendum d'Ambassade de Chine 6 minister des affaires etrangere de Vichy,31/0811940, A.M.A.E Guerre,Vol n.264.
143顾维钧著,社会科学院近代史研究所译：《顾维钧回忆录》,北京：中华书局,1986,第四卷,第405页。
144同上,第410页。
145同上,第420页。
146 Decoux,Jean,A la barre de l' Indochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general,1940-1945.Paris: Plon,1949 p.94.
147 Tel n.216 Decoux a Colonies Vichy,31/08/1940, SHAT,10H 81.
148 Mercier, Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.84.
149 Mercier, Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.86.
150 Tel n.116 Paul Baudoin a l' amiral Platon 13/09/1940, A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Asie,Papier Baudoin Vol n.5.
151 Tel n.333 Platon to Decoux 13/09/1940, A.M.A.E. Papier Baudoin Vol n.5.
152 Tel n.37-40. General Decoux 6 Ministere de Colonie.21/09/1940 AN 3W 150.
153 Tel n.5. Ministere de Colonie a General Decoux.02/09/1940 AN 3W 150.
154 F311 Decoux a Ministere de Colonie.11/11/1940. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Tel 674.
155 #12
156顾维钧著,社会科学院近代史研究所译：《顾维钧回忆录》,北京：中华书局,1986第四卷,第423页。
157 Henry Lemery, D'une republique a l' autre, souvenirs de la meleepolitique,1894-1944, Paris la Table ronde; (Mayenne:Impr. Floch),1964, p.253.
158Ibid,p.253.
159 Ibid, p.254.
160《中报》1940年9月24日,社评“越南协定签字之后”
161 Baudoin, Note sur l' Indochine,1943. p.19. (Papier Georges Bidault). AN 3W 150.
165《申报》,1940年9月24日。
Sp.18/5443 aide-memoire d'ambassade de Chine a Paris.10/08/1940. A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Asie. n.264.
167 Tel N410-413.Rochat a ambassade de francais tchong king 27/11/1940.A.M.A.E.Guerre vichy-Asie.V0l n.264.
168 Tel N410.413.ROchat a ambassade de francais tchong king 27/1l/1940,A.M.A.E,Guerre Vichy.Asie.Vol n.264,
169Tel n 172-173, Departement (Vichy) a Cosme (Shanghai),26/06/1941, A.M.A.E, Guerre. Vichy-Etat Francais, Vol n.45.
170详见张发奎：《张发奎将军抗日战争回忆记》香港：蔡国桢发展有限公司,1981,第14页。
171同上,不过这只是笔者的猜测,难以称为定论,但从张的行为来看不能排除此种可能。
172 Incident de frontiere sino-indochinoise.18/11/1940. A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichy-Asie. n.264.
173 Incident de frontiere sino-indochinoise,18/11/1940, A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Asie. n.264.
174 N 435-437.Tchong king (Cosme)a Vichy.04/12/1940, A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichy-Asie, n.264.
175 N 424-428. Tchong king (Cosme) a Vichy.28/11/1940, A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Asie, n.264.
176 N510, Tchong king (Cosme)a Vichy.24/12/1940. A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichy-Asie, n.264.
177 Tel n 230-231, de Gandon a Colonies (Vichy),04/01/1941, A.M.A.E, Guerre, Vichy-Etat francais, vol n.40.
178 Tel n 230-231, de Decoux a Colonies (Vichy),07/05/1941, A.M.A.E. Guerre. Vichy-Etat francais. vol n.44.
179 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique.Vans:Editions l' Hannattan.p.108.
180 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers.1940, vol. Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956, p.79.
181 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol. Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office.1956,p.83.
182 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers.1940. vol. Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.91.
183 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol. Ⅳ. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.98.
184 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1940, vol. IV, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1956.p.l 13.
185 United States, Department of State， Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1940. vol. IV. Washington: Government Printing Office， 1956.p.I22.
186 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States， Diplomatic Papers, 1940, vol. IV, Washington: Government Printing Office， 1956.p. 117.
187 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1940, vol. IV, Washington: Government Printing Office. 1956.pp. 122-123.
188 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1940, vol. IV. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1956.p. 128.
189 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.164.
190 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940. vol.Ⅳ. Washington:Government Printing Office.1956.p164; 166.
191 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.181.
192Charles-Roux Francois, Cinq mois tragiques aux Affaires etrangeres (21 mai-ler novembre 1940). Paris, Plon, 1949. p.266.
193 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ. Washington: Government Printing Office.1956,p.225.
194 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers.1940. vol.Ⅳ. Washington: Government Printing Office.1956,p.118.
195 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers.1940. vol.Ⅳ. Washington: Government Printing Office,1956.p.117.
196 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940. vol.Ⅳ. Washington: Government Printing Office,1956.p.246.
197 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers.1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.1.
198 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office.1956.p.2
199 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.5.
200 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.2.
201 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.2.
202 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.11.
203 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.l2.
204陈兼：《《走向全球战争之路：二次大战起源研究》,上海：学林出版社,1989,第387页。
205同上,第387页。
Mordant (Gal). Au service de la France en Indochine (1941-1945). Saigon. Imprimeries de la France d- Outre-mer,1950. pp.20-21.
208Documents on German foreign policy,1918-1945 Series D.Vol Ⅺ p.832.
209 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.22.
210 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office.1956,pp.34-5.
211 James William Morley, The fateful choice: Japan's advance into southeast Asia.1939-1941 p.277.
212 Tel n.5, Ministere de Colonie a General Decoux,02/04/1941 AN 3W 150.
213 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,pp34-5.
214 Jacques Valette, Indochine 1940-1945. Francais contre Japonais. SEDES; 1993 p.102.
215Ibidp.103.
216Ibid,p.103.
217 Ibid.p103.
218 Teln 1694-1695.Catroux(Hanoi) a Colonies (Bordeaux).24/06/1940.SHAT,10H81.
219Gaudel Andre.L' Indochine frangaise en face du Japan, Paris:J. Susse (impr. de A. Tessier),1947.p.218.
220 Virginia Thompson, Japan-indochina trade pact.Far Eastern Survey, Vol 10. No.10.June 1940. p.117.
221Virginia Thompson. Japan-indochina trade pact.Far Eastern Survey. Vol 10, No.10 June 1940. p.138.
224Fabienne Mercier,Vichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire dipIomatique.Paris:Harmattan,1995,p.122.
2251941年5月28日,德法签订《巴黎协定》,按照约定,法国将提供其在殖民地的部分军用基地以供德军使用,包括中东和非洲等地。作为交换,维希法国希望德国能够降低对法国的剥削,例如削减驻军费等。此和议由达尔朗牵头,贝当也极力支持。
227 Sachiko Murakami. "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation. New York University,1981).p.303.
228 Ibid, p.304.
229 Ibid,p.304.
230 Sachiko Murakami. "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation. New York University,1981),p.305.
231 Ibid.p.310.
232实松让编：《现代史资料35·太平洋战争·2》,第121页,转引自陈兼：《走向全球战争之路：二次大战起源研究》,上海：学林出版社,1989,第385页。
233 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.243.
234 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.246.
235 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.247.
236 Jacques Valette. Indochine 1940-1945. Fran?ais contre Japonais.Paris: SEDES; 1993 p.125.
237 Ibid.p.125.
238 Jean Chauvel. Commentaire: de Vienne a Alger (1938-1944),Burning Flags Press,1994 p.270.
239 Ibid.D.274.
240 Ibid.D.274.
241 Herbert Feis, The road to Pearl Harbor: the coming of the war between the United States and Japan, Princeton University Press.1950. p.229.
242具体内容见本文第5章节。
243《达尔朗—加藤协定》附约中附加了《日法防卫同盟》草案,但此协定仅作为后期合作的参考,未正式生效。
244 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.325.
245 Ibid,p.240.
246 United States. Department of Stale. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.315.
247陈兼：《走向全球战争之路：二次大战起源研究》,上海：学林出版社,1989,第391页。
248 Murakami Sachiko. "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina,1940-1945." PH.D.diss.. NewYork University, 1981 p.343.
249 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.2. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.527.
250 Murakami Sachiko. "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina,1940-1945. "PH.D.diss., NewYork University, 1981 p.355.
251 Paul H. Kratoska.South East Asia, colonial history. Routledge. Volume 4.2001 p.223.
252赫尔：《赫尔回忆录》下卷,纽约,1948年版,第1024-1073页。
253 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.2, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.528.
254 Jacquin, Guerre secrete en Indochina, Paris: Ed. Olivier Orban,1979,pp.110-111.
255 Mercier, Fabienne. l' ichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.139.
256 Accords militaires et techniques imposes a l' indochine francaise par les autorites militaires japonaises, 09/12/1941. SHAT.10H 78.
257 Ibid.
258 Ibid.
259 Claude Boisanger; On pouvait eviter la guerre d' Indochine. Souvenirs 1941-1945. Description Paris,1977, p.55.
260 Tel n.270,Saigon a Colonies Vichy.31/01/1942,AN 3W150.
261 Amiraute Saigon to Amiraute vichy,21/12/1941.AN3W150.
262 Amiraute Saigon to Amiraute vichy; 23/01/1942,AN 3W150.
263 De Haut-Commisaire Hanoi a Colonie Vichv 03/02/1942,AN 3W150.
264 De Haut-Commisaire Hanoi a Colonie Vichy 03/02/1942,AN 3W150.
265 De Haut-Commisaire Hanoi a Colonie Vichy 03/02/1942.AN 3W150.
266 Vichy.Direction Politique Asie.24/03/1942 A.M.A.E.Tel N.29.
267 Tel n 836 de Cosme a Departement 01/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Etat. Vol n.51.
268 Tel n.4-6 de Cosme a Departement 01/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie. Vol n 321 Annexe 11 p.303.
269 Tel n 855 de Cosme a Departement 01/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Etat. Vol n.51.
270 Tel n 836 de Cosme a Departement 01/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Etat, Vol n.51.
271 Tel n 295-297 de Cosme a Departement 13/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.115.
272 Tel n 449-454 de Cosme a Departement 13/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Etat-francais Vol n.54.
273 JeanChauvel, Commentaire: de l' ienne aAlger (1938-1944), Burning Flags Press,1994p.238.
274 Ibid, p.238.
275Ibid, p.266.
276 Raport du Bureau d'etude Chauvel 10/1943. Papiers 1940. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.36.
277 Jean Chauvel, Commentaire: de Vienne a Alger (1938-1944), Burning Flags Press.1994. p.281.
278 Ibid p266.
279 JeanChauvel, Commentaire: de Vienne a Alger (1938-1944), Burning Flags Press.1994.p266.
280 Fabienne Mercier, I' ichyface a Chiang Kai-Shek:histoire diplomatique,Paris:Harmattan.1995 p.151.
281Jean Chauvel.Commentaire: de Vienne a Alger (1938-1944).Burning Flags Press,1994, p301.
282Fabienne Mercier.Vichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomarique.Parls: Harmattan.1995, p.185.
283Ibid.p.184.
284Tel n 235-240, de Shanghai a Departement 24/11/1942. A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Etat francais Vol n.62.
285张振鹃等著：《日本侵华七十年史》,中国社会科学出版社版,1992,第525页。
286同上,第525页。
287 Tel n563-566, de Shanghai a departement 09/12/1942,A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichv-Etat francais Vol n.51.
288 Tel n617-623, de Shanghai a departement 31/12/1942. A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichy-Etat francais Vol n.51.
289 Tel n146, de Shanghai a Departement.12/11/1942, A.M.A.E. Guerre. Vichy-Etat francais, Vol n.62.
290李育民：《中国废约史》,北京,中华书局,2005年,第909页。
291 Fabienne Mercier. Vichc face a Chiang, Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris: Harmattan,1995. p.191.
292 Note de la sous-direction Asie, Departement 28/01/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.30.
293 Note de la sous-direction Asie, Departement 14/01/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.30.
294 Note de la sous-direction Asie. Departement 14/01/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.30
295Note de la sous-direction Asie, Departement 14/01/1943.A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.30
296 Note d' audience. sous-direction Asie. Departement.08/02/1943. A.M.A.E. Guerre. Vichv-Asie. Vol n 321.
297 Tel n 1106, de Laval a Mitani,16/02/1943, A.M.A.E. Guerre, Vichy-Asie, Vol, n 30.
298梅西尔称其为298Ad Omnes",即面向所有人的意思,也就是说虽然语气上归还中国,但并不实指具体归还对象和时间。
299 Fabienne Mercier Jichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique,Paris:Harmattan,1995,p,207.
300Tel n468-474, Decoux(Hanoi) a Departement(Vichy),27/04/1943, A.M.A.E, Guerre, Vichy-Asie, vol n.321.
301 Jaubert(Marseille) a Rollin(Vichy) 17/03/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie Vol n 30.
302 Jaubert(Marseille) a Rollin(Vichy) 17/03/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie Vol n 30.
303 Fabienne Mercier. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris: Harmattan,1995 p.211.
304 Tel n 375-387 de Cosme a Departement 16/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie, Vol n.321.
305 Tel n 375-387 de Cosme a Departement 16/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie, Vol n.321.
306 Tel n 375-387 de Cosme a Departement 16/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
307 Tel n 476-484 de Cosme a Departement 02/05/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
Fabienne Merc ier Vichy fce a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris: Harmattan,1995 p.214.
310 Tel n 100-169 de Laval aGouaal 05/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichv-Asie. Vol n.321.
309 Tel n 159-164 de Laval a Cosme 22/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
311 Tel n 100-169 de Laval a Gougal 05/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie, Vol n.321.
312 Tel n 159-164 de Laval a Cosme 22/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
313 Tel n 100-105, Lavel en accord avec ministres des Colonies a Gougal,05/04/1943. A.M.A.E. Guerre, Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
314 Tel n342-345 Boissezon a Vichy 09/04/1943. A.M.A.E, Guerre, Vichy-Asie, Vol n.140.
315 Aspect financier d' une eventuelle restitution de la concession francaise de Shanghai,17/06/1943. A.M.A.E.Guerre Vichy-Asie.Vol 31.
316 Aspect financier d'une eventuelle restitution de la concession francaise de Shanghai.17/06/1943. A.M.A.E.Guerre Vichy-Asie,Vol 31.
317 Tel n154 Cosine a Vichy 23/07/1943. A.M.A.E, Guerre.Vichy-Asie. Vol n.141.
318葛夫平：《抗战时期法国对于废除除中法不平等条约的态度》,《抗日战争研究》2003年第3期,第31页。
319《我政府发表宣言与维琪政府绝交》,《中央日报》,1943年8月1日。
320Christophe Babinet. L'Indochine dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944.These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980.pp.375-376.
321Fabienne Merrier,Vichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris: Harmattan.1995.p.169.
322 Jacques Guillennaz, Une vie pour la Chine: memoires (1937-1989), Haehette,1994. p.113.
323《一九四三年九月五日法兰西民族解放委员会驻华代表团团长顾亚发对昆明报界书面谈话》,CADN, Tchongking, Serie B, N°19转自葛夫平：《抗战时期法国对于废除中法不平等条约的态度》,《抗日战争研究》2003年第3期,第33页。
324 Tel n1117.1125.de Cosirle (Pekin) a Departement.01,11/1943.A.M.A.E.Guerre.Vichy.Asie.Vol n.321.
325 Tel n100.105 de Departemnt a Decoux(Hanoi)05/04/1943.A.M.A.E.Guerre.Vichy.Asie,Voln.332.
326 Tel n679.680 de Decoux a Department Vichy 07/09/1943.A.M.A.E.Guerre.Vichy-Asie.Voln.311.
327Hesse d' Alzon.Claude.Lapresence militaire francaise enIndochine(1940-1945),Vincenlles:Publications du Service historique de l' Armee de terre.1985 p.145.
328BOISANGER,C.de.On Pouvait eviter la guerre d' Indochine Maisonneuve.1977.p.75.
329Fabienne Mercier, l' iechy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique,Paris:Hamattan,1995,p.252.
330Christophe Babinet. L' Indochine dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944 These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980.pp.409-410.
331Politique francaise en Extreme-orient depuis l' armistice. note de la sous-direction Asie.29/07/1943. A.M.A.E, Guerre, Vichy-Asie. Vol n.31.
332外务省外交史料馆仫领印度支那ニ关ヌル居住航海条约亚关税制度贸易决济檬式ニ关ヌル、仫协定关保一件：亿领印度支那ニ关ヌル居住航海条约並关税制度贸易决济檬式ニ关ヌル日、仫协定关系一件3.日亿印经济交涉要绿昭和十六年六月仫印交涉事务室[ワアレンヌコード]B04013551200
334 Sachiko Murakami, "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation, New York University.1981),p388.
335Ibid.p.391.
336外务省外交史料馆仫领印度支那资源调查团派遣关系一件,第一眷,昭和一十七年七月三十日付B09040765600。
337同上。
339数据根据Annuaire statistique de I' indochine(印度支那年度统计报表)1941-1942.1943-1946两卷统计,以缩微胶卷形式收藏于法国国立图书馆。
340 Annuaire statistique de l' indochine 1941.1942.1943.1946,
343Gaudel Andre,L'Indochine frangaise en face du Japon. Paris: J. Susse (impr. de A. Tessier).1947. pp.207-208.
344 Sachiko Murakami, "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation, New York University,1981), pp.395-397.
345 Gaudel Andre,L' Indochine frangaise en face duJapon, Paris: J. Susse (impr. de A. Tessier),1947, p.123.
346 Decoux.Jean, A la barre de Vlndochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general,1940-1945.Paris:Plon, 1949.p.435.
347 Sachiko Murakami, "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation. New York University,1981), p.401.
348 Annuaire statistique de l' indochine 1943-1946 p.291.
349 Annuaire statistique de l' indochine 1943-1946 p.144.
350 Annuaire statistique de l' indochine 1943-1946 p.148.
353 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office.1956.pp.156-159.
355Tel n 2216, de Decoux(Hanoi) a Colonie (Vichy),31/08/1940. SHAT, Carton 10H 81.
356 Projet de protocole entre l' Empire du Japon et l' Etat Francais concernant la defense Commune de l' Indochine Francai.se A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie n.324.
359Ibid, p.163.
361外务省外交史料馆日、亿印共同防卫协定及ユレニ基ク仏印進驻关系 第二卷6.フランヌ船傭船问题。
363外务省外交史料馆日、亿印共同防卫协定及ユレニ基ク仏印進驻关系 第二卷6.フランヌ船傭船问题。
365 Hesse d'Alzon. Claude, La presence militaire francaise en Indochine (1940-1945),Vincennes:Publications du Service historique de l' Armee de terre.1985, p.120.
366 J. Kenneth Brod, The trial of Pierre Laval: defining treason, collaboration and patriotism in World War Ⅱ france.Transaction Publishers.2010, p.120.
367应该说这不完全是一个未知数,从法国在1940年9月的冲突中的态度来看,德古等人并不缺乏抵抗的决心。
368Paxton.Robert O.Vichy France: old guard and new order.1940-1944. New York:Knoof.1972. p.43.
369 Ibid,p.43.
370 Ibid,p.44.
371Jacques Valette, Indochine.1940-1945:Francais contre Japonais Paris: SEDES.1993 p1.77.
372Ibid,p.177.
373Ibid,p.178.
374 Ibid,p.176.
375 Ibid,p.176.
376 Jacques Valette. Indochine.1940-1945:Francais contre Japonais Paris:SEDES,1993.p.177.
377 Ibid, p.183.
378 Ibid, p.183.
379 Ibid, p.185.
380 Stein tonnesson. The Vietnamese revolution of 1945:Roosevelt. Ho Chi mirth and De Gaulle in a world at war, London, Sage Publications Ltd,1991, p.45.
381David G. Marr,Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997.p.40.
383 Sachiko Murakami, "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation, New York University,1981), pp.516-17.
383 Stein tonnesson. The Vietnamese revolution of 1945:Roosevelt. Ho Chi minh and De Gaulle in a world at war London. Sage Publications Ltd,1991, p.195.
384 Ibid, p.203.
385 David G. Marr,l' ietnam 1945: the quest for power. University of California Press,1997. p.46.
386 David G. Marr,l' ietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press.1997.p.47.
387 Mordant,Au service de la France en Indochine:1941-1945,Ed.Ifom.1950 p56.
388 David G. Marr.Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997,p.48.
389 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997. pp.51-52.
390 Mordant,Au service de la France en Indochine: 1941-7W5.Ed.Ifom,1950 p.138.
391 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997, p.63.
392 Bui ming dung, Japan s role in the Vietnamese starvation, Mordern Asian Studies 29,31995, p.573.
393 Decoux.Jean, A la barre de l' Indochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general,1940-1945.Paris:Plon, 1949,p.267.
394 Bui ming dung,Japan's role in the vietnamese starvation. Mordern Asian Studies 29,31995,p.590.
395 Ibid,p.607.
396 Ibid,p.606.
397 Ibid,p.606.
398Bui ming dung,Japan's role in the vietnamese starvation, Mordern Asian Studies 29,31995,p.615.
399 David G. Marr, l' ietnam 1945:the quest for power, University of California Press,1997. p.106.
400 Charles-Robert Ageron. La decolonisation franqaise.Paris, Armand Colin 1991, pp.45-47.
401 Eric Jennings. l' iclry in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina. 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004,p.2.
402 Eric Jennings, l' ichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar. Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004.p.12.
403Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar. Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press.2004.n.20.
404 C.A.O.M. N.F. Affaires Politiques 885,dossier 127/01/1942.
405Rene Maunier. Les Lois de l' empire,1940-1942. Paris,:Domat-Montchrestien,1942,p.9.
406David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997, p.310.
407 Journal officiel de la federation indochinoise, n.1. saiaon.15.nov.1945. p.2.
408 Paul H. Kratoska South East Asia, colonial history. Volume 6 Routledge,2001, p.229.
409 Ibid, p.229.
410 Donald Lancast, The Emancipation of french Indochina,London,1961, pp,122-123.
411 Jean de la Roche, Indochina in the New French Colonial Framework. Pacific Affairs 18,no,l Mar,1945. p.65.
412 Journal Officiel de la Republique francaise. n 72.25/03/1945,pp,1606-1607.
413 PhiHipe Devilers.Paris.saigon hanoi, p.24.
414 Martin Shipway.The road to warFrance and Vietnam,1944-1947.Berghahn Books,2003, p.13.
415 Ibid. p.16.
416 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945:the quest for power, University of California Press,1997.p.331.
417 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain's National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press.2004. p.136.
418详见Eric Thomas Jennings, Conservative Confluences, "Nativist" Synergy: Reinscribirbing Vicliy's National Revolution in Indochina,1940-1945, French Historical Studies, Vol.27, No.3, Writing French Colonial Histories (Summer.2004). pp.601-635.
419 Sabbatier, Le destin de I'lndochine:souvenirs et documents.1941-1951 Paris, Plon.1952.pp.52-53..
420 Ibid,p.39.
421 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain's National Revolution in Madagascar. Guadeloupe, and Indochina. 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004, d.142.
422 Ibid, p.142.
423 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004, p.151.
424 Ibid.p.151.
425 Eric Thomas Jennings, Conservative Confluences. "Nativist" Synergy: Reinschbing Vichy's National Revolution in Indochina,1940-1945, French Historical Studies. Vol.27. No.3, Writing French Colonial Histories (Summer,2004), p.608.
426 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004. p.153.
427 Eric Thomas Jennings, Conservative Confluences, "Nativist" Synergy: Reinserting Vichy's National Revolution in Indochina,1940-1945, French Historical Studies, Vol.27. No.3. Writing French Colonial Histories (Summer,2004), p.608.
428 Eric Jennings. Vichy in the tropics: Petains National Revolution in Madagascar. Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press.2004.p.609.
429 Ibid p.609.
430 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004 p.188.
431 Ibid, p.189.
432 Ibid. p.190.
433 Raffin, Anne, Youth mobilization in Vichy Indochina and its legacies,1940 to 1970. Lanham:Lexington Books, 2005, p.188.
434 Ibid, p.195.
435 Ibid, p.196.
436 Ibid, p.195.
437 Mark Bradley, Imagining Vietnam and America: the making of postcolonial Vietnam,1919-1950, UNC Press Books,2000, p.45.
438[美]威廉·李海著、马登阁等译：《我在现场》,华夏出版社1988年版,第47页。
439在笔者看来,单纯地认为罗斯福对印度支那提出国际共管理念其反殖民主义的情怀所致较为片面。否则难以理解为何美国只针对法国的殖民地提出国际共管理念,却很少提及英国在东南亚地区殖民地的自决问题。
440 Elliott Roosevel. As He Saw. New York: Duell, Sloan and Peace,1946, p.115.
441 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945:the quest for power, University of California Press.1997. p.262.
442 Ibid.p.264..
443 Ibid p.265.
444 La Feber Roosevelt, Churchill, and Indochina,The American Historical Reviews, vol 80 n.5 Dec,1975 pp.1284-1285.
445 Bernard B. Fall, Lapolitique americaine au Viet-Nam,Politique etrangere,1955,Volume20,Numero
3.p.302.
446 Ibid, d.309.
447 Ibid, p.310.
448 Ibid.311.
449 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press.1997. p.190.
450 Dixee R. Bartholomew-Feis, The OSS and Ho Chi Minh.unexpected allies in the war against Japan, University Press of Kansas,2000, p.176.
451 Hammer. Ellen J., The struggle for Indochina:1940-1955, Stanford Univ. Press,1966 p.130.
452 Ibid, p.130.
453尼林·E·冈著,余德全等译：《美国档案机密》,群众出版社1986,第301页。
454 Yongjing Jiang. Ho Chi Minh and China.1940-1945,Columbia University. University Seminar on Modern East Asia, Columbia University,1967 p.252.
455 Hammer, Ellen J.,The struggle for Indochina: 1940-1955. Stanford Univ. Press,1966.p.129:凌其翰：《在河内接收日版投降内幕：回忆十六年旧外交官生涯之一》,北京：世界知识出版社,第18页。
456 Hammer, Ellen J.,The struggle for Indochina:1940-1955, Stanford Univ. Press,1966. p.133.
457朱偰《越南受降口记》,商务印书馆,1946,第1-2页。
458同上,第19-20页。
459 Hammer, Ellen J.,The struggle for Indochina:1940-1955, Stanford Univ. Press,1966.p.135.
460 Olivier Wieviorka, La Memoire desunie, Seuil 《L' Univers historique》.2010.
461 Rousso, Henry, The Vichy syndrome:history and memory in France since 1944.Harvard University Press. 1991.p37.
462 La Grande Histoire des Francois sous l'Occupation, dix vol.,ed. Robert Laffont,1976-1993.
463 Ralph Schor: L' antisemitisme en France dans l' entre-deux-guerres:prelude a Vichy, Editions Complexe. 2005, p.22.
464 Paxton.Robert O, Vichy France: old guard and new order.1940-1944. New York:Knopf.1972.P.137.
465 Ihid.p137.
466 lhid.p137.
467 Ibid.p190.
468 Ibid,p233.
Paxton,Robert O.Vichy France:old guard and new order,1940-1944, New York:Knopf,1972,.p.352.
1.法国国家档案馆档案Archive Nationale(A.N.)、法国外交部档案Archive de Ministre des Affaires Etrangeres (A.M.A.E)、法国海外省档案Centre d'Archive d'Outre-Mer (C.A.O.M)法国陆军部历史档案Service Historique de l'Armee de Terre (S.H.A.T)。
2.日本外务省、国立公文书馆、防卫部档案。
3.美国外交部档案文集Foreign relations of the United States:diplomatic papers:1939-1945.
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2 Ibid,p.316.
3Ibid,p.220.
4 Thomas Edson Ennis, French policy and developments in Indochina, Russell & Russell,1973, p.131.
5 Paul H. Kratoska. South East Asia, colonial history. Volume 3,Routledge,2001. p.333-34.
6 Abderrahmane Benabi, Les francais. les japonais, et le movement national de Vietnam (1940-1945), Paris 1, 1989. p.34.
7 Virginia Thompson, Indo-China—France's Great Stake in the. Far East. Far Eastern Survev. Vol 6. No 2 (20. Jan.1937)p.19.
8 Paul H. Kratoska. South East Asia, colonial history. Volume 3.Routledge.200, p.327.
9 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichvface a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.19
101876年,中英签订《烟台条约》,北海被辟为通商口岸,中法战争之后,法国在北海设立了领事馆、商行,同一时期又在越南海防地区建立商行。
11石立民：《1885-1949年桂越边境贸易的发展》,《东南亚纵横》1996年第二期.第5页。
12石立民：《1885-1949年桂越边境贸易的发展》,《东南亚纵横》1996年第二期第5页,其中鸦片贸易是主因之一。
13按照中法间的协议,对汛口原各设立九个,后各增二个,共计二十二个,其中平孟与朔江口岸是贸易较为繁荣的一对汛口,而那梨与那铄等三对汛口则多以鸦片贸易为主。
14石立民《1885-1949年桂越边境贸易的发展》《东南亚纵横》1996年第二期,第7页。
15李硅主编：《云南近代经济史》,云南民族出版社,1995,第225页。
16周钊,岳：《新纂云南通志》卷144,商业考二,转引自赵铨：《外国资本在近代云南的投资》,载《云南财贸学院学报》1998年第4期第59页。
17不过根据田永秀所著《法国在华经济势力之全貌》一书,作者认为法国在华投资额大概为130亿,远少于梅西尔的推算,这也许是他未把银行资产算作在内,但两者同样说明了法国在华经济利益的重要程度。
18 Kluger, Delphine, Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.Memoire de Maitrise. Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.1988, p.15.
22《福泽谕吉全集》第10卷,第72-80页,转引自张振鹍：“中日甲午战争与东亚”,《抗日战争研究》,1995年第1期,第31页。
24同上,第22页。
25同上,第25页
26同上,第41页
27同上,第22页。
28 France. Commission de publication des documents diplomatiques francais, Documents Diplomatiques Francois (下略称D.D.F),1932-1939, Serie I. Vol I:1932-1935, Paris. Impr. nationale,1990.p.277.
29John.F. Laffey. French far eastern policy in the 1930s Modern Asian Studies. Vol 23. No.11989 p.120.
30 D.D.F,1932-1939. Serie Ⅰ 1932-1935. Vol Ⅱ. pp.22-23.
31 Kluger, Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.Memoire de Maitrise, Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.1988. p.30.
32 Kluger, Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.Memoire de Maitrise, Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.1988,p.31.
33 D.D.F,1932-1939. Serie Ⅰ 1932-1935, Vol Ⅱ,p.145.
34D.D.F,1932-1939,Serie Ⅰ 1932.1935.Vol Ⅶ,p.713.
35D.D.F,1932-1939,Serie Ⅱ 1936-1939,Vol Ⅱ,pp.22-23.
36 D.D.F,1932-1939, Serie Ⅱ 1936-1939. Vol Ⅸ, p.451.
37 John.F. Laffey.French far eastern policy in the 1930s.Modern Asian Studies, Vol 23.No.1 1989,p.136.
40 Kluger, Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.These de doctorat, Universite Panthe
38 Ibid.p.136.
39 Ibid.p.136. on-Sorbonne.1988. p.41.
41 Kluger. Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.These de doctorat. Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.1988.. p.45.
42 Ibid, pp.49-50.
43 Ibid, p.51.
44 D.D.F,1932-1939, Serie Ⅱ 1936-1939, Vol ⅩⅥ, p.880.
45Abderrahmane Benabi, Les francais Jesjaponais et le mouvement national vietnamien (1940-1945), Paris 1, 1989.p.76.
46 D.D.F.1932-1939, Serie Ⅱ 1936-1939. Vol ⅩⅥ. p.891.
47 Kluger. Delphine. Les relations franco-japonaises de 1936 a 1944.These de doctorat, Universite Panthe on-Sorbonne.19884.p.62.
48鲜于浩：《中法关系史稿》,西南交通大学出版社,2003年,第231页。
49丁守和主编：《辛亥革命时期期刊介绍》第2辑,人民出版社,北京,1982,第381-382页。
50[美]杰·巴洛：《1900至1908年孙中山与法国人》,《辛亥革命史丛刊》第6辑北京,中华书局,1986,第234-244页。
51(美)韦慕延著,杨慎之译：《孙中山——壮志末酬的爱国者》,新星出版社2006,第65页。
52鲜于浩：《中法关系史稿》, 西南交通大学出版社,2003年,第240页。
53 D.D.F.1932-1939.Serie I. Tome IV. Pp.12-14.
54 Christophe Babinet. L' Indoclune dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944, These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980. Paris, p.101.
55 Ibid. p.102.
56 Ibid, p.109.
57 Christophe Babinet. L'Indochine dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944, These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980, p.111.
58 Henri Jaquin. Guerre secrete en Indochine.. Olivier Orban 1979, Paris, p.34.
59 Christophe Babinet, L'Indochine dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944, These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980. Paris, p.113.
60 Salan, Memoires. Tome I (Le;sens d'un engagement). Presses de la Cite, Paris,1970, pp.58-59.
61[法]玛丽安娜·巴斯蒂：《19-20世纪的法中关系：发展动力和特性》,收录于李宏图主编：《法国史研究 的新视野》,长沙：湖南人民出版社,2005,第224页。
6262《昆明至海防及昆明至仰光每吨货运价目比较表》(1939),行政院水陆运输联合委员会档案,未刊原件,云南省档案馆,85-4-12-12/25。转引自刘卫东：《抗战前期国民政府对印支通道的经营》,《近代史研究》1998年05期,第127页。
63刘卫东：《抗战前期国民政府对印支通道的经营》,《近代史研究》1998年05期,第130页。
64王洪典：《西南公路之分等问题》,《抗战与交通》,第63期,1941年5月,第56页.
65 Virginia Thompson. "Indo-China in Suspended. Animation," Far Eastern Survey, Aug.14.1940. Vol 9, No 17,p.196.
66 Abderrahmane Benabi, Les francais, les japonais, et le movement national de Vietnam (1940-1945). Paris 1, 1989,p.20.
67 Abderrahmane Benabi,Les francais. les iaponais. et le movement national I' ietnam(1940-1945).Paris.1
68 Virginia Thompson, "Indo-China in Suspended. Animation," Far Eastern Survey, Aug.14,1940, Vol 9, No 1989.p.21. 17.P.196.
69 Ibid, p.200.
70 Ibid, p.199.
711940年7月3日,英国单方面采取行动,击沉或扣押法国停泊在该港口及其他英国境内港口的法国舰队船只。
72 Jean Baillou. Charles Lucet, Jacques VimontLes. Les affaires etrangeres et le Corps Diplomatique Francois: De VAncien Regime au Second Empire.1870-1980.Ed. du CNRS.1984, p.543.
73 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan,1995 p.39.
74 J. Guillermaz. Une vie nour la Chine. Memoires 1937-1989 Park Laffontt 1989p28 De I' Ancien Regime au Second Empire.1870-1980.Ed. du CNRS.1984, p.551.
75 Jean Baillou. Charles Lucet. Jacques VimontLes, Les affaires etrangeres et le Corps Diplomatique Francois:
10 Merrier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.49.
77 R.Trinquier. Le temps perdu, Paris, Albin Michel,1978, p.83.
78 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions THannattan,1995 p.50.
79 A.Gaudel.I Indochine francaise en face du Japon, Paris. Susse,1947. p.33.
80 C.Hesse d'Alzon. La presence militaire frangaise en lndochine,1940-1945. Vincennes, publication du SHAT 1985 p.46.
81中国军事科学院编著,《第二次世界大战史》,军事科学院出版社,1995年,第一卷,第577页。
82 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers.1940, Vol. Ⅳ. Washington:Government Printing Office.1956, p.30.
83 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonie,24/06/1940.AN 3W150.
84 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonie,24/06/1940.AN 3W150
85 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonie,24/06/1940.AN 3W150.
86 Decoux,Jean, A la barre de l' Indochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general,1940-1945,Paris: Plon.1949. p.66.
87 Tel n.1689-1698. Ministere de Colonie a Catroux,24/06/1940.AN 3W150.
88 Mercier, Fabienne. Vichv face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diDlomatiaue. Paris:Editions 1'Harmartan p,68.
89 Tel n.1721-1725. Catroux a Ministere de Colonie.24/06/1940,AN3W150.
90 Tel n.1721-1725. Catroux a Ministere de Colonie.24/06/1940,AN3W150.
91 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonic.24/06/1940,AN3W150.
92 Tel n.1689-1698, Catroux a Ministere de Colonie,24/06/1940.AN3W150. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956, p.49.
93United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940. vol.Ⅳ
94Sachiko Murakami,"Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation. New York University, 1981. p118.
95 Ibid. D.118.
96 United States. DeDartrnent of State. Foreien Relations of the United States. Dinlomatic Paners,1940, vol, IV Washington: Government Printing Office,1956, p.54.
97 Jacques Valette, Indochine 1940-1945. Francais contre Japonais, Paris, SEDES,1995.p.40.
99Tel n.6-12; General Catroux a Ambafrance aJapon,10/07/1940,AN3W150.
100 Takashi Shiraishi, Motoo Furuta. Indochina in the 1940s and 1950s:translation of contemporary Japanese scholarship on Southeast Asia, SEAP Publications,1992, p,28.
101Tel n.2050. General Cato t a General Decoux.02/08/1940,AN3W150.
103 Decoux,Jean, A la barre de I'Indochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general.1940-1945,Paris: Plon. 1949.p.54.
104 Tel n1056. Le general d'armee Buher a Ministere de la Defense.11/07/1940, A.M.A.E, Geurre Vichy-Asie, n.264.
105 Mercier. Fabienne. l' ichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan p.69.
106 Tel n.1860-1867. General Decoux a Ministere dc Colonic,23/07/1940.AN 3W150
108同上,有田致铃木总领事,7月9日电。
109同上,有田致铃木总领事,7月14日电。
110 Mercier, Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan p.70.
111 Decoux,Jean, A la barre de l' lndochine:histoire de mon gouvernement general.1940-1945.Paris:Plon,1949 p.57.
112 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan p.74.
113中国军事科学院编著,《第二次世界大战史》,北京：军事科学院出版社,1995年,第一卷,第577页。
1147月19日的日本对佛印政策中指出：目前我方正向处理中国事变的方向前进。此前佛印比较好地执行了日本关于关闭印支通道的命令。而现在日本所要解决的是与法国尽快订立政治军事协定。同时也要扩大经济协定的范围。现下帝国希望法国能够协力建设东亚新秩序,以从军事上全面摧毁蒋政权因此要全面禁 止其向蒋运送物资。希望印度支那提供军事和经济协助。允许日军使用机场军事基地以及运送武器弹药。若协定中某些问题无法确定,请迅速向政府请示,协定内容请务必不向第三国透露。同时帝国与印度支那在经济关系的紧密化上不能仅仅只限于商品的输入输出,还应该达到资源开放共享,应使我方在获得必要资源方面拥有足够权力。应在各方面展开全力合作以促进印支经济的发展。参考：松岡大臣、アンリ一大使间正式交涉阴始以前ノ经纬/2昭和15年7月14日から昭和15年7月1 9日,外务省外交史料馆亿领印度支那进驻问题(1940年9月4日、日仫印军事协定)第一卷,[ワアレンヌコード]B02030668000,昭和15年7月14日ヘ昭和15年7月19日。
115 Duroselle, Jean Baptiste. Politique exterieure de la France. L'abime.1939-1945, Paris:Impr. nationale.1982. p.253.
116 Charles Roux.Cinq mois tragiques aux affaires etrangeres (21 mai-ler novembre 1940), Paris:Plon,1949. p.250.
117 Charles Roux a Ambassadeur France a Shanghai et Tokyo 01/07/1940, A.M.A.E Vichy-Asie, vol n.124.
118 P.Baudoin Neufmois au gouvernement. Avril-decembre 1940. Paris, La table ronde,1948, p.275.
119 Tel n 85-87, de Baudoin (Vichy)a Henry (Tokyo), aout. A.M.A.E? Papiers Baudoin, Vol n.5.
120 Margaret Esterel Lambert Documents on German foreign policy,1918-1945.H.M.S.O..1983, series D. vol X, june23-aug31.1940. p.5.
121 Margaret Esterel Lambert Documents on German foreign policy.1918-1945.H.M.S.O.,1983, series D, vol X, june23-aug31.1940, p.439:452.
Mercier, Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan.p.77.
123 Note de la sous-direction Asie,13/07/11940. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichv-Asie Papier Baudoin, vol n.5
124 Note de la sous-direction Asie,13/07/11940, A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie Papier Baudoin, vol n.5.
125Instruciton du gouvernent francais a ses postes diplomatique d' extreme orient 01/07/1940, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie, vol 324.
126Aide memoiire Vichy,12/08/1940, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie, vol 324.
127 Aide memoiire Vichy,12/08/1940, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie, vol 324.
128 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan.p.57
129 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers.1940. vol. Ⅳ. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956, p.70.
130 Tel n.1860-1867, General Decoux a Ministere de Colonie annex iv 06/08/1940.AN 3W150.
131 Tel n.1860-1867, General Decoux a Ministere de Colonie annex iv 06/08/1940,AN 3W150..
132 Tel n.1860-1867, General Decoux a Ministere de Colonie annex iv 06/08/1940.AN 3W150.
33 Tel n.1860-1867, General Decoux a Ministere de Colonie annex iv 06/08/1940,AN 3W150.
134 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol. IV, Washington: Government Printing Office,1956, p.80.
135 Jean Chauvel, Commentaire: de l' ienne a Alger (1938-1944), Burning Flags Press,1994, p.235.
136德古向维希政府的报告中称8月11日,中国的一小支正规军越过印支边境,袭击了附近的村庄,造成部分平民的伤亡,尽管8月23日中国驻法大使对此表示强烈谴责,认为是新闻机构的误报,但从后来中法边境持续不断的小规模冲突来看,这一事件未必为假,可以理解为中国政府的一种试探性策略。想要摸清法国方面的底线何在。Sp.25/5455 Memorendum d'Ambassade de Chine a minister des affaires etrangere de Vichy,23/08/1940. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vol n.264.
137顾维钧薯,社会科学院近代史研究所译：《顾维钧回忆录》.北京：中华书局.1986.第四卷.第396页Washington: Government Printing Office,1956, p.71.
138 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ.
139 N.612,Coseme (Shanghai) a Departement (Vichy).26/0811940, A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie voln.264. Washington:Government Printing Office.1956. p.89.
140 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ,
141 Mercier, Fabienne. l' ichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions l' Harmattan p.81.
142Sp5495,Memorendum d'Ambassade de Chine 6 minister des affaires etrangere de Vichy,31/0811940, A.M.A.E Guerre,Vol n.264.
143顾维钧著,社会科学院近代史研究所译：《顾维钧回忆录》,北京：中华书局,1986,第四卷,第405页。
144同上,第410页。
145同上,第420页。
146 Decoux,Jean,A la barre de l' Indochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general,1940-1945.Paris: Plon,1949 p.94.
147 Tel n.216 Decoux a Colonies Vichy,31/08/1940, SHAT,10H 81.
148 Mercier, Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.84.
149 Mercier, Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek:histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.86.
150 Tel n.116 Paul Baudoin a l' amiral Platon 13/09/1940, A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Asie,Papier Baudoin Vol n.5.
151 Tel n.333 Platon to Decoux 13/09/1940, A.M.A.E. Papier Baudoin Vol n.5.
152 Tel n.37-40. General Decoux 6 Ministere de Colonie.21/09/1940 AN 3W 150.
153 Tel n.5. Ministere de Colonie a General Decoux.02/09/1940 AN 3W 150.
154 F311 Decoux a Ministere de Colonie.11/11/1940. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Tel 674.
155 #12
156顾维钧著,社会科学院近代史研究所译：《顾维钧回忆录》,北京：中华书局,1986第四卷,第423页。
157 Henry Lemery, D'une republique a l' autre, souvenirs de la meleepolitique,1894-1944, Paris la Table ronde; (Mayenne:Impr. Floch),1964, p.253.
158Ibid,p.253.
159 Ibid, p.254.
160《中报》1940年9月24日,社评“越南协定签字之后”
161 Baudoin, Note sur l' Indochine,1943. p.19. (Papier Georges Bidault). AN 3W 150.
165《申报》,1940年9月24日。
Sp.18/5443 aide-memoire d'ambassade de Chine a Paris.10/08/1940. A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Asie. n.264.
167 Tel N410-413.Rochat a ambassade de francais tchong king 27/11/1940.A.M.A.E.Guerre vichy-Asie.V0l n.264.
168 Tel N410.413.ROchat a ambassade de francais tchong king 27/1l/1940,A.M.A.E,Guerre Vichy.Asie.Vol n.264,
169Tel n 172-173, Departement (Vichy) a Cosme (Shanghai),26/06/1941, A.M.A.E, Guerre. Vichy-Etat Francais, Vol n.45.
170详见张发奎：《张发奎将军抗日战争回忆记》香港：蔡国桢发展有限公司,1981,第14页。
171同上,不过这只是笔者的猜测,难以称为定论,但从张的行为来看不能排除此种可能。
172 Incident de frontiere sino-indochinoise.18/11/1940. A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichy-Asie. n.264.
173 Incident de frontiere sino-indochinoise,18/11/1940, A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Asie. n.264.
174 N 435-437.Tchong king (Cosme)a Vichy.04/12/1940, A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichy-Asie, n.264.
175 N 424-428. Tchong king (Cosme) a Vichy.28/11/1940, A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Asie, n.264.
176 N510, Tchong king (Cosme)a Vichy.24/12/1940. A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichy-Asie, n.264.
177 Tel n 230-231, de Gandon a Colonies (Vichy),04/01/1941, A.M.A.E, Guerre, Vichy-Etat francais, vol n.40.
178 Tel n 230-231, de Decoux a Colonies (Vichy),07/05/1941, A.M.A.E. Guerre. Vichy-Etat francais. vol n.44.
179 Mercier. Fabienne. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique.Vans:Editions l' Hannattan.p.108.
180 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers.1940, vol. Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956, p.79.
181 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol. Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office.1956,p.83.
182 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers.1940. vol. Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.91.
183 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol. Ⅳ. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.98.
184 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1940, vol. IV, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1956.p.l 13.
185 United States, Department of State， Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1940. vol. IV. Washington: Government Printing Office， 1956.p.I22.
186 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States， Diplomatic Papers, 1940, vol. IV, Washington: Government Printing Office， 1956.p. 117.
187 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1940, vol. IV, Washington: Government Printing Office. 1956.pp. 122-123.
188 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1940, vol. IV. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1956.p. 128.
189 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.164.
190 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940. vol.Ⅳ. Washington:Government Printing Office.1956.p164; 166.
191 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.181.
192Charles-Roux Francois, Cinq mois tragiques aux Affaires etrangeres (21 mai-ler novembre 1940). Paris, Plon, 1949. p.266.
193 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1940, vol.Ⅳ. Washington: Government Printing Office.1956,p.225.
194 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers.1940. vol.Ⅳ. Washington: Government Printing Office.1956,p.118.
195 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers.1940. vol.Ⅳ. Washington: Government Printing Office,1956.p.117.
196 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1940. vol.Ⅳ. Washington: Government Printing Office,1956.p.246.
197 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers.1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.1.
198 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office.1956.p.2
199 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.5.
200 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.2.
201 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.2.
202 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.11.
203 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.l2.
204陈兼：《《走向全球战争之路：二次大战起源研究》,上海：学林出版社,1989,第387页。
205同上,第387页。
Mordant (Gal). Au service de la France en Indochine (1941-1945). Saigon. Imprimeries de la France d- Outre-mer,1950. pp.20-21.
208Documents on German foreign policy,1918-1945 Series D.Vol Ⅺ p.832.
209 United States, Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.22.
210 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office.1956,pp.34-5.
211 James William Morley, The fateful choice: Japan's advance into southeast Asia.1939-1941 p.277.
212 Tel n.5, Ministere de Colonie a General Decoux,02/04/1941 AN 3W 150.
213 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,pp34-5.
214 Jacques Valette, Indochine 1940-1945. Francais contre Japonais. SEDES; 1993 p.102.
215Ibidp.103.
216Ibid,p.103.
217 Ibid.p103.
218 Teln 1694-1695.Catroux(Hanoi) a Colonies (Bordeaux).24/06/1940.SHAT,10H81.
219Gaudel Andre.L' Indochine frangaise en face du Japan, Paris:J. Susse (impr. de A. Tessier),1947.p.218.
220 Virginia Thompson, Japan-indochina trade pact.Far Eastern Survey, Vol 10. No.10.June 1940. p.117.
221Virginia Thompson. Japan-indochina trade pact.Far Eastern Survey. Vol 10, No.10 June 1940. p.138.
224Fabienne Mercier,Vichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire dipIomatique.Paris:Harmattan,1995,p.122.
2251941年5月28日,德法签订《巴黎协定》,按照约定,法国将提供其在殖民地的部分军用基地以供德军使用,包括中东和非洲等地。作为交换,维希法国希望德国能够降低对法国的剥削,例如削减驻军费等。此和议由达尔朗牵头,贝当也极力支持。
227 Sachiko Murakami. "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation. New York University,1981).p.303.
228 Ibid, p.304.
229 Ibid,p.304.
230 Sachiko Murakami. "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation. New York University,1981),p.305.
231 Ibid.p.310.
232实松让编：《现代史资料35·太平洋战争·2》,第121页,转引自陈兼：《走向全球战争之路：二次大战起源研究》,上海：学林出版社,1989,第385页。
233 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.243.
234 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.246.
235 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.247.
236 Jacques Valette. Indochine 1940-1945. Fran?ais contre Japonais.Paris: SEDES; 1993 p.125.
237 Ibid.p.125.
238 Jean Chauvel. Commentaire: de Vienne a Alger (1938-1944),Burning Flags Press,1994 p.270.
239 Ibid.D.274.
240 Ibid.D.274.
241 Herbert Feis, The road to Pearl Harbor: the coming of the war between the United States and Japan, Princeton University Press.1950. p.229.
242具体内容见本文第5章节。
243《达尔朗—加藤协定》附约中附加了《日法防卫同盟》草案,但此协定仅作为后期合作的参考,未正式生效。
244 United States. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.325.
245 Ibid,p.240.
246 United States. Department of Stale. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.315.
247陈兼：《走向全球战争之路：二次大战起源研究》,上海：学林出版社,1989,第391页。
248 Murakami Sachiko. "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina,1940-1945." PH.D.diss.. NewYork University, 1981 p.343.
249 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.2. Washington:Government Printing Office,1956.p.527.
250 Murakami Sachiko. "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina,1940-1945. "PH.D.diss., NewYork University, 1981 p.355.
251 Paul H. Kratoska.South East Asia, colonial history. Routledge. Volume 4.2001 p.223.
252赫尔：《赫尔回忆录》下卷,纽约,1948年版,第1024-1073页。
253 United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.2, Washington:Government Printing Office,1956,p.528.
254 Jacquin, Guerre secrete en Indochina, Paris: Ed. Olivier Orban,1979,pp.110-111.
255 Mercier, Fabienne. l' ichy face a Chiang Kai-shek: histoire diplomatique, Paris:Editions 1'Harmattan p.139.
256 Accords militaires et techniques imposes a l' indochine francaise par les autorites militaires japonaises, 09/12/1941. SHAT.10H 78.
257 Ibid.
258 Ibid.
259 Claude Boisanger; On pouvait eviter la guerre d' Indochine. Souvenirs 1941-1945. Description Paris,1977, p.55.
260 Tel n.270,Saigon a Colonies Vichy.31/01/1942,AN 3W150.
261 Amiraute Saigon to Amiraute vichy,21/12/1941.AN3W150.
262 Amiraute Saigon to Amiraute vichy; 23/01/1942,AN 3W150.
263 De Haut-Commisaire Hanoi a Colonie Vichv 03/02/1942,AN 3W150.
264 De Haut-Commisaire Hanoi a Colonie Vichy 03/02/1942,AN 3W150.
265 De Haut-Commisaire Hanoi a Colonie Vichy 03/02/1942.AN 3W150.
266 Vichy.Direction Politique Asie.24/03/1942 A.M.A.E.Tel N.29.
267 Tel n 836 de Cosme a Departement 01/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Etat. Vol n.51.
268 Tel n.4-6 de Cosme a Departement 01/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie. Vol n 321 Annexe 11 p.303.
269 Tel n 855 de Cosme a Departement 01/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Etat. Vol n.51.
270 Tel n 836 de Cosme a Departement 01/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Etat, Vol n.51.
271 Tel n 295-297 de Cosme a Departement 13/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.115.
272 Tel n 449-454 de Cosme a Departement 13/01/1942. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Etat-francais Vol n.54.
273 JeanChauvel, Commentaire: de l' ienne aAlger (1938-1944), Burning Flags Press,1994p.238.
274 Ibid, p.238.
275Ibid, p.266.
276 Raport du Bureau d'etude Chauvel 10/1943. Papiers 1940. A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.36.
277 Jean Chauvel, Commentaire: de Vienne a Alger (1938-1944), Burning Flags Press.1994. p.281.
278 Ibid p266.
279 JeanChauvel, Commentaire: de Vienne a Alger (1938-1944), Burning Flags Press.1994.p266.
280 Fabienne Mercier, I' ichyface a Chiang Kai-Shek:histoire diplomatique,Paris:Harmattan.1995 p.151.
281Jean Chauvel.Commentaire: de Vienne a Alger (1938-1944).Burning Flags Press,1994, p301.
282Fabienne Mercier.Vichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomarique.Parls: Harmattan.1995, p.185.
283Ibid.p.184.
284Tel n 235-240, de Shanghai a Departement 24/11/1942. A.M.A.E, Guerre Vichy-Etat francais Vol n.62.
285张振鹃等著：《日本侵华七十年史》,中国社会科学出版社版,1992,第525页。
286同上,第525页。
287 Tel n563-566, de Shanghai a departement 09/12/1942,A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichv-Etat francais Vol n.51.
288 Tel n617-623, de Shanghai a departement 31/12/1942. A.M.A.E. Guerre Vichy-Etat francais Vol n.51.
289 Tel n146, de Shanghai a Departement.12/11/1942, A.M.A.E. Guerre. Vichy-Etat francais, Vol n.62.
290李育民：《中国废约史》,北京,中华书局,2005年,第909页。
291 Fabienne Mercier. Vichc face a Chiang, Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris: Harmattan,1995. p.191.
292 Note de la sous-direction Asie, Departement 28/01/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.30.
293 Note de la sous-direction Asie, Departement 14/01/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.30.
294 Note de la sous-direction Asie. Departement 14/01/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.30
295Note de la sous-direction Asie, Departement 14/01/1943.A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie Vol n.30
296 Note d' audience. sous-direction Asie. Departement.08/02/1943. A.M.A.E. Guerre. Vichv-Asie. Vol n 321.
297 Tel n 1106, de Laval a Mitani,16/02/1943, A.M.A.E. Guerre, Vichy-Asie, Vol, n 30.
298梅西尔称其为298Ad Omnes",即面向所有人的意思,也就是说虽然语气上归还中国,但并不实指具体归还对象和时间。
299 Fabienne Mercier Jichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique,Paris:Harmattan,1995,p,207.
300Tel n468-474, Decoux(Hanoi) a Departement(Vichy),27/04/1943, A.M.A.E, Guerre, Vichy-Asie, vol n.321.
301 Jaubert(Marseille) a Rollin(Vichy) 17/03/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie Vol n 30.
302 Jaubert(Marseille) a Rollin(Vichy) 17/03/1943, A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie Vol n 30.
303 Fabienne Mercier. Vichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris: Harmattan,1995 p.211.
304 Tel n 375-387 de Cosme a Departement 16/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie, Vol n.321.
305 Tel n 375-387 de Cosme a Departement 16/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie, Vol n.321.
306 Tel n 375-387 de Cosme a Departement 16/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
307 Tel n 476-484 de Cosme a Departement 02/05/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre, Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
Fabienne Merc ier Vichy fce a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris: Harmattan,1995 p.214.
310 Tel n 100-169 de Laval aGouaal 05/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichv-Asie. Vol n.321.
309 Tel n 159-164 de Laval a Cosme 22/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
311 Tel n 100-169 de Laval a Gougal 05/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie, Vol n.321.
312 Tel n 159-164 de Laval a Cosme 22/04/1943. A.M.A.E Guerre. Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
313 Tel n 100-105, Lavel en accord avec ministres des Colonies a Gougal,05/04/1943. A.M.A.E. Guerre, Vichy-Asie. Vol n.321.
314 Tel n342-345 Boissezon a Vichy 09/04/1943. A.M.A.E, Guerre, Vichy-Asie, Vol n.140.
315 Aspect financier d' une eventuelle restitution de la concession francaise de Shanghai,17/06/1943. A.M.A.E.Guerre Vichy-Asie.Vol 31.
316 Aspect financier d'une eventuelle restitution de la concession francaise de Shanghai.17/06/1943. A.M.A.E.Guerre Vichy-Asie,Vol 31.
317 Tel n154 Cosine a Vichy 23/07/1943. A.M.A.E, Guerre.Vichy-Asie. Vol n.141.
318葛夫平：《抗战时期法国对于废除除中法不平等条约的态度》,《抗日战争研究》2003年第3期,第31页。
319《我政府发表宣言与维琪政府绝交》,《中央日报》,1943年8月1日。
320Christophe Babinet. L'Indochine dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944.These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980.pp.375-376.
321Fabienne Merrier,Vichy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique.Paris: Harmattan.1995.p.169.
322 Jacques Guillennaz, Une vie pour la Chine: memoires (1937-1989), Haehette,1994. p.113.
323《一九四三年九月五日法兰西民族解放委员会驻华代表团团长顾亚发对昆明报界书面谈话》,CADN, Tchongking, Serie B, N°19转自葛夫平：《抗战时期法国对于废除中法不平等条约的态度》,《抗日战争研究》2003年第3期,第33页。
324 Tel n1117.1125.de Cosirle (Pekin) a Departement.01,11/1943.A.M.A.E.Guerre.Vichy.Asie.Vol n.321.
325 Tel n100.105 de Departemnt a Decoux(Hanoi)05/04/1943.A.M.A.E.Guerre.Vichy.Asie,Voln.332.
326 Tel n679.680 de Decoux a Department Vichy 07/09/1943.A.M.A.E.Guerre.Vichy-Asie.Voln.311.
327Hesse d' Alzon.Claude.Lapresence militaire francaise enIndochine(1940-1945),Vincenlles:Publications du Service historique de l' Armee de terre.1985 p.145.
328BOISANGER,C.de.On Pouvait eviter la guerre d' Indochine Maisonneuve.1977.p.75.
329Fabienne Mercier, l' iechy face a Chiang Kai-Shek: histoire diplomatique,Paris:Hamattan,1995,p.252.
330Christophe Babinet. L' Indochine dans les relations franco-chinoises de 1940 a 1944 These de doctorat Paris 1-Sorbonne:1980.pp.409-410.
331Politique francaise en Extreme-orient depuis l' armistice. note de la sous-direction Asie.29/07/1943. A.M.A.E, Guerre, Vichy-Asie. Vol n.31.
332外务省外交史料馆仫领印度支那ニ关ヌル居住航海条约亚关税制度贸易决济檬式ニ关ヌル、仫协定关保一件：亿领印度支那ニ关ヌル居住航海条约並关税制度贸易决济檬式ニ关ヌル日、仫协定关系一件3.日亿印经济交涉要绿昭和十六年六月仫印交涉事务室[ワアレンヌコード]B04013551200
334 Sachiko Murakami, "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation, New York University.1981),p388.
335Ibid.p.391.
336外务省外交史料馆仫领印度支那资源调查团派遣关系一件,第一眷,昭和一十七年七月三十日付B09040765600。
337同上。
339数据根据Annuaire statistique de I' indochine(印度支那年度统计报表)1941-1942.1943-1946两卷统计,以缩微胶卷形式收藏于法国国立图书馆。
340 Annuaire statistique de l' indochine 1941.1942.1943.1946,
343Gaudel Andre,L'Indochine frangaise en face du Japon. Paris: J. Susse (impr. de A. Tessier).1947. pp.207-208.
344 Sachiko Murakami, "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation, New York University,1981), pp.395-397.
345 Gaudel Andre,L' Indochine frangaise en face duJapon, Paris: J. Susse (impr. de A. Tessier),1947, p.123.
346 Decoux.Jean, A la barre de Vlndochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general,1940-1945.Paris:Plon, 1949.p.435.
347 Sachiko Murakami, "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation. New York University,1981), p.401.
348 Annuaire statistique de l' indochine 1943-1946 p.291.
349 Annuaire statistique de l' indochine 1943-1946 p.144.
350 Annuaire statistique de l' indochine 1943-1946 p.148.
353 United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers,1941, vol.5. Washington:Government Printing Office.1956.pp.156-159.
355Tel n 2216, de Decoux(Hanoi) a Colonie (Vichy),31/08/1940. SHAT, Carton 10H 81.
356 Projet de protocole entre l' Empire du Japon et l' Etat Francais concernant la defense Commune de l' Indochine Francai.se A.M.A.E Guerre Vichy-Asie n.324.
359Ibid, p.163.
361外务省外交史料馆日、亿印共同防卫协定及ユレニ基ク仏印進驻关系 第二卷6.フランヌ船傭船问题。
363外务省外交史料馆日、亿印共同防卫协定及ユレニ基ク仏印進驻关系 第二卷6.フランヌ船傭船问题。
365 Hesse d'Alzon. Claude, La presence militaire francaise en Indochine (1940-1945),Vincennes:Publications du Service historique de l' Armee de terre.1985, p.120.
366 J. Kenneth Brod, The trial of Pierre Laval: defining treason, collaboration and patriotism in World War Ⅱ france.Transaction Publishers.2010, p.120.
367应该说这不完全是一个未知数,从法国在1940年9月的冲突中的态度来看,德古等人并不缺乏抵抗的决心。
368Paxton.Robert O.Vichy France: old guard and new order.1940-1944. New York:Knoof.1972. p.43.
369 Ibid,p.43.
370 Ibid,p.44.
371Jacques Valette, Indochine.1940-1945:Francais contre Japonais Paris: SEDES.1993 p1.77.
372Ibid,p.177.
373Ibid,p.178.
374 Ibid,p.176.
375 Ibid,p.176.
376 Jacques Valette. Indochine.1940-1945:Francais contre Japonais Paris:SEDES,1993.p.177.
377 Ibid, p.183.
378 Ibid, p.183.
379 Ibid, p.185.
380 Stein tonnesson. The Vietnamese revolution of 1945:Roosevelt. Ho Chi mirth and De Gaulle in a world at war, London, Sage Publications Ltd,1991, p.45.
381David G. Marr,Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997.p.40.
383 Sachiko Murakami, "Japan's Thrust into French Indochina 1940-1945" (Ph.D. dissertation, New York University,1981), pp.516-17.
383 Stein tonnesson. The Vietnamese revolution of 1945:Roosevelt. Ho Chi minh and De Gaulle in a world at war London. Sage Publications Ltd,1991, p.195.
384 Ibid, p.203.
385 David G. Marr,l' ietnam 1945: the quest for power. University of California Press,1997. p.46.
386 David G. Marr,l' ietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press.1997.p.47.
387 Mordant,Au service de la France en Indochine:1941-1945,Ed.Ifom.1950 p56.
388 David G. Marr.Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997,p.48.
389 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997. pp.51-52.
390 Mordant,Au service de la France en Indochine: 1941-7W5.Ed.Ifom,1950 p.138.
391 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997, p.63.
392 Bui ming dung, Japan s role in the Vietnamese starvation, Mordern Asian Studies 29,31995, p.573.
393 Decoux.Jean, A la barre de l' Indochine: histoire de mon gouvernement general,1940-1945.Paris:Plon, 1949,p.267.
394 Bui ming dung,Japan's role in the vietnamese starvation. Mordern Asian Studies 29,31995,p.590.
395 Ibid,p.607.
396 Ibid,p.606.
397 Ibid,p.606.
398Bui ming dung,Japan's role in the vietnamese starvation, Mordern Asian Studies 29,31995,p.615.
399 David G. Marr, l' ietnam 1945:the quest for power, University of California Press,1997. p.106.
400 Charles-Robert Ageron. La decolonisation franqaise.Paris, Armand Colin 1991, pp.45-47.
401 Eric Jennings. l' iclry in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina. 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004,p.2.
402 Eric Jennings, l' ichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar. Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004.p.12.
403Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar. Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press.2004.n.20.
404 C.A.O.M. N.F. Affaires Politiques 885,dossier 127/01/1942.
405Rene Maunier. Les Lois de l' empire,1940-1942. Paris,:Domat-Montchrestien,1942,p.9.
406David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press,1997, p.310.
407 Journal officiel de la federation indochinoise, n.1. saiaon.15.nov.1945. p.2.
408 Paul H. Kratoska South East Asia, colonial history. Volume 6 Routledge,2001, p.229.
409 Ibid, p.229.
410 Donald Lancast, The Emancipation of french Indochina,London,1961, pp,122-123.
411 Jean de la Roche, Indochina in the New French Colonial Framework. Pacific Affairs 18,no,l Mar,1945. p.65.
412 Journal Officiel de la Republique francaise. n 72.25/03/1945,pp,1606-1607.
413 PhiHipe Devilers.Paris.saigon hanoi, p.24.
414 Martin Shipway.The road to warFrance and Vietnam,1944-1947.Berghahn Books,2003, p.13.
415 Ibid. p.16.
416 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945:the quest for power, University of California Press,1997.p.331.
417 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain's National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press.2004. p.136.
418详见Eric Thomas Jennings, Conservative Confluences, "Nativist" Synergy: Reinscribirbing Vicliy's National Revolution in Indochina,1940-1945, French Historical Studies, Vol.27, No.3, Writing French Colonial Histories (Summer.2004). pp.601-635.
419 Sabbatier, Le destin de I'lndochine:souvenirs et documents.1941-1951 Paris, Plon.1952.pp.52-53..
420 Ibid,p.39.
421 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain's National Revolution in Madagascar. Guadeloupe, and Indochina. 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004, d.142.
422 Ibid, p.142.
423 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004, p.151.
424 Ibid.p.151.
425 Eric Thomas Jennings, Conservative Confluences. "Nativist" Synergy: Reinschbing Vichy's National Revolution in Indochina,1940-1945, French Historical Studies. Vol.27. No.3, Writing French Colonial Histories (Summer,2004), p.608.
426 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004. p.153.
427 Eric Thomas Jennings, Conservative Confluences, "Nativist" Synergy: Reinserting Vichy's National Revolution in Indochina,1940-1945, French Historical Studies, Vol.27. No.3. Writing French Colonial Histories (Summer,2004), p.608.
428 Eric Jennings. Vichy in the tropics: Petains National Revolution in Madagascar. Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press.2004.p.609.
429 Ibid p.609.
430 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the tropics: Petain s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-44, Stanford University Press,2004 p.188.
431 Ibid, p.189.
432 Ibid. p.190.
433 Raffin, Anne, Youth mobilization in Vichy Indochina and its legacies,1940 to 1970. Lanham:Lexington Books, 2005, p.188.
434 Ibid, p.195.
435 Ibid, p.196.
436 Ibid, p.195.
437 Mark Bradley, Imagining Vietnam and America: the making of postcolonial Vietnam,1919-1950, UNC Press Books,2000, p.45.
438[美]威廉·李海著、马登阁等译：《我在现场》,华夏出版社1988年版,第47页。
439在笔者看来,单纯地认为罗斯福对印度支那提出国际共管理念其反殖民主义的情怀所致较为片面。否则难以理解为何美国只针对法国的殖民地提出国际共管理念,却很少提及英国在东南亚地区殖民地的自决问题。
440 Elliott Roosevel. As He Saw. New York: Duell, Sloan and Peace,1946, p.115.
441 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945:the quest for power, University of California Press.1997. p.262.
442 Ibid.p.264..
443 Ibid p.265.
444 La Feber Roosevelt, Churchill, and Indochina,The American Historical Reviews, vol 80 n.5 Dec,1975 pp.1284-1285.
445 Bernard B. Fall, Lapolitique americaine au Viet-Nam,Politique etrangere,1955,Volume20,Numero
3.p.302.
446 Ibid, d.309.
447 Ibid, p.310.
448 Ibid.311.
449 David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press.1997. p.190.
450 Dixee R. Bartholomew-Feis, The OSS and Ho Chi Minh.unexpected allies in the war against Japan, University Press of Kansas,2000, p.176.
451 Hammer. Ellen J., The struggle for Indochina:1940-1955, Stanford Univ. Press,1966 p.130.
452 Ibid, p.130.
453尼林·E·冈著,余德全等译：《美国档案机密》,群众出版社1986,第301页。
454 Yongjing Jiang. Ho Chi Minh and China.1940-1945,Columbia University. University Seminar on Modern East Asia, Columbia University,1967 p.252.
455 Hammer, Ellen J.,The struggle for Indochina: 1940-1955. Stanford Univ. Press,1966.p.129:凌其翰：《在河内接收日版投降内幕：回忆十六年旧外交官生涯之一》,北京：世界知识出版社,第18页。
456 Hammer, Ellen J.,The struggle for Indochina:1940-1955, Stanford Univ. Press,1966. p.133.
457朱偰《越南受降口记》,商务印书馆,1946,第1-2页。
458同上,第19-20页。
459 Hammer, Ellen J.,The struggle for Indochina:1940-1955, Stanford Univ. Press,1966.p.135.
460 Olivier Wieviorka, La Memoire desunie, Seuil 《L' Univers historique》.2010.
461 Rousso, Henry, The Vichy syndrome:history and memory in France since 1944.Harvard University Press. 1991.p37.
462 La Grande Histoire des Francois sous l'Occupation, dix vol.,ed. Robert Laffont,1976-1993.
463 Ralph Schor: L' antisemitisme en France dans l' entre-deux-guerres:prelude a Vichy, Editions Complexe. 2005, p.22.
464 Paxton.Robert O, Vichy France: old guard and new order.1940-1944. New York:Knopf.1972.P.137.
465 Ihid.p137.
466 lhid.p137.
467 Ibid.p190.
468 Ibid,p233.
Paxton,Robert O.Vichy France:old guard and new order,1940-1944, New York:Knopf,1972,.p.352.
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3.黄庆华：“抗日战争时期及战后初期的中法关系”,《抗日战争研究》,2008年03期。
4.雷国山：“走向大东亚会议的历程”《南京社会科学》,2005年10期
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6.罗敏：“抗战时期的中国国民党与越南独立运动”,《抗日战争研究》2000年04期。
7.罗敏：“中国关于战后越南问题的认知与实践(1942—1946)”,《历史研究》,2003年05期。
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12.王士录：“滇越铁路与当代滇越经贸文化交流”,《东南亚》,2005年03期。
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14.谢本书：“龙云与云南抗战”,《抗日战争研究》,2001年03期。
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17.杨邓红：“抗日战争时期中法关系述论”,《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》,2003年。
18.赵文亮；娄先革：“试析法国败降对中国抗战的影响”,河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1996年04期。
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