VRML多用户环境中通用交互行为的研究
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摘要
随着WWW应用的迅速扩展，人们已经感到现有的基于HTML的WWW应用开发技术不太完善，尤其是在多媒体的支持方面。随着虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，简称VR)、计算机图形学和网络技术的不断发展，三维空间被引人因特网，把Web从以页面为中心的模式转换为交互、三维、动态逼真的网上世界，形成了第二代web技术，其核心就是VRML语言(Virtual Reality Modeling Language，虚拟现实建模语言)。所以开发一个Internet上的三维人—人交互环境已经成为计算机应用和发展的重要发向之一。
本文首先介绍了我们自行开发的一个多用户VRML虚拟空间生成原型系统的需求和关键技术，着重介绍了VRML语言的发展历史、现状、主要设计技术以及Java语言对VRML支持的EAI开发包。
然后我们对这个多用户VRML虚拟空间的主要设计技术进行了仔细的探讨，主要包括CSCW(计算机支持的协同工作)、协同工作环境的系统结构、构造用户的通信数据包、交互感知技术、并发控制、TCP／IP协议等。并对我们提出的多用户环境的系统结构进行了详细的讨论。
然后我们围绕程序的主要部分(通信机制和虚拟场景的建立)进行了展开讨论。
运用前面研究的技术，我们开发了一个多用户VRML虚拟空间生成原型系统(MVRC)。
With the wide use of WWW, more and more people have realized that the development of WWW based on HTML is not perfect, especially on the support to multimedia. Because of the fast development of Virtual Reality, Computer Graphics and technology of web, three-dimensional space is also being imported into the Internet. As a result, web no longer centered on page. Now, web is an interactive, 3D, vivid world. This is the second-generation Web technology. And the core is the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). So the development of 3D environment on Internet in which people can interact is the main research aspect in computer application and development.
In this passage, I first introduce the demand and primary technology in a prototyping system based on multi-user VRML virtual space. This system is developed by ourselves. In this part, mainly describe the history, present status, brief design technology of VRML and support by EAI kit in java to VRML.
Then we discuss the main design technology in multi-user VRML virtual space in detail including CSCW (Computer-Supported Cooperative work), architecture in cooperative work environment, construct users' communication packet, interactive appreciable technology, concurrent control, TCP/IP protocol and so on. We also research the architecture of the multi-user environment.
In the following part, we discuss the most important part of the program (communicating mechanism, construction of the virtual environment).
Using the technology we have mentioned above, we have successfully developed the archetypal architecture of multi-user VRML virtual space.
本文首先介绍了我们自行开发的一个多用户VRML虚拟空间生成原型系统的需求和关键技术，着重介绍了VRML语言的发展历史、现状、主要设计技术以及Java语言对VRML支持的EAI开发包。
然后我们对这个多用户VRML虚拟空间的主要设计技术进行了仔细的探讨，主要包括CSCW(计算机支持的协同工作)、协同工作环境的系统结构、构造用户的通信数据包、交互感知技术、并发控制、TCP／IP协议等。并对我们提出的多用户环境的系统结构进行了详细的讨论。
然后我们围绕程序的主要部分(通信机制和虚拟场景的建立)进行了展开讨论。
运用前面研究的技术，我们开发了一个多用户VRML虚拟空间生成原型系统(MVRC)。
With the wide use of WWW, more and more people have realized that the development of WWW based on HTML is not perfect, especially on the support to multimedia. Because of the fast development of Virtual Reality, Computer Graphics and technology of web, three-dimensional space is also being imported into the Internet. As a result, web no longer centered on page. Now, web is an interactive, 3D, vivid world. This is the second-generation Web technology. And the core is the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). So the development of 3D environment on Internet in which people can interact is the main research aspect in computer application and development.
In this passage, I first introduce the demand and primary technology in a prototyping system based on multi-user VRML virtual space. This system is developed by ourselves. In this part, mainly describe the history, present status, brief design technology of VRML and support by EAI kit in java to VRML.
Then we discuss the main design technology in multi-user VRML virtual space in detail including CSCW (Computer-Supported Cooperative work), architecture in cooperative work environment, construct users' communication packet, interactive appreciable technology, concurrent control, TCP/IP protocol and so on. We also research the architecture of the multi-user environment.
In the following part, we discuss the most important part of the program (communicating mechanism, construction of the virtual environment).
Using the technology we have mentioned above, we have successfully developed the archetypal architecture of multi-user VRML virtual space.
引文
1 m17. 从VRML到X3D.
2 陈俊华. VRML-第二代WWW技术核心．情报科学．2001(6): 647-649
3 Jun, H.S.,Lee, S.G..A virtual information desk on the Internet Science and Technology, 1999. KORUS '99. Proceedings. The Third Russian-Korean International Symposium on, Volume: 1,22-25 June 1999 Page(s): 265-268 vol. 1
4 黄铁军，柳健．VRML国际标准与应用指南．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
5 杜可亮，张施，刘见炤，贾占峰．WWW上的虚拟现实技术-VRML语言．电子工业出版社，1998
6 张宁，袁宏春．用VRML语言构造动态虚拟现实模型．微型机与应用．2000(1)：10—11,36
7 阳化冰，刘忠丽，刘忠轩，王庆华．虚拟现实构造语言VRML．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
8 王艳慧．基于VRML三维动态虚拟现实场景的实现．四川测绘．2002(1)：8-11
9 Nadeau, D.R.,Building virtual worlds with VRML,Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, March-April 1999 Page(s): 18-29
10 汪兴谦，牛燕明．VRML与Java编程实例详解．中国水利水电出版社，2002
11 赛博科技工作室．VRML与Java编程技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
12 Clads Martin. Proposal for a VRML 2.0 Informative Anne-External Authoring Interface Reference. http://cosmosoftware.com/products/EAIReference.html, 1997
13 Gutwin, C., Greenberg, S, and Roseman, M.Workspace in real-time distributed groupware: Framework, widgets, and evaluation.In A.Sasse,R.J. Cunningham, and R. Winder,(Editors),People and Computers Ⅺ (Proceedings of the HCI'96),Springer-Verlag. Conference held at Imperial College,London,August 20-23,1996:281-298
14 裴云彰，史元春，徐光佑．分布式计算模式下的协同工作环境．小型微型计算机．1999,08(20)：561-566
15 Bentley R.,et al. Architectural support for cooperative multiuser interfaces. IEEE
Computer, 1994,27(5):37-45
16 Zhao J,Hoppe H U.Supporting flexible communication in heterogeneous multi-user environments.In Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 1994:442-229
17 李华，阮秋奇．CSCW系统及其相关技术的研究．北方交通大学学报．1999(06)：(23)
18 Chenzheng Sun,Rol Sonic. Optional Locking Integrated with Operational Transformation in Distributed Real-time Group Editors. In:Proc. Of 18th Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, New York:ACM Press. 1999,43-52.
19 冯晨华，徐捷，王鸿谷，庄钊文．CSCW系统中的并发控制机制的研究．计算机工程与应用．1999,4：21-23，41．
20 刘一松．VRML虚拟空间协同生成原型系统的研究与开发．计算机应用研究．2000(4)：26-28．
21 冯晨华，徐捷，王鸿谷，状钊文．CSCW系统中协作感知技术的研究．小型微型计算机系统．1998，09(19)：61～67．
22 王超峰，范伟宏，赵振西．一种支持协同协作的系统模型．小型微型计算机系统．1999，03(20)：189～193．
23 刘一松．多用户VRML技术在构造3D人—人交互界面中的应用．计算机工程．1999(11)：49-51
24 刘一松．基VRML的3D人—人交互界面的研究与实现．江苏理工大学学报．1999(5)：66-69
25 顾翔，王汝传．Internet上的虚拟现实建模语言-VRML．电子工程师．1999(6)：10-13
26 黄嘉辉．Java网络程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
2 陈俊华. VRML-第二代WWW技术核心．情报科学．2001(6): 647-649
3 Jun, H.S.,Lee, S.G..A virtual information desk on the Internet Science and Technology, 1999. KORUS '99. Proceedings. The Third Russian-Korean International Symposium on, Volume: 1,22-25 June 1999 Page(s): 265-268 vol. 1
4 黄铁军，柳健．VRML国际标准与应用指南．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
5 杜可亮，张施，刘见炤，贾占峰．WWW上的虚拟现实技术-VRML语言．电子工业出版社，1998
6 张宁，袁宏春．用VRML语言构造动态虚拟现实模型．微型机与应用．2000(1)：10—11,36
7 阳化冰，刘忠丽，刘忠轩，王庆华．虚拟现实构造语言VRML．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
8 王艳慧．基于VRML三维动态虚拟现实场景的实现．四川测绘．2002(1)：8-11
9 Nadeau, D.R.,Building virtual worlds with VRML,Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, March-April 1999 Page(s): 18-29
10 汪兴谦，牛燕明．VRML与Java编程实例详解．中国水利水电出版社，2002
11 赛博科技工作室．VRML与Java编程技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
12 Clads Martin. Proposal for a VRML 2.0 Informative Anne-External Authoring Interface Reference. http://cosmosoftware.com/products/EAIReference.html, 1997
13 Gutwin, C., Greenberg, S, and Roseman, M.Workspace in real-time distributed groupware: Framework, widgets, and evaluation.In A.Sasse,R.J. Cunningham, and R. Winder,(Editors),People and Computers Ⅺ (Proceedings of the HCI'96),Springer-Verlag. Conference held at Imperial College,London,August 20-23,1996:281-298
14 裴云彰，史元春，徐光佑．分布式计算模式下的协同工作环境．小型微型计算机．1999,08(20)：561-566
15 Bentley R.,et al. Architectural support for cooperative multiuser interfaces. IEEE
Computer, 1994,27(5):37-45
16 Zhao J,Hoppe H U.Supporting flexible communication in heterogeneous multi-user environments.In Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 1994:442-229
17 李华，阮秋奇．CSCW系统及其相关技术的研究．北方交通大学学报．1999(06)：(23)
18 Chenzheng Sun,Rol Sonic. Optional Locking Integrated with Operational Transformation in Distributed Real-time Group Editors. In:Proc. Of 18th Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, New York:ACM Press. 1999,43-52.
19 冯晨华，徐捷，王鸿谷，庄钊文．CSCW系统中的并发控制机制的研究．计算机工程与应用．1999,4：21-23，41．
20 刘一松．VRML虚拟空间协同生成原型系统的研究与开发．计算机应用研究．2000(4)：26-28．
21 冯晨华，徐捷，王鸿谷，状钊文．CSCW系统中协作感知技术的研究．小型微型计算机系统．1998，09(19)：61～67．
22 王超峰，范伟宏，赵振西．一种支持协同协作的系统模型．小型微型计算机系统．1999，03(20)：189～193．
23 刘一松．多用户VRML技术在构造3D人—人交互界面中的应用．计算机工程．1999(11)：49-51
24 刘一松．基VRML的3D人—人交互界面的研究与实现．江苏理工大学学报．1999(5)：66-69
25 顾翔，王汝传．Internet上的虚拟现实建模语言-VRML．电子工程师．1999(6)：10-13
26 黄嘉辉．Java网络程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2002