基于网络服务（Web Services）的电子航空售票系统的分析与设计
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摘要
Web Services (网络服务)技术是当今计算机软件业的焦点,它在现有的各种异构平台上实现一个通用的与平台无关、语言无关的技术层,使各种平台上的应用系统可以依靠这个技术层来实现彼此的连接与集成。Web Services构建在XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI等开放标准和技术之上,为电子商务提出了一种新的分布式体系结构,是实现异构环境下电子商务间互操作性的关键。
本文首先分析了Web Services的体系结构和技术规范,然后利用Web Services技术以及其它计算机技术分析、设计并实现一个电子商务—电子航空售票系统。电子航空售票系统取代传统人工售票系统,极大程度的节约了成本,并为用户提供更加快捷、简便的服务,具有重要的意义。本系统设计和实现的过程中,充分利用先进计算机技术,保证了系统的灵活性、可扩展性、安全性和可靠性。为开发企业级的电子航空售票系统起到了抛砖引玉的作用。
文章最后对本系统进行一系列评价,并总结了阶段工作成果。
With rapid development of various Internet technologies, traditional services are being replaced by digital services gradually. They are looking forward to provide the customers more efficient, rapid and perfect services with the help of robust Internet. E-business, a new trade type, is exploring broadly in our country and worldwide. There are many advantages of E-businesses: they can reduce marketing cost, purchase cost as well as trade cost; they can simplify the process of trade and reform trade mode; they help to improve trade efficiency and reduce production cycle, etc. Moreover, 24-hour never ending service brings more business opportunity and improves the enterprise’s competitive ability as well as puts an end to business bribe. E-business, with its exclusive advantages, is appealing more and more attraction at present.
However, different development technologies and platforms bring the difficulty of interoperability among different E-business. The information isolation among these E-businesses means redundant development and huge resources waste. Web Services emerge under this awkward situation. Web Services, which aim to construct a technology framework that is platform and language independent with which different applications can communicate with each other, has appealed large concentration in the field of computer software.
As new developed technologies, Web Services have not been widely applied in our country, but they are the keys to realize interoperability between each E-business and going to be the primary service pattern of E-business. Web Services act as an application supported by standardized protocols including XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI, and accomplishes a loose coupling frame of various applications integration with the steps of service definition, service publish, service discovery and service binding. Web services are a kind of component which is deployed once to Internet and can be applied everywhere. All the software applications, once access to Internet, can invoke Web Services. Web Services greatly reduce development cost and bring convenience to developers, who need not switch from one platform to another and need not deal with various computer languages. Less or even no more redundant codes edit are required for workflow alteration with certain technologies and tools. Broad application of Web Services technologies, such as WSDL and UDDI, will turn real-time deployment according to each user’s requirement into reality.
This paper expounds the architecture, principle and operation mode of Web Services by giving a case of E-Flight Booking system. It explores the application of Web Services in developing E-business and demonstrates the development process. Implementation of E-Flight Booking system developed with Web Services is of great importance for it not only saves cost but also realizes interoperability with other E-business. The convenience brought by Web Services greatly improves the quality and efficiency of service.
There are, according to our national software development status, some defects and disadvantages in J2EE application development, which are profoundly manifested in the following ways: slow advance; deficient experience accumulation; low efficiency and repeat development of low-level component. This E-Flight Booking system applies MVC that helps separates user interface from workflow control and business logic, and realize the functions of multiple users, scalability, maintainability and interoperability. Meanwhile, it efficiently reduces code redundancy.
System security and reliability are the most important parts of successful E-business development. E-Flight Booking system involves lots of personal information as well as bank account information thus how to ensure information security is a challenge to the author. The users will access E-Flight Booking system through Internet or intranet and inquire flight information before make a flight booking online. System administrator will first check the validity of the information the users input and then confirm these booking orders. The E-Flight Booking system applies JAAS and SSL to ensure system security and reliability.
Finally, this paper evaluates the applied technologies, the functions and security of the system by applying GQM method and points out some failures needs to be implemented.
本文首先分析了Web Services的体系结构和技术规范,然后利用Web Services技术以及其它计算机技术分析、设计并实现一个电子商务—电子航空售票系统。电子航空售票系统取代传统人工售票系统,极大程度的节约了成本,并为用户提供更加快捷、简便的服务,具有重要的意义。本系统设计和实现的过程中,充分利用先进计算机技术,保证了系统的灵活性、可扩展性、安全性和可靠性。为开发企业级的电子航空售票系统起到了抛砖引玉的作用。
文章最后对本系统进行一系列评价,并总结了阶段工作成果。
With rapid development of various Internet technologies, traditional services are being replaced by digital services gradually. They are looking forward to provide the customers more efficient, rapid and perfect services with the help of robust Internet. E-business, a new trade type, is exploring broadly in our country and worldwide. There are many advantages of E-businesses: they can reduce marketing cost, purchase cost as well as trade cost; they can simplify the process of trade and reform trade mode; they help to improve trade efficiency and reduce production cycle, etc. Moreover, 24-hour never ending service brings more business opportunity and improves the enterprise’s competitive ability as well as puts an end to business bribe. E-business, with its exclusive advantages, is appealing more and more attraction at present.
However, different development technologies and platforms bring the difficulty of interoperability among different E-business. The information isolation among these E-businesses means redundant development and huge resources waste. Web Services emerge under this awkward situation. Web Services, which aim to construct a technology framework that is platform and language independent with which different applications can communicate with each other, has appealed large concentration in the field of computer software.
As new developed technologies, Web Services have not been widely applied in our country, but they are the keys to realize interoperability between each E-business and going to be the primary service pattern of E-business. Web Services act as an application supported by standardized protocols including XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI, and accomplishes a loose coupling frame of various applications integration with the steps of service definition, service publish, service discovery and service binding. Web services are a kind of component which is deployed once to Internet and can be applied everywhere. All the software applications, once access to Internet, can invoke Web Services. Web Services greatly reduce development cost and bring convenience to developers, who need not switch from one platform to another and need not deal with various computer languages. Less or even no more redundant codes edit are required for workflow alteration with certain technologies and tools. Broad application of Web Services technologies, such as WSDL and UDDI, will turn real-time deployment according to each user’s requirement into reality.
This paper expounds the architecture, principle and operation mode of Web Services by giving a case of E-Flight Booking system. It explores the application of Web Services in developing E-business and demonstrates the development process. Implementation of E-Flight Booking system developed with Web Services is of great importance for it not only saves cost but also realizes interoperability with other E-business. The convenience brought by Web Services greatly improves the quality and efficiency of service.
There are, according to our national software development status, some defects and disadvantages in J2EE application development, which are profoundly manifested in the following ways: slow advance; deficient experience accumulation; low efficiency and repeat development of low-level component. This E-Flight Booking system applies MVC that helps separates user interface from workflow control and business logic, and realize the functions of multiple users, scalability, maintainability and interoperability. Meanwhile, it efficiently reduces code redundancy.
System security and reliability are the most important parts of successful E-business development. E-Flight Booking system involves lots of personal information as well as bank account information thus how to ensure information security is a challenge to the author. The users will access E-Flight Booking system through Internet or intranet and inquire flight information before make a flight booking online. System administrator will first check the validity of the information the users input and then confirm these booking orders. The E-Flight Booking system applies JAAS and SSL to ensure system security and reliability.
Finally, this paper evaluates the applied technologies, the functions and security of the system by applying GQM method and points out some failures needs to be implemented.
引文
1蔡月茹,柳西玲. Web Service 基础教程 [M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005:20-35
2[美] Keith Ballinger 著,张晓坤等译. .NET Web Services 架构与实现[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004:13
3罗新星,陈伟谋. 利用 WEB SERVICES 集成管理信息系统中的 WEB 应用[J],计算机系统应用 2003.6:38-40
4[加]李劲. 动态电子商务中的 Web 服务[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2002.11
5孙杰,林红桔. 采用 DAO 模式实现 J2EE 数据访问层[J],仪器仪表用户 2005.1:88-90
6张文东,潘琪等. DAO 模式在 EJB 中的应用[J],计算机系统应用 2005.3: 50-52
7肖爱华,汪诗林. J2EE 通用数据访问对象(DAO)模式设计与实现[J],计算机应用与软件 2005.9:136-138
8柴晓路,梁宇奇. Web Services 技术、架构和应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003. http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/newto/websvc.html
10http://www.webservices.org
11WEB Service 的资源中介—UDDI 注册中心介绍 http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf
12WEB Service 的资源中介—UDDI 注册中心?http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf
13李安渝等. Web Services 技术与实现[M], 北京:国防工业出版社,2003.1
14架构 Web Service:为什么需要 Web 服务?http://www.hi-blue.com/technology/article/2447.asp
15国航电子客票的发展.http://www.ccamagazine.com/listshow.asp?id=29&id1=1
16Process Modeling http://www2.umassd.edu/swpi/DesignInCS/processmodel.html
17Erich Gamma, et al. Design Pattern: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
18孙卫琴. 精通 Structs: 基于 MVC 的 Java Web 设计与开发[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2004.8
19Introduction to Jakarta Struts Framework http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2001/09/11/jsp_servlets.html
20王家骐,于海霞. 基于 MVC 设计模式的 WEB 应用框架研究[J],计算机与信息技术,2006.11
21Windows Security.com http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/Secure_Socket_Layer.html
22如何绘制 UML 活动图(Activity Diagram) http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/tip-drawuml/index.html
23[美]阿卢尔(Alur,D.)等著,牛志奇等译. J2EE 核心模式[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
24基于 JDBC 的数据库连接池技术研究与应用 http://java.ccidnet.com/art/3753/20061012/920043_1.html
25数据库连接池技术在 JSP 数据库访问中的应用 http://scholar.ilib.cn/abstract.aspx?A=wclj200501011
26Sun Developer Network (SDK): Chapter 8 Continued: Connection Pooling http://java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/Programming/JDCBook/conpool.html
27JAAS 验证 http://gceclub.sun.com.cn/prodtech/javatools/jscreator/reference/tips/2/jaas_authentication.html
28Sun Developer Network (SDN) http://java.sun.com/products/jaas/
29刘晓华等. 精通 Java 和新技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.8:453-454
30SSL 技术专题 http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/special/ssl.asp
31Henry Bequet, et al. Beginning Java Web Services. Wrox Press Ltd, 2002
32赵强,乔新亮. J2EE 应用开发(WebLogic+JBuilder)[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003.7
33欧阳纯萍,李业荣. 快速构建基于 J2EE 的电子商务应用[J]. 广西科学院学报,2006.2
34张丽. 使用 PHP 和 MySQL 进行 Web 开发[J]. 电脑知识与技术:学术交流,2006.9
35Robert Englander. Developing Java Beans. O’Reilly, 1997
36Struts, an open-source MVC implementation. ftp://www6.software.ibm.com/software/developer/library/j-struts.pdf
37Muhammad Younas, et al. An efficient composition of Web services with active network support. Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 31, Issue 4, November 2006, Pages 859-869
38Struts http://struts.apache.org/
39Web 应用框架-Struts 实用专题 http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/techspecial/struts/
40http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObject
41http://static.itpost.cn/java/87/posts/87153923.shtml
42Exception management and error tracking in J2EE. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2005/jw-0711-exception.html
43James E. Johnson, et al. Formal specification of a Web services protocol. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 20 July 2006
44H.M.Deitel, et al. Web Services- A Technical Introduction. Prentice Hall, 2003
45M. Weiss, et al. Towards a classification of web service feature interactions. Computer Networks, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 14 September 2006
46Boualem Benatallah, et al. Representing, analyzing and managing Web service protocols. Data & Knowledge Engineering, Volume 58, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 327-357
47James Snell, et al. Programming Web Services With SOAP. O’Reilly Publishers, 2002
48Ramesh Nagappan, et al. Developing Java Web Services: Architecting and Developing Secure Web Services Using Java. Wiley Publishing, Inc, 2003
49UML 建模风格之顺序图 http://www.itisedu.com/04/200604161958290.asp
50Steve Graham, et al. Building Web services with Java: making sense of XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. Indianapolis, Ind.: Sams, 2002
51The Apache Jakarta Project http://jakarta.apache.org/jmeter/
52王秀.谈软件工程中软件测试的重要性及方法[J],天津成人高等学校联合学报 2004.3:76-78
53http://www.goldpractices.com/practices/gqm/index.php
54李亚红,郝克刚等. 基于 GQM 模型的软件项目进度的度量过程[J]. 计算机应用,2005.6:1448-1550
55杨基平,余忠华. GQM 方法及其应用研究[J]. 制造业自动化,2003.6:20-23.
56GOAL-QUESTION-METRIC (GQM) APPROACH
57Jae Yeol Lee, et al. Process-centric engineering Web services in a distributed and collaborative environment. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume 51, Issue 2, October 2006, Pages 297-308
58Java Programming Resources http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/
59基于 Struts 技术的 Web 应用设计与实现 http://www.webjx.com/htmldata/2006-10-16/1160953876.html
60讨论:用 DAO 模式有什么好处?http://www.javaeye.com/topic/20216
61Logging Services http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/
62SSL http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SSL.html
63程超,冯军等. JBuilder9.0 程序设计—Java 程序员成功之路[M]. 中国水利水电出版社,2004.
64安全策略 http://man.chinaunix.net/linux/debian/debian_learning/ch10s02.html
[1] 蔡月茹,柳西玲. Web Service 基础教程 [M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005:20-35
[2] [美] Keith Ballinger 著,张晓坤等译. .NET Web Services 架构与实现[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004:13
[3] 罗新星,陈伟谋. 利用 WEB SERVICES 集成管理信息系统中的 WEB 应用[J],计算机系统应用 2003.6:38-40
[4] [加]李劲. 动态电子商务中的 Web 服务[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2002.11
[5] 孙杰,林红桔. 采用 DAO 模式实现 J2EE 数据访问层[J],仪器仪表用户2005.1:88-90
[6] 张文东,潘琪等. DAO 模式在 EJB 中的应用[J],计算机系统应用 2005.3: 50-52
[7] 肖爱华,汪诗林. J2EE 通用数据访问对象(DAO)模式设计与实现[J],计算机应用与软件 2005.9:136-138
[8] 柴晓路,梁宇奇. Web Services 技术、架构和应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[9] SOA and Web services 新手入门, http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/newto/websvc.html
[10] http://www.webservices.org
[11] WEB Service 的资源中介—UDDI 注册中心介绍 http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf
[12] WEB Service 的资源中介—UDDI 注册中心? http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf
[13] 李安渝等. Web Services 技术与实现[M], 北京:国防工业出版社,2003.1
[14] 架构 Web Service:为什么需要 Web 服务? http://www.hi-blue.com/technology/article/2447.asp
[15] 国航电子客票的发展. http://www.ccamagazine.com/listshow.asp?id=29&id1=1
[16] Process Modeling http://www2.umassd.edu/swpi/DesignInCS/processmodel.html
[17] Erich Gamma, et al. Design Pattern: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
[18] 孙卫琴. 精通 Structs: 基于 MVC 的 Java Web 设计与开发[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2004.8
[19] Introduction to Jakarta Struts Framework http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2001/09/11/jsp_servlets.html
[20] 王家骐,于海霞. 基于 MVC 设计模式的 WEB 应用框架研究[J],计算机与信息技术,2006.11
[21] Windows Security.com http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/Secure_Socket_Layer.html
[22] 如何绘制 UML 活动图(Activity Diagram) http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/tip-drawuml/index.html
[23] [美]阿卢尔(Alur,D.)等著,牛志奇等译. J2EE 核心模式[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[24] 基 于 JDBC 的 数 据 库 连 接 池 技 术 研 究 与 应 用http://java.ccidnet.com/art/3753/20061012/920043_1.html
[25] 数 据 库 连 接 池 技 术 在 JSP 数 据 库 访 问 中 的 应 用http://scholar.ilib.cn/abstract.aspx?A=wclj200501011
[26] Sun Developer Network (SDK): Chapter 8 Continued: Connection Pooling
[27] JAAS 验证 http://gceclub.sun.com.cn/prodtech/javatools/jscreator/reference/tips/2/jaasauthentication.html
[28] Sun Developer Network (SDN) http://java.sun.com/products/jaas/
[29] 刘晓华等. 精通 Java 和新技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.8:453-454
[30] SSL 技术专题 http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/special/ssl.asp
[31] Henry Bequet, et al. Beginning Java Web Services. Wrox Press Ltd, 2002
[32] 赵强,乔新亮. J2EE 应用开发(WebLogic+JBuilder)[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003.7
[33] 欧阳纯萍,李业荣. 快速构建基于 J2EE 的电子商务应用[J]. 广西科学院学报,2006.2
[34] 张丽. 使用 PHP 和 MySQL 进行 Web 开发[J]. 电脑知识与技术:学术交流,2006.9
[35] Robert Englander. Developing Java Beans. O’Reilly, 1997
[36] Struts, an open-source MVC implementation. ftp://www6.software.ibm.com/software/developer/library/j-struts.pdf
[37] Muhammad Younas, et al. An efficient composition of Web services with active network support. Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 31, Issue 4, November 2006, Pages 859-869
[38] Struts http://struts.apache.org/
[39] Web 应用框架-Struts 实用专题 http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/techspecial/struts/
[40] http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObject
[41] http://static.itpost.cn/java/87/posts/87153923.shtml
[42] Exception management and error tracking in J2EE. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2005/jw-0711-exception.html
[43] James E. Johnson, et al. Formal specification of a Web services protocol. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 20 July 2006
[44] H.M.Deitel, et al. Web Services- A Technical Introduction. Prentice Hall, 2003
[45] M. Weiss, et al. Towards a classification of web service feature interactions. Computer Networks, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 14 September 2006
[46] Boualem Benatallah, et al. Representing, analyzing and managing Web service protocols. Data & Knowledge Engineering, Volume 58, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 327-357
[47] James Snell, et al. Programming Web Services With SOAP. O’Reilly Publishers, 2002
[48] Ramesh Nagappan, et al. Developing Java Web Services: Architecting and Developing Secure Web Services Using Java. Wiley Publishing, Inc, 2003
[49] UML 建模风格之顺序图 http://www.itisedu.com/04/200604161958290.asp
[50] Steve Graham, et al. Building Web services with Java: making sense of XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. Indianapolis, Ind.: Sams, 2002
[51] The Apache Jakarta Project http://jakarta.apache.org/jmeter/
[52] 王秀.谈软件工程中软件测试的重要性及方法[J],天津成人高等学校联合学报 2004.3:76-78
[53] http://www.goldpractices.com/practices/gqm/index.php
[54] 李亚红,郝克刚等. 基于 GQM 模型的软件项目进度的度量过程[J]. 计算机应用,2005.6:1448-1550
[55] 杨基平,余忠华. GQM 方法及其应用研究[J]. 制造业自动化,2003.6:20-23.
[56] GOAL-QUESTION-METRIC (GQM) APPROACH
[57] Jae Yeol Lee, et al. Process-centric engineering Web services in a distributed and collaborative environment. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume 51, Issue 2, October 2006, Pages 297-308
[58] Java Programming Resources http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/
[59] 基于 Struts 技术的 Web 应用设计与实现 http://www.webjx.com/htmldata/2006-10-16/1160953876.html
[60] 讨论:用 DAO 模式有什么好处?http://www.javaeye.com/topic/20216
[61] Logging Services http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/
[62] SSL http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SSL.html
[63] 程超,冯军等. JBuilder9.0 程序设计—Java 程序员成功之路[M]. 中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[64] 安全策略 http://man.chinaunix.net/linux/debian/debian_learning/ch10s02.html
2[美] Keith Ballinger 著,张晓坤等译. .NET Web Services 架构与实现[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004:13
3罗新星,陈伟谋. 利用 WEB SERVICES 集成管理信息系统中的 WEB 应用[J],计算机系统应用 2003.6:38-40
4[加]李劲. 动态电子商务中的 Web 服务[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2002.11
5孙杰,林红桔. 采用 DAO 模式实现 J2EE 数据访问层[J],仪器仪表用户 2005.1:88-90
6张文东,潘琪等. DAO 模式在 EJB 中的应用[J],计算机系统应用 2005.3: 50-52
7肖爱华,汪诗林. J2EE 通用数据访问对象(DAO)模式设计与实现[J],计算机应用与软件 2005.9:136-138
8柴晓路,梁宇奇. Web Services 技术、架构和应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003. http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/newto/websvc.html
10http://www.webservices.org
11WEB Service 的资源中介—UDDI 注册中心介绍 http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf
12WEB Service 的资源中介—UDDI 注册中心?http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf
13李安渝等. Web Services 技术与实现[M], 北京:国防工业出版社,2003.1
14架构 Web Service:为什么需要 Web 服务?http://www.hi-blue.com/technology/article/2447.asp
15国航电子客票的发展.http://www.ccamagazine.com/listshow.asp?id=29&id1=1
16Process Modeling http://www2.umassd.edu/swpi/DesignInCS/processmodel.html
17Erich Gamma, et al. Design Pattern: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
18孙卫琴. 精通 Structs: 基于 MVC 的 Java Web 设计与开发[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2004.8
19Introduction to Jakarta Struts Framework http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2001/09/11/jsp_servlets.html
20王家骐,于海霞. 基于 MVC 设计模式的 WEB 应用框架研究[J],计算机与信息技术,2006.11
21Windows Security.com http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/Secure_Socket_Layer.html
22如何绘制 UML 活动图(Activity Diagram) http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/tip-drawuml/index.html
23[美]阿卢尔(Alur,D.)等著,牛志奇等译. J2EE 核心模式[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
24基于 JDBC 的数据库连接池技术研究与应用 http://java.ccidnet.com/art/3753/20061012/920043_1.html
25数据库连接池技术在 JSP 数据库访问中的应用 http://scholar.ilib.cn/abstract.aspx?A=wclj200501011
26Sun Developer Network (SDK): Chapter 8 Continued: Connection Pooling http://java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/Programming/JDCBook/conpool.html
27JAAS 验证 http://gceclub.sun.com.cn/prodtech/javatools/jscreator/reference/tips/2/jaas_authentication.html
28Sun Developer Network (SDN) http://java.sun.com/products/jaas/
29刘晓华等. 精通 Java 和新技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.8:453-454
30SSL 技术专题 http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/special/ssl.asp
31Henry Bequet, et al. Beginning Java Web Services. Wrox Press Ltd, 2002
32赵强,乔新亮. J2EE 应用开发(WebLogic+JBuilder)[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003.7
33欧阳纯萍,李业荣. 快速构建基于 J2EE 的电子商务应用[J]. 广西科学院学报,2006.2
34张丽. 使用 PHP 和 MySQL 进行 Web 开发[J]. 电脑知识与技术:学术交流,2006.9
35Robert Englander. Developing Java Beans. O’Reilly, 1997
36Struts, an open-source MVC implementation. ftp://www6.software.ibm.com/software/developer/library/j-struts.pdf
37Muhammad Younas, et al. An efficient composition of Web services with active network support. Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 31, Issue 4, November 2006, Pages 859-869
38Struts http://struts.apache.org/
39Web 应用框架-Struts 实用专题 http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/techspecial/struts/
40http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObject
41http://static.itpost.cn/java/87/posts/87153923.shtml
42Exception management and error tracking in J2EE. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2005/jw-0711-exception.html
43James E. Johnson, et al. Formal specification of a Web services protocol. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 20 July 2006
44H.M.Deitel, et al. Web Services- A Technical Introduction. Prentice Hall, 2003
45M. Weiss, et al. Towards a classification of web service feature interactions. Computer Networks, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 14 September 2006
46Boualem Benatallah, et al. Representing, analyzing and managing Web service protocols. Data & Knowledge Engineering, Volume 58, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 327-357
47James Snell, et al. Programming Web Services With SOAP. O’Reilly Publishers, 2002
48Ramesh Nagappan, et al. Developing Java Web Services: Architecting and Developing Secure Web Services Using Java. Wiley Publishing, Inc, 2003
49UML 建模风格之顺序图 http://www.itisedu.com/04/200604161958290.asp
50Steve Graham, et al. Building Web services with Java: making sense of XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. Indianapolis, Ind.: Sams, 2002
51The Apache Jakarta Project http://jakarta.apache.org/jmeter/
52王秀.谈软件工程中软件测试的重要性及方法[J],天津成人高等学校联合学报 2004.3:76-78
53http://www.goldpractices.com/practices/gqm/index.php
54李亚红,郝克刚等. 基于 GQM 模型的软件项目进度的度量过程[J]. 计算机应用,2005.6:1448-1550
55杨基平,余忠华. GQM 方法及其应用研究[J]. 制造业自动化,2003.6:20-23.
56GOAL-QUESTION-METRIC (GQM) APPROACH
57Jae Yeol Lee, et al. Process-centric engineering Web services in a distributed and collaborative environment. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume 51, Issue 2, October 2006, Pages 297-308
58Java Programming Resources http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/
59基于 Struts 技术的 Web 应用设计与实现 http://www.webjx.com/htmldata/2006-10-16/1160953876.html
60讨论:用 DAO 模式有什么好处?http://www.javaeye.com/topic/20216
61Logging Services http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/
62SSL http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SSL.html
63程超,冯军等. JBuilder9.0 程序设计—Java 程序员成功之路[M]. 中国水利水电出版社,2004.
64安全策略 http://man.chinaunix.net/linux/debian/debian_learning/ch10s02.html
[1] 蔡月茹,柳西玲. Web Service 基础教程 [M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005:20-35
[2] [美] Keith Ballinger 著,张晓坤等译. .NET Web Services 架构与实现[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004:13
[3] 罗新星,陈伟谋. 利用 WEB SERVICES 集成管理信息系统中的 WEB 应用[J],计算机系统应用 2003.6:38-40
[4] [加]李劲. 动态电子商务中的 Web 服务[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2002.11
[5] 孙杰,林红桔. 采用 DAO 模式实现 J2EE 数据访问层[J],仪器仪表用户2005.1:88-90
[6] 张文东,潘琪等. DAO 模式在 EJB 中的应用[J],计算机系统应用 2005.3: 50-52
[7] 肖爱华,汪诗林. J2EE 通用数据访问对象(DAO)模式设计与实现[J],计算机应用与软件 2005.9:136-138
[8] 柴晓路,梁宇奇. Web Services 技术、架构和应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[9] SOA and Web services 新手入门, http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/newto/websvc.html
[10] http://www.webservices.org
[11] WEB Service 的资源中介—UDDI 注册中心介绍 http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf
[12] WEB Service 的资源中介—UDDI 注册中心? http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf
[13] 李安渝等. Web Services 技术与实现[M], 北京:国防工业出版社,2003.1
[14] 架构 Web Service:为什么需要 Web 服务? http://www.hi-blue.com/technology/article/2447.asp
[15] 国航电子客票的发展. http://www.ccamagazine.com/listshow.asp?id=29&id1=1
[16] Process Modeling http://www2.umassd.edu/swpi/DesignInCS/processmodel.html
[17] Erich Gamma, et al. Design Pattern: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
[18] 孙卫琴. 精通 Structs: 基于 MVC 的 Java Web 设计与开发[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2004.8
[19] Introduction to Jakarta Struts Framework http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2001/09/11/jsp_servlets.html
[20] 王家骐,于海霞. 基于 MVC 设计模式的 WEB 应用框架研究[J],计算机与信息技术,2006.11
[21] Windows Security.com http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/Secure_Socket_Layer.html
[22] 如何绘制 UML 活动图(Activity Diagram) http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/tip-drawuml/index.html
[23] [美]阿卢尔(Alur,D.)等著,牛志奇等译. J2EE 核心模式[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[24] 基 于 JDBC 的 数 据 库 连 接 池 技 术 研 究 与 应 用http://java.ccidnet.com/art/3753/20061012/920043_1.html
[25] 数 据 库 连 接 池 技 术 在 JSP 数 据 库 访 问 中 的 应 用http://scholar.ilib.cn/abstract.aspx?A=wclj200501011
[26] Sun Developer Network (SDK): Chapter 8 Continued: Connection Pooling
[27] JAAS 验证 http://gceclub.sun.com.cn/prodtech/javatools/jscreator/reference/tips/2/jaasauthentication.html
[28] Sun Developer Network (SDN) http://java.sun.com/products/jaas/
[29] 刘晓华等. 精通 Java 和新技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.8:453-454
[30] SSL 技术专题 http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/special/ssl.asp
[31] Henry Bequet, et al. Beginning Java Web Services. Wrox Press Ltd, 2002
[32] 赵强,乔新亮. J2EE 应用开发(WebLogic+JBuilder)[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2003.7
[33] 欧阳纯萍,李业荣. 快速构建基于 J2EE 的电子商务应用[J]. 广西科学院学报,2006.2
[34] 张丽. 使用 PHP 和 MySQL 进行 Web 开发[J]. 电脑知识与技术:学术交流,2006.9
[35] Robert Englander. Developing Java Beans. O’Reilly, 1997
[36] Struts, an open-source MVC implementation. ftp://www6.software.ibm.com/software/developer/library/j-struts.pdf
[37] Muhammad Younas, et al. An efficient composition of Web services with active network support. Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 31, Issue 4, November 2006, Pages 859-869
[38] Struts http://struts.apache.org/
[39] Web 应用框架-Struts 实用专题 http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/techspecial/struts/
[40] http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObject
[41] http://static.itpost.cn/java/87/posts/87153923.shtml
[42] Exception management and error tracking in J2EE. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2005/jw-0711-exception.html
[43] James E. Johnson, et al. Formal specification of a Web services protocol. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 20 July 2006
[44] H.M.Deitel, et al. Web Services- A Technical Introduction. Prentice Hall, 2003
[45] M. Weiss, et al. Towards a classification of web service feature interactions. Computer Networks, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 14 September 2006
[46] Boualem Benatallah, et al. Representing, analyzing and managing Web service protocols. Data & Knowledge Engineering, Volume 58, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 327-357
[47] James Snell, et al. Programming Web Services With SOAP. O’Reilly Publishers, 2002
[48] Ramesh Nagappan, et al. Developing Java Web Services: Architecting and Developing Secure Web Services Using Java. Wiley Publishing, Inc, 2003
[49] UML 建模风格之顺序图 http://www.itisedu.com/04/200604161958290.asp
[50] Steve Graham, et al. Building Web services with Java: making sense of XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. Indianapolis, Ind.: Sams, 2002
[51] The Apache Jakarta Project http://jakarta.apache.org/jmeter/
[52] 王秀.谈软件工程中软件测试的重要性及方法[J],天津成人高等学校联合学报 2004.3:76-78
[53] http://www.goldpractices.com/practices/gqm/index.php
[54] 李亚红,郝克刚等. 基于 GQM 模型的软件项目进度的度量过程[J]. 计算机应用,2005.6:1448-1550
[55] 杨基平,余忠华. GQM 方法及其应用研究[J]. 制造业自动化,2003.6:20-23.
[56] GOAL-QUESTION-METRIC (GQM) APPROACH
[57] Jae Yeol Lee, et al. Process-centric engineering Web services in a distributed and collaborative environment. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume 51, Issue 2, October 2006, Pages 297-308
[58] Java Programming Resources http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/
[59] 基于 Struts 技术的 Web 应用设计与实现 http://www.webjx.com/htmldata/2006-10-16/1160953876.html
[60] 讨论:用 DAO 模式有什么好处?http://www.javaeye.com/topic/20216
[61] Logging Services http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/
[62] SSL http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SSL.html
[63] 程超,冯军等. JBuilder9.0 程序设计—Java 程序员成功之路[M]. 中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[64] 安全策略 http://man.chinaunix.net/linux/debian/debian_learning/ch10s02.html
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