用户名: 密码: 验证码:
有机生态型无土栽培番茄营养生理与优化施肥研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
番茄是我国设施栽培的主要蔬菜作物之一,肥水调控不到位影响我国温室番茄产量的进一步提高。近年来我国在温室番茄短季节有机生态型无土栽培上,在基质、肥料和灌水等方面已进行了较深入的研究,但在有机生态型无土栽培长季节番茄的施肥技术及其营养生理方面,目前还未有系统的研究报道。本研究以番茄为试材,较系统地研究了在有机生态型无土栽培系统中,基质中EC和pH值的动态变化,根系复壮机理与调控措施、番茄对营养元素的吸收规律、番茄各生长阶段固态肥中适宜营养元素配比和量化指标,并对量化管理指标进行了生产验证。以期为长季节有机生态型无土栽培番茄生产提供理论依据和实际指导。得到如下研究结果:
     (1)建立了通过分期施肥提高有机生态型无土栽培基质pH和EC缓冲能力的调控措施。在采用固态肥代替化学营养液的有机生态型无土栽培系统中,定期追肥可以提高基质对pH和EC变化的缓冲能力,基质Ec和pH的变化范围可以满足番茄正常生长发育的需要。过量灌水会导致基质pH值升高(硬水地区)、EC值降低。
     (2)明确了在冬季低温季节施用芸苔素内酯等生长调节剂可显著提高根系活力、植株生长量和果实产量。云大-120 666mg/kg、爱多收333mg/kg+NAA 5 mg/kg处理番茄根系后的TTC还原强度分别为0.623 mg/h.g、0.558 mg/h.g,与对照相比差异达到1%极显著水平,同时植株生物量和产量都有明显提高,其中产量分别比对照提高13.42%、8.78%。
     (3)随着施肥量的增加,番茄根、茎、叶中的全氮、磷和钾含量也有所提高。但无论肥料用量的多少,在冬季低温季节,番茄根、茎和叶片中的氮、磷和钾含量都逐渐降低,这是由于低温季节基质温度低,根系活力降低,根系对氮、磷和钾元素的吸收量降低。
     (4)进一步明确了不同施肥量处理可调控氮、磷和钾在番茄植株各器官中的分配比例。中肥条件下,氮、磷和钾在果实中的分布明显高于低肥和高肥处理,这表明,中肥处理有利于氮、磷和钾元素向果实中运输,从而促进果实的生长。而高肥条件下氮、磷和钾在叶片中比例较高。
     (5)中肥处理基质中氮和钾含量基本保持不变,但基质中磷含量有上升的趋势,低肥处理基质中氮、磷和钾含量呈降低趋势,高肥处理基质中氮、磷和钾含量呈增加趋势,这表明适宜肥料用量有利于保持基质的供肥能力同时减少养分在基质中的积累,而高肥处理会导致基质含盐量升高。
     (6)通过施肥量与产量方程模型获得长季节番茄生产的推荐施肥量分别为:前期为N=0.72,P_2O_5=0.32,K_2O=1.04,中期为N=0.85,P_2O_5=0.22,K_2O=1.40,后期为N=0.78,P_2O_5=0.25,K_2O=1.27(单位:克/株·次);番茄生长中期和后期对氮和钾肥的需求量明显的高于前期的需求量。以推荐施肥量为基础设置的验证试验中,采用推荐施肥量的番茄前期、中期、后期产量和总产量分别达15.8 kg/小区、26.8 kg/小区、18.5 kg/小区和60.5 kg/小区,与通过模型获得的番茄理论产量基本一致,并且在所有处理中,采用推荐施肥量的各期产量都最高,并与对照达显著差异。说明通过方程模型所获得追肥配方和追肥量具有实际应用价值。建议长季节无土栽培过程中,番茄肥料的供给应采用分段式管理,中期和后期应增加氮和钾肥的供应,保持番茄植株营养生长与生殖生长的平衡。
Tomato is one of the staple vegetables in protected cultivation in China, The main factors whichaffect the yield of greenhouse tomato production are greenhouse environment, crop fertilization andirrigation management. Although in recent years much attention has been paid in growing media,fertilization and irrigation for short term tomato cultivation in Eco-organic type soilless culture (EOTSC)system in which crop is directly fed with solid fertilizer instead of nutrient solution, information onnutrient physiology of long term tomato cultivation in EOTSC system in greenhouse is scanty
     The present study was undertaken to examine dynamic change of EC and pH value in growingmedia, mechanism of root activity adjustment, absorption pattern of nutrient elements, optimumfertilization rate and its verification in field with tomato crop for long term cultivation in EOTSC systemin greenhouse. The main results are as follows:
     1. In EOTSC system which uses solid fertilizers rather than nutrient solution to feed plantsand just irrigates fresh water during the whole period of crop growth, top dressing fertilizerincreased the buffer capacity of pH and EC change in growing media. The range of pH and ECchange in substrates could be within the acceptable levels for meeting crop growth requirement as longas additional solid fertilizer was applied at suitable interval. Over irrigation would build up pH value(in hard water region) and decrease EC value in substrates. Further research activities would beexpected to carded out for adjustment techniques of optimum pH and EC level in growing media.
     2. In winter low temperature season, tomato root activity and leaf net photosynthesis rate could beenhanced by application of plant growth regulators, such as 2,4-D; yunda-120; uniconazole (UNI);salicylic acid (SA); NAA and compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN) in substrates. Tomato planttreated with yunda-120, CSN+NAA increased root activities by 0.623mg TTC/h.g and 0.558 mgTTC/h-g respectively which were very significant higher than that of control, enhanced leaf netphotosynthesis rate and plant stem growth, consequently increased tomato yield by 13.42% and 8.78%respectively as compared with control.
     3. With the amount of top dressing fertilizer (TDF) increasing, the content of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O inroot, stem and leaf of tomato plant increased. But whatever TDF amount was high or low, the content ofN, P_2O_5 and K_2O in root, stem and leaf of tomato plant decreased gradually in winter low temperatureseason as compared with those in fall or spring season, it was due to low temperature in substrates whichdecreased tomato root activity and further resulted in root absorption ability of N, P_2O_5 and K_2Odeclining,.
     4. On the condition of moderate fertilization, the percentage of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O distribution infruit was obviously higher than those of high fertilization and low fertilization treatment. It indicated thatmoderate fertilization increased the transportation of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O to fruit, and enhanced fruitgrowth and fruit yield. While high fertilization increased the transportation of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O to leavesand resulted in higher percentage of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O distribution in leaves.
     5. In moderate fertilization treatment, the content of N and K_2O in growing media maintained stable, and P_2O_5 content in growing media had a increasing trend; there was declining tendency in lowfertilization treatment and increasing tendency in high fertilization treatment in terms of the content of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O in growing media. It indicated that moderate fertilization could keep ability of supplyingnutrient elements to meet plant growth need and avoid the accumulation of nutrient elements in growingmedia, while high fertilization would build up salinity in growing media.
     6. By establishing related equation models between nutrient N, P, K fertilization rate (mixture oforganic and inorganic fertilizers) and yield of long term tomato cultivation at different growth stage inEOTSC system, the optimum fertilization rates at different growth stage of long term tomato productionwere recommended. The N, P_2O_5 and K_2O nutrient had significant effect on tomato early, middle andlate yield. The optimum fertilization rate of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 0.72 (g/plant/time, the same as thefollowing), 0.32 and 1.04 respectively during early growing stage of tomato; The demand for N and Kincreased during middle growth period, the optimum fertilization rate of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 0.85,0.22 and 1.40 respectively; And then demand for N and K slightly decreased during late growth period,the optimum fertilization rate of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 0.78, 0.25 and 1.27 respectively.
     In the verification trial on the basis of recommended fertilization rates, the early, middle, late andtotal yield of tomato fruits per plot by supplying recommended fertilization rates reached 15.8kg, 26.8kg,18.5kg and 60.5kg respectively; the yield was in line with the yield derived from the equation models.The yields in the treatment of supplying recommended fertilization rate were the highest, either early,middle, late yield or total yield, in all the treatments, and had significant differences as compared withthe control (conventional fertilization). It indicated that the recommended fertilization rates derived fromthe equation models could be applied in long term tomato cultivation.
引文
1.白纲义.有机生态型无土栽培营养特点及其生态意义.中国蔬菜,2000.增刊40~45。
    2.蔡雁平,刘明月.青花菜复合基质栽培的氮钾施用量探讨.湖南农业大学学报,1999.25(2):99~102。
    3.曹志洪.栽培基质的研制和产业化前景.中国科学院南京土壤所国际学术研讨会论文集,1998,248~254。
    4.柴伟国,潘晓利.利用西湖淤泥进行低成本有机型基质栽培试验.环境污染与防治,2003(2):113~115。
    5.陈建芳,张雪平.日光温室番茄有机生态型无土栽培技术.河南农业科学,1999.7:25~26。
    6.程斐,孙朝晖.芦苇末有机栽培基质的基本理化性能分析.南京农业大学学报,2001,24(3):19~22。
    7.陈丽平,赵方贵.邹志荣.有机生态型无土栽培辣椒的研究初报.莱阳农学院学报,2003,20(2):122~124。
    8.段崇香,于贤昌.日光温室有机基质栽培基质配方的研究.农业工程报,2002,18:193~196。
    9.段崇香,于贤昌.有机基麟培黄瓜化肥施用技术的研究.植物营养与肥料学报 2003,9(2):238~241
    10.傅松玲,傅玉兰.非洲菊有机生态型无土栽培基质的筛选.园艺学报,2001,28(6):538~543。
    11.高洪波,陈贵林.钙调素拮抗剂与Ca~(2+)对茄子幼苗抗冷性的影响.园艺学报 2002,29(3):243~246。
    12.高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导,西安:世界图书出版公司,2000,92~101。
    13.高夕全,刘爱荣,叶梅荣..水杨酸对水稻幼苗硝酸还原酶活性和根系生长的影响.安徽农业技术师范学院学报,2000,14(1)13~15。
    14.郭世荣主编.无土栽培学.北京:中国农业出版社,2003。
    15.郭世荣,李式军.有机基质在蔬菜无土栽培上的应用研究.沈阳农业大学学报,2000,31(1):89~92。
    16.郭仰东.冷处理对提高黄瓜抗寒性的研究.园艺学报,1994,21(1):101~102。
    17.黄云,廖铁军.欧国武等大棚蔬菜无土栽培固体基质筛选的研究.西北农业学报.2002.11(1):87~91。
    18.胡学玉,刘寒迁,张继铭.菠菜有机生态型基质栽培施肥技术研究.长江蔬菜,2003,02:34~35。
    19.蒋卫杰,郑光华.氮钾互作对蔬菜生长发育的影响.中国蔬菜,1992(2):46-50。
    20.蒋卫杰,郑光华,汪浩.有机生态型无土栽培技术及其营养生理基础.园艺学报 1996.23(2):139~144。
    21.蒋卫杰,郑光华,刘伟.有机生态型无土栽培技术.中国蔬菜,1997.3:53~54。
    22.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军.几种农产废弃物作为草炭替代物在无土栽培中的应用.农业工程学报,1998.14:177~180。
    23.蒋卫杰,刘伟,郑光华.蔬菜无土栽培新技术,北京:金盾出版社,1998。
    24.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军.有机生态型无土栽培技术,郑州:中原农民出版社,1998。
    25.蒋卫杰 刘伟 余宏军.蔬菜无土栽培100问,北京:中国农业出版社,1999。
    26.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军.我国有机生态型无土栽培技术研究.中国生态农业学报,2000.8(3):17~21。
    27.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军.有机生态型无土栽培的现状与展望.中国农业科技导报,2000.2(2):71~75。
    28.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军.无土栽培基质重复利用对番茄生长、产量和基质性状的影响.厦门大学学报,2001,40(2):37~42。
    29.蒋卫杰,余宏军,刘伟.有机生态型无土栽培技术研究进展,温室园艺.2005.8:34~35。
    30.蒋卫杰 余宏军.刘伟我国无土栽培的现状、问题和展望,温室园艺 2005.6:14~16。
    31.蒋卫杰 余宏军.蔬菜有机生态型无土栽培营养生理研究进展,中国蔬菜,2005.增刊:27~31。
    32.蒋卫杰,余宏军,朱德蔚,杜永臣.基质高产栽培番茄氮磷钾优化施肥方案研究,中国农业科 技导报,2006,8(5):45~49。
    33.井立军,邹志荣.中棚番茄产量的氮磷钾效应模式及最优施肥参数的确定.华北农学报,1999,14(3):86~90。
    34.阙瑞芬,张德威.番茄不同基质无土栽培的增产效果及生理分析.浙江农业学报,1991.3(2):73~78。
    35.李红,蒋卫杰,余宏军.植物生长调节剂对番茄幼苗生长的影响,华中农业大学学报2004.35:256~258。
    36.李谦盛,郭世荣.利用工农业有机废弃物生产优质无土栽培基质,自然资源学报,2002.17(4):515~519。
    37.李建勇,张勇.保护地蔬菜(黄瓜、番茄)有机基质型无土栽培技术.温室园艺,2004.7:44。
    38.李静,赵秀兰.无公害蔬菜无土栽培基质理化特性研究.西南农业大学学报,2000.22(2):112~115。
    39.李金凤,赵斌.植物激素云大-120对番茄产量及品质影响研究.辽宁农业科学,1998,5:45~47。
    40.李萍萍,胡永光,李式军.芦苇末有机基质在蔬菜栽培上应用效果的研究.沈阳农业大学学报,2000,31(1):93~95。
    41.李萍萍,胡永光.芦苇末有机基质在蔬菜栽培上应用效果的研究.沈阳农业大学学报,2002.30(1):93~95。
    42.李式军,高祖明等编译.现代无土栽培技术.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1988,25~26。
    43.李天林,沈冰.无土栽培中基质培选料的参考因素与发展趋势.石河子大学学报.1999.3(3):251~258。
    44.李远新,李进辉,何莉莉.氮磷钾配施对保护地番茄产量及品质的影响.中国蔬菜,1997(4):10-13。
    45.李志娟,蒋卫杰,余宏军.农产废弃物在无土栽培基质上的应用研究进展,河南农业大学学报,2003,Vol.37:16~21。
    46.连兆煌,李式军.无土栽培原理与技术.北京:中国农业出版社1994。
    47.林春华,黄亮华.配方施肥对基质栽培樱桃番茄产量品质和环境的影响.中国蔬菜,2000(1):11~13。
    48.林冠雄,蔡静波.不同腐熟基质栽培厚皮甜瓜的效应研究.中国西瓜甜瓜,1996(4):10~11。
    49.林忠平,胡鸢雷.植物抗逆性与水杨酸介导的信号传递途径的关系.植物学报,1997.39(2):185~189。
    50.林多,魏毓棠.番茄耐低温研究进展.沈阳农业大学学报,2000,31(6):585~589。
    51.刘更另主编.中国有机肥料.北京:农业出版社,1991。
    52.刘鹏.喜温作物的低温损伤及其抗冷性的研究进展.山东农业科学,2004,1:74~79。
    53.刘淑娴,张金云,高正辉.黄瓜有机生态型无土栽培基质的筛选.安徽农业科学,2003.31(4):549~550,552。
    54.刘士哲.蔗渣堆沤过程的变化特征与“有效C/N比值”的应用研究.华南农业大学学报,1994,4,7~12。
    55.刘士哲.现代实用无土栽培技术,北京:中国农业出版社,2001。
    56.刘伟,余宏军,蒋卫杰.温室番茄长季节无土栽培技术规程(一).中国蔬菜,2001.2:40~42。
    57.刘伟,余宏军,蒋卫杰.温室番茄长季节无土栽培技术规程(一).中国蔬菜,2001.3:41~42。
    58.刘伟,余宏军,蒋卫杰.我国蔬菜无土栽培基质研究与应用进民中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):4~7。
    59.罗安程,孙羲,章永松.有机肥对大麦根系生长的影响及可能机制,.土壤通报,1994.25(5):219~221。
    60.马利平,高芬,乔雄梧.家畜沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜枯萎病的防治及作用机理探析.植物病理学报,1999,29(3):270~274。
    61.马太和.无土栽培.北京:北京出版社,1985。
    62.买买提.S.T.,余宏军,蒋卫杰.追肥量对有机生态型无土栽培西瓜产量、品质和光合特性的影响,北京农学院学报,2006,21(2):17~19。
    63.毛天丰,寿伟林.海岛地区番茄有机基质栽培技术初探.上海蔬菜,2003.4:23~24。
    64.倪治华,马国瑞.有机无机生物活性肥料对蔬菜作物生长及土壤生物活性的影响.土壤通报,2002,33(3):212~215。
    65.潘敏方,吴敬才,赵金生.香石竹基质栽培技术的初步研究..福建农业科技,2000(1):39~40,38。
    66.蒲兴秀.番茄有机生态型无土栽培基质配方试验研究.温室园艺,2004.9:30~32。
    67.秦嘉海,陈广泉,肖占文.几种全营养混合基质的理化性状比较及在番茄生产中的应用.甘肃农业科技,2000.4:36~37。
    68.秦嘉海.番茄有机生态型无土栽培技术.西北园艺,2003.3:16~17。
    69.饶立兵,杨凯业,王婕琳.设施蔬菜有机生态型无土栽培.上海蔬菜,.2002.6:38~39。
    70.沈兵,胡蔼堂,郭琴.化肥追用量对基质栽培番茄产量与品质的影响.中国蔬菜,1999.2:33。
    71.沈兵,郭琴,杨静.复配基质培番茄追施化肥对其产量与品质影响.北方园艺,1999.4:5~6。
    72.沈其荣.有机肥氮素的矿化特征及其化学组成的关系.南京大学学报,1992,15(11):59~64。
    73.史吉平,董永华,姚永康.无土栽培中有机型基质肥料管理比较试验.上海农业学报,2003.19(3):76~79。
    74.史吉平,黄丹枫.几种复合基质栽培黄瓜和番茄的效果比较.长江蔬菜,2003.2:36~37。
    75.施伟,陈善娜,郭丽红.778诱导剂对植物生长状况及抗冷性变化的影响.云南大学学报2000,22(6):468~472。
    76.苏维埃.植物对温度逆境的适应.见:余叔文,汤章诚主编,植物生理与分子生物学(第二版),北京:科学出版社,2003,721~738。
    77.舒英杰,周玉丽.河西地区日光温室番茄有机生态型无土栽培技术.长江蔬菜,2004.6:16~17。
    78.覃雅芳,李章林,张建文.网纹甜瓜有机生态型无土栽培技术.江苏农业科学,2002.4:52~53。
    79.唐启义,冯明兴.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统,北京:科学出版社,2002。
    80.田吉林,汪寅虎.设施无土栽培基质的研究现状、存在问题与展望.上海农业学报,2000.16(4):87-92。
    81.田吉林,奚振邦.无土栽培基质的质量参数[孔隙性]研究.上海农业学报,2003.19(1)46~49。
    82.佟小刚,蒋卫杰,余宏军.无土栽培基质中的微生物及其对作物生长发育的影响.园艺学报,2005.32(3):544~550。
    83.汪浩,郑光华.消毒鸡粪在无土栽培番茄中的应用.中国蔬菜,1992.3:31~32。
    84.汪浩,李立佐.消毒鸡粪在无土栽培番茄中的应用效果研究.中国蔬菜,1992.增刊:8~11。
    85.汪羞德,王方桃.设施栽培基质选择试验.中国科学院南京土壤研究所国际学术研讨会论文集,苏州:1998,255~261。
    86.王化.中国蔬菜无土栽培发展历史的初步探讨,上海蔬菜1997(1):11~12,42。
    87.王平.农业化学常用分析方法.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1979。
    88.王兴仁,张福锁.现代肥料试验设计.北京:中国农业出版社,1996。
    89.王毅,杨宏福,李树德.园艺植物冷害和抗冷性的研究.园艺学报,1994,21(3):239~244。
    90.魏荣彬,陈雅芝.番茄有机生态无土栽培技术.北方园艺,2003.4:19~21。
    91.魏国强,孙治强.不同施肥量对温室基质栽培番茄产量与品质的影响.河南农业大学学报,2000,34(4):385~387。
    92.吴德广,朱爽,王斌.有机生态型无土栽培以色列番茄.西北园艺,2003.7:22~23。
    93.藉修梅,孙治强.锯末基质发酵腐熟的理化性质及对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响.河南农业大学学报,2001.35(1):66~69。
    94.邢禹贤.新编无土栽培原理与技术.北京:中国农业出版社,2002。
    95.休伊特E.J 植物营养研究的砂培与水培法 北京:科学出版社,1965,38~47。
    96.徐刚.瓜果类蔬菜有机基质栽培技术研究.南京农专学报,2003(1):28~32。
    97.徐自尚,王树勋,肖炳麟.烯效唑的作用机理及应用效果.安徽农业科学,2000,28(3):339~341。
    98.严秀琴,徐东生,龚宗浩.园艺作物有机型基质栽培.上海农业科技,2003.1:45~46。
    99.杨慧玲,孙治强.不同基质肥料配方对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响.河南农业大学学报,2002,36(1):70~74。
    100.伊鸿平,吴明珠,冯炯鑫.哈密瓜有机生态型无土栽培技术研究.中国西瓜甜瓜,2000(2):2~4。
    101.余宏军,蒋卫杰.灌水量对春茬基质栽培西瓜产量的影响.河南农业大学学报,2003,37:52~55。
    102.余宏军,刘伟,蒋卫杰.灌水量对基质培番茄生长和产量的影响,中国蔬菜,2004.1:32~33。
    103.余宏军,蒋卫杰,刘伟.蔬菜无土栽培问答,北京:中国农业出版社,2004。
    104.余宏军,蒋卫杰.氮磷钾追肥用量对春茬日光温室基质培甜椒产量的影响,华中农业大学学报,2004.35:226~229。
    105.余允贵.无土栽培番茄和黄瓜的培养基选择,浙江农业大学学报,1989.15(1):67~72。
    106.赵九州,陈洁敏.六种无土栽培代用基质理化特性的比较.莱阳农学院学报,2001.18(3):161-164。
    107.张福墁.设施园艺学,北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001。
    108.郑光华.无土栽培的生产成本与发展前景.农业工程学报,1988,(1):65~67。
    109.郑光华,汪浩.蔬菜花卉无土栽培技术,上海:上海科技出版社,1990。
    110.郑光华,刘学军.应用消毒有机肥代替营养液的无土栽培方法.中国蔬,1992.增刊:15~20。
    111.郑光华,蒋卫杰.消毒鸡粪在樱桃番茄无土栽培中的应用效果.北方园艺,1994,4:5~7。
    112.郑光华,蒋卫杰.无公害有机生态型无土栽培技术.中国菜篮子工程.中国农业出版社,1995.289~298。
    113.郑光华,罗斌.绿色食品蔬菜——21世纪设施农业的主导产品.中国蔬菜,1999.1:1~3。
    114.郑光华.发展有机蔬菜是我国蔬菜生产的必由之路.中国蔬菜,2000.增刊:1~6。
    115.张德威,牟咏花.几种无土栽培基质的理化性质.浙江农业学报, 1993,5(3):166~171。
    116.张军民.番茄有机生态型无土栽培配方施肥综合栽培技术研究.北方园艺,2005(1):41~43。
    117.中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会.土壤农业化学常规分析方法.北京:科学出版社,1983。
    118.邹琦.植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,2000,p62~63。
    119.周建昭,黄云.商品有机肥对甜椒营养效应的研究.西南农业大学学报,2003,25(1):73~768。
    120.周崇峻,邹德乙,王春枝.腐殖酸液肥在无土栽培中应用对番茄产量和品质的影响初报.辽宁农业科学,2000.6:45~47。
    121.周国治,杨悦俭,王荣青.温室越冬番茄长季节无土栽培技术.上海蔬菜,2003.5:22~24。
    122.周艳丽,程智慧,孟焕文.有机基质配比对番茄生长发育及产量和品质的影响.西北农林科技 大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(1):79~82。
    123.朱世东,徐文娟.多功能营养型无土栽培基质的特性研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(4):425~428。
    124. Aendekerk T. L., Reober R., Decomposition of peat substrates in relation to physical properties and growth of chamaecyparis. Acta-Horticulturae, 1997, 450:191~198.
    125. Baudoin W.O., Winsor G.W. and Schwarz M., Soilless culture for horticultural crop production. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 101, Rome. 1990.
    126. Balliu A, Ibro V. Influence of different levels of potassium fertilizers on growth, yield and ascorbic acid content of tomato fruit grown in non-heated greenhouse. Acta Horti.,2002,579:385~388.
    127. Bilderback T.E., Fontano W.C.. Physical properties of media composted of peanut hulls, pine bark and peat moss and their effect on azalea growth. J.Am.S.c.Hort.Sci, 1982, 107: 522~525.
    128. Boodt D. M., Verdonck O.. The physical properties of the substrates in horticulture. Acta-Horti, 1983, 26:37~44.
    129. Carlile W.R., Wilson D.P.. Microbial activity in growing media—a brief review. Acta Horticulturae, 1991, 294: 197~206.
    130. Chen Y., Inbar Y.. The use of slurry produced by methayogentic fermenation of cow manure as a peat substitute in horticulture physical and chemical characteristics. Acta-hort,1984,150:553~561.
    131. Chen Y., Inbar Y..Composted agricultural wastes as potting media for ornamental plants. Soil science, 1988, 145: 298~302.
    132. Eltez B.Z.,Gul A., Tuzel Y.. Effects of various growing media on eggplant and pepper seedling quality. Acta Horticulturae. 1994.366:257~264.
    133. Gerald K S.. Quality control and use If composted rrganic wasters as components of growing media in the federal republic of Gemany. Acta-hort, 1991, 294: 89~99.
    134.Gerrit W..Growing media in the Netheflands[A],中国科学院南京土壤研究所国际学术研讨会论文集,苏州:1998,235~247。
    135. Hoitink J., Kuter G.A.. Role of composts in suppression of soilborne plant Pathogens of ornamental plants. Biocycle Journal of Waste Recycling, 1984, 25(4): 40~42.
    136. Inbar Y., Chen Y.. The use of composted separated cattle manure and grape mare as peat substitute in horticulture. Acta-hort,1986,178:147~154.
    137. Inbar Y., Chen Y.. The use of composted slurry produced by methanogenic fermentation of cow manure as a growth media. Acta-hort, 1985, 172: 75~83.
    138. Jenkins S. F., Averre C.W.. Root diseases of vegetables in hydroponic culture systems in North Carolina greenhouses. Plant Disease, 1983, 67(9): 968~973.
    139. Jenkins J.R. Jarrell W.M.. predicting physical and chemical properties of container mixtures. HortScience 1989.24:292~295.
    140. Jensen M.H., Collins W.L.. Hydroponic vegetable production. Horticultural Reviews 1985.7:483~538.
    141. Jensen M.H., Malter A.J.. Protected agriculture. World Bank Technical Paper 253. World Bank, Washington, D.C. 1994.
    142. Jiang W.J.,Zheng G.H.,Liu W.,Yu H.J..Evaluation and Application of Various Low Cost and Environmentally Friendly Materials as Substrates for Soilless Cultivation of Greenhouse Crops,J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.1998. Vol.67 No.1 P167。
    143. Jiang W.J.,Liu W.,Yu H.J.,Zheng G.H..Development of Soilless Culture in Mainland China,Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2001. 17(1) :10~15。
    144. Jiang W.J.,Liu W.,Yu H.J.,Zhu D.W..Dynamic Change of pH and EC Value in Substrate Culture Using Directly Solid Fertilizers Instead of Nutrient Solution,Acta Horti..2003. 609. P453~458。
    145. Jiang W.J.,Yu H.J.,Zhu D.W..Development of Eco-organic Type Soilless Culture in Mainland China.Acta Horticulturae,2004,633:295~300。
    146. Kuehny J.S.,Morales B..Effects of Salinity and Alkalinity on Pansy and Impatiens in Three Different Growing Media.J.of Plant Nutrition 1998. 21(5) :1011~1023。
    147. Lemaire E.Physical,chemical and biological properties of growing medium.Acta Hort,1995,396:273~284。
    148. Lemaire F..The problem of the biostability in organic substrate.Acta Hort,1997,490:63~69
    149. Louvet J..The relationship between substrates and plant diseases.Acta Horti.1981,126:147~152。
    150. Niedaiela C.E.,Nelson.P.V..A rapid method for determining physical properties of undisturbed substrates.Hortscience,1992. 27(12) :1279~1280。
    151. Niemera A X,Wright R D..Influence of temperature on nitrification in a pine bark medium.Horticultural Science,1987,22(4) :615~616。
    152. Ozawa K.,Yamamura M.,Okada M..Rice-chaff and soil composite as acultural medium for vegetables seedlings,ActaHorticulturae 1992. 319:407~412。
    153. Penningsfeld F..Substrates for protected cropping.Acta-Horticulturae,1978,82:13~22。
    154. Pinamontia F.,Stringari G..Use of compost in soilless cultivation.Compost science and utilization,1997,52:38~46。
    155. Prasad M.,Maher J..Physical and chemical properties of fractionated peat.Acta-Horticulturae,1993,342:257~264。
    156. Rab A.,Saltveit M.E..Differential Chilling Sensitivity in Cucumber(Cucumis sativus)Seedlings.Physiol Plant,1996,96:375~382。
    157. Sharma A R,Mittra B N..Effect of combinations of organic materials and nitrogen fertilizer on growth,yield and nitrogen uptake of rice.Journal of Agricultural Science,1988,111(3) :495~501。
    158. Siddiqui Z.A..Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and composed organic fertilizers on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita and tomato growth.Bioresource Technology,2004,95:223~227。
    159. Slobraa K..Bark as growth medium.Acta Horticulturae,1986,178:129~135。
    160. Smith I.E..Pine bark as a seedling growing medium.Acta Horticultirae,1992. 319:395-400。
    161. Summerell B.A,Burgess L.W..Decomposition and chemical composition of cereal straw.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1989,21:551~559.
    162. Tachibana S J..Comparison of effect root temperature on the growth and mineral nutrition of cucumber cultivars and figleaf gourd.J Japan Soc Sci,1982,51(3) :299~308。
    163. Verdonck O.,De Boodt M..Compost as a growing medium for horticultural plants compost:Production Qrality and Use.London,1986,399~405。
    164. Wilson D.,Carlile W..Plant growth in potting media containing worm worked duck waste.Acta-hort,1989,238:205~220。
    165. Winsor,G.W.,Schwarz M..Soilless culture for horticultural crop production.FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 101. Rome.1990。
    166. Worral R.J..The use of composted wood waste as a peat substitute.Acta hort,1978,82:79~86。
    167. Yong C.J.Ju C.S..Rhizosphere microorganism of hydroponically growth cherry tomato and melon plant in substrate culture.J.of the Korean Society for Horticulture Sci.,1997,38(5) :468~473。

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700