李中梓治泻九法的理论依据和运用要素
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摘要
目的：以明代医家李中梓“治泻九法”为研究基点,以古今著名医家对各法的相关论述为参照,通过对“九法”学术信息的深入解读和详细补遗,究明各法发展源流,揭示其理论内涵,并紧密结合临床,详析其运用标准,以期对名家学术经验进行更好地学习继承,提高现实运用价值。
方法：
①文献资料收集
以李中梓《医宗必读》治疗泄泻之说为核心,通求古今,系统讨论古代名家对各法的认识和发展,充实各法含义和内容。
②理论探讨
全面、系统、深入地对“九法”作医学内涵、运用标准方面的解读,阐明理用关系。
③临床研究
总结李氏运用各法时遣方用药的独具匠心,常用代表方药,及其加减化裁的灵机巧变,在此基础上,进一步阐明九法的现实运用标准和现实运用方法。
结果：以李氏提出的“淡渗”、“升提”、“清凉”、“疏利”、“甘缓”、“酸收”、“燥脾”、“温肾”、“固涩”九法为纲,以发展源流、理论依据、适应证、运用要点为目,全面分类归纳研究,以期为临床工作者提供全面的参考依据。
结论：李氏“治泻九法”是经过高度提炼的临证精华。九法的提出,目的在于,“授人以渔”——示人以法,而不是“授人以鱼”——机械照搬某法或某方。由于临床的具体病证往往矛盾交织,九法的运用,也就需要灵活变通,或消补同用,或温涩合用,或寒热并用,或数法兼施。如机械照搬,死守一法一方,则无异于刻舟求剑,其结果必然是法死笔下,药害病家,使李氏心法淹没不彰。治疗当在知常基础上做到达变,才能辨惑析疑得其成。
OBJECTIVE:To study the production and development Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea by the famous doctor Li Zhongzhi in Ming Dynasty, reveal the theoretical definition and analyze the criteria associated with clinical application based on their clarification by other famous doctors in the history and modern through further explanation and intensive supplement on the Nine Methods, so as to study and develop the academic theories and clinical experiences by famous doctor in the history and improve the value for clinical application.
METHODS:
1. Collection of literature:Based on the explanations for treating diarrhea in Required Readings from the Medical Ancestors (Yi Zong Bi Du) by Li Zhongzhi, literatures and documents about the Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea were collected from the history to nowadays, then conceptions and contents about the recognition and development of Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea were supplemented.
2. Theoretical classification:The prefund explanation for medical definition and criteria of application of the Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea were clarified deeply, overall and completely to confirm the reason-result relationship.
3. Clinical research:The features, presenting formula and herbs, and flexibility of modification by Li Zhongzhi were extracted. Additionally, the criteria and methods for applying the Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea in modern time were clarified.
RESULTS:The Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea including Draining dampness, Ascending, Clearing, Regulating, Relaxing by the Sweet, Astringing by the Sour, Drying the Spleen, Warming the Kidney and Controlling, by Li Zhongzhi, were taken the development, theoretical gist, indications and application factors as the guideline, to provide the overall evidence for clinical practitioners through the classification.
CONCLUSIONS:The Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea by Li Zhongzhi, are essence for clinical application after intensive extract. The production of Nine Methods is to indicate the method and regulation, instead of copying a certain method or formula. The application of the Nine Methods should be flexible and modified because diseases are always full of contradictions, such as reducing combined with supplementing, warming combined with astringing, cooling combined with warming, several methods combined. When one takes a method or a formula as a fixed way, leading to Nine Methods without vitality, patients will be affected and the experience of Li Zhongzhi will be misunderstood and loose the value. The success can be achieved after analyzing confusing points when one learn how to make the modification depending on the Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea.
方法：
①文献资料收集
以李中梓《医宗必读》治疗泄泻之说为核心,通求古今,系统讨论古代名家对各法的认识和发展,充实各法含义和内容。
②理论探讨
全面、系统、深入地对“九法”作医学内涵、运用标准方面的解读,阐明理用关系。
③临床研究
总结李氏运用各法时遣方用药的独具匠心,常用代表方药,及其加减化裁的灵机巧变,在此基础上,进一步阐明九法的现实运用标准和现实运用方法。
结果：以李氏提出的“淡渗”、“升提”、“清凉”、“疏利”、“甘缓”、“酸收”、“燥脾”、“温肾”、“固涩”九法为纲,以发展源流、理论依据、适应证、运用要点为目,全面分类归纳研究,以期为临床工作者提供全面的参考依据。
结论：李氏“治泻九法”是经过高度提炼的临证精华。九法的提出,目的在于,“授人以渔”——示人以法,而不是“授人以鱼”——机械照搬某法或某方。由于临床的具体病证往往矛盾交织,九法的运用,也就需要灵活变通,或消补同用,或温涩合用,或寒热并用,或数法兼施。如机械照搬,死守一法一方,则无异于刻舟求剑,其结果必然是法死笔下,药害病家,使李氏心法淹没不彰。治疗当在知常基础上做到达变,才能辨惑析疑得其成。
OBJECTIVE:To study the production and development Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea by the famous doctor Li Zhongzhi in Ming Dynasty, reveal the theoretical definition and analyze the criteria associated with clinical application based on their clarification by other famous doctors in the history and modern through further explanation and intensive supplement on the Nine Methods, so as to study and develop the academic theories and clinical experiences by famous doctor in the history and improve the value for clinical application.
METHODS:
1. Collection of literature:Based on the explanations for treating diarrhea in Required Readings from the Medical Ancestors (Yi Zong Bi Du) by Li Zhongzhi, literatures and documents about the Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea were collected from the history to nowadays, then conceptions and contents about the recognition and development of Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea were supplemented.
2. Theoretical classification:The prefund explanation for medical definition and criteria of application of the Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea were clarified deeply, overall and completely to confirm the reason-result relationship.
3. Clinical research:The features, presenting formula and herbs, and flexibility of modification by Li Zhongzhi were extracted. Additionally, the criteria and methods for applying the Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea in modern time were clarified.
RESULTS:The Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea including Draining dampness, Ascending, Clearing, Regulating, Relaxing by the Sweet, Astringing by the Sour, Drying the Spleen, Warming the Kidney and Controlling, by Li Zhongzhi, were taken the development, theoretical gist, indications and application factors as the guideline, to provide the overall evidence for clinical practitioners through the classification.
CONCLUSIONS:The Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea by Li Zhongzhi, are essence for clinical application after intensive extract. The production of Nine Methods is to indicate the method and regulation, instead of copying a certain method or formula. The application of the Nine Methods should be flexible and modified because diseases are always full of contradictions, such as reducing combined with supplementing, warming combined with astringing, cooling combined with warming, several methods combined. When one takes a method or a formula as a fixed way, leading to Nine Methods without vitality, patients will be affected and the experience of Li Zhongzhi will be misunderstood and loose the value. The success can be achieved after analyzing confusing points when one learn how to make the modification depending on the Nine Methods of Treating diarrhea.
引文
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