深埋高地应力条件下的隧道支护技术研究
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摘要
隧道作为一种重要的地下建筑物,在交通、地下开矿、水利等工程领域起着重要的作用。随着高等级公路隧道、铁路隧道、水工隧道的修建,人们积累了越来越多的隧道支护经验,隧道支护技术不断向前发展。然而对于处在高地应力环境中的深埋隧道,面对的问题较为复杂,这些使得隧道支护难度偏高和费用增大,此外,其固有的安全性隐患(岩爆、大变形)也难以得到有效避免。根据对国内外深埋隧道施工阶段岩爆防止措施的总结以及岩爆发生理论的研究,改进了在岩爆发生条件下,深埋隧道的支护方案—初期支护采用锚杆和喷射混凝土支护,二次衬砌采用模筑维混凝土,对改进支护的有效性,保证施工安全具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。
深埋隧道穿越高地应力区,隧道开挖并引起局部地应力的突然释放将在洞周附近岩石中形成较大的二次应力,这种现象达到一定条件时,隧道局部可能发生岩爆,将给隧道施工造成隐患。因此隧洞在众多荷载的作用下能否稳定以及采取何种支护措施是本文需解决的主要问题。
最后,应用有限元软件FLAC3D以某一穿越高地应力条件下的三级围岩公路隧道为背景,针对别人使用钢纤维混凝土和素混凝土作喷层支护材料的两种情况,对支护层力场、围岩应变场进行详细的分析,并将所得两组数据进行比较分析。通过对钢纤维混凝土喷层厚度参数的多次选取与计算,以及对比素混凝土的喷层厚度,证明使用钢纤维混凝土支护好于素混凝土。因而认为钢纤维混凝土应成为高地应力条件下的有岩爆倾向的隧道支护首选。
As a kind of important underground structure, tunnel is very useful at many fields such as the traffic, coal mining and water conservancy. With the construction of high-grade highway tunnel, railway tunnel and hydraulic tunnel, a lot of experiences on tunnel support are accumulated, which results in the advancement of tunnel support technology. However for high stress deep tunnel, support appears complicated problems, which increases the support difficulty and cost, besides, its natural safe hidden trouble such as rock-burst, large deformation cannot avoid. According to the summary of rock-burst’s prevention method during deep tunnel construction stage and rock-burst’s appearance theory at home and abroad ,this paper improves the support plan of deep tunnel under the condition of rock-burst: primary lining uses bolts and shotcrete, secondary lining uses mold casting concrete, which for that improving the support effectiveness and ensuring the construction safe has some theoretical and application value.
Deep tunnel crosses the high ground stress area, tunnel excavation will lead to local ground stress sudden release and redistribution around tunnel, which forming high secondary ground stress, when secondary ground stress increase to some level, part of tunnel will appear rock-burst, it brings up hidden trouble to tunnel construction. This paper focuses on the stability of tunnel which under many load and the tunnel support plan.
Finally, under the background of a tunnel crossing high ground stress grade 3 surrounding rock, based on the conditions of using steel fiber reinforced shotcrete and using plain shotcrete, uses software FLAC3D to calculate and analyze the lining stress field, surrounding rock strain field, The obtained two groups of data is compared. According to many times selections and calculation of thickness of steel fiber reinforced shotcrete and plain shotcrete, it proves that steel fiber reinforced shotcrete better than plain shotcrete on support effect. So steel fiber reinforced shotcrete should be the first choice for tunnel support on the condition of tunnel crossing high ground stress and having rock-burst tendency.
深埋隧道穿越高地应力区,隧道开挖并引起局部地应力的突然释放将在洞周附近岩石中形成较大的二次应力,这种现象达到一定条件时,隧道局部可能发生岩爆,将给隧道施工造成隐患。因此隧洞在众多荷载的作用下能否稳定以及采取何种支护措施是本文需解决的主要问题。
最后,应用有限元软件FLAC3D以某一穿越高地应力条件下的三级围岩公路隧道为背景,针对别人使用钢纤维混凝土和素混凝土作喷层支护材料的两种情况,对支护层力场、围岩应变场进行详细的分析,并将所得两组数据进行比较分析。通过对钢纤维混凝土喷层厚度参数的多次选取与计算,以及对比素混凝土的喷层厚度,证明使用钢纤维混凝土支护好于素混凝土。因而认为钢纤维混凝土应成为高地应力条件下的有岩爆倾向的隧道支护首选。
As a kind of important underground structure, tunnel is very useful at many fields such as the traffic, coal mining and water conservancy. With the construction of high-grade highway tunnel, railway tunnel and hydraulic tunnel, a lot of experiences on tunnel support are accumulated, which results in the advancement of tunnel support technology. However for high stress deep tunnel, support appears complicated problems, which increases the support difficulty and cost, besides, its natural safe hidden trouble such as rock-burst, large deformation cannot avoid. According to the summary of rock-burst’s prevention method during deep tunnel construction stage and rock-burst’s appearance theory at home and abroad ,this paper improves the support plan of deep tunnel under the condition of rock-burst: primary lining uses bolts and shotcrete, secondary lining uses mold casting concrete, which for that improving the support effectiveness and ensuring the construction safe has some theoretical and application value.
Deep tunnel crosses the high ground stress area, tunnel excavation will lead to local ground stress sudden release and redistribution around tunnel, which forming high secondary ground stress, when secondary ground stress increase to some level, part of tunnel will appear rock-burst, it brings up hidden trouble to tunnel construction. This paper focuses on the stability of tunnel which under many load and the tunnel support plan.
Finally, under the background of a tunnel crossing high ground stress grade 3 surrounding rock, based on the conditions of using steel fiber reinforced shotcrete and using plain shotcrete, uses software FLAC3D to calculate and analyze the lining stress field, surrounding rock strain field, The obtained two groups of data is compared. According to many times selections and calculation of thickness of steel fiber reinforced shotcrete and plain shotcrete, it proves that steel fiber reinforced shotcrete better than plain shotcrete on support effect. So steel fiber reinforced shotcrete should be the first choice for tunnel support on the condition of tunnel crossing high ground stress and having rock-burst tendency.
引文
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