青海德尔尼铜矿成矿背景、矿床成因与找矿方向
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摘要
德尔尼铜矿床位于青海省玛沁县积石山中段德尔尼山南坡,是一个以铜锌为主,钴等多元素可综合利用的矿床,在储量上包含1个大型(硫)、4个大型(铜、锌钴、金、硒)、3个中型(锌、银、镉)、1个小型(镓)共达9个之多的综合性矿床,又是一个蛇纹岩储量巨大能制造优质钙镁磷肥的非金属矿床。上世纪末之前,该矿床尚属“呆矿”,随着国民经济的不断发展和交通条件的改善,现今该矿床已被国内上市矿业公司—紫金矿业公司利用,并实施开采。
由于该矿所地处高海拔地区,另外由于所处的特殊地质位置,对其构造背景及构造环境需要研究的问题较多,加之近年随着地质工作投入加大,对该矿床又有了新的地质发现,因此选择本文题目开展研究,有一定实际意义。
论文初步探讨了德尔尼地质背景,结合前人德尔尼矿区矿床地质情况及矿区新发现,重点以矿体顶部的一套沉积岩(铁硅质板岩)为突破,以矿区矿石探针数据与其他矿石标型矿物进行对比,以及内外典型矿床进行对比,结合矿体中磁黄铁矿分布规律,初步探讨了矿床成因。并通过对以往成矿规律及找矿标志总结、分析前人对矿区角砾状蛇纹岩与矿体关系,结合遥感影像解译图像、资料,探索找矿方向,以下为取得的主要认识:
1.通过对阿尼玛卿构造沉积混杂岩和蛇绿岩以及构造蛇绿混杂岩的物质组成、产出位置、构造变形以及区域构造资料综合研究,阐明了矿区所处构造单元背景,即在次一级构造单元上正处于勉略-阿尼玛卿构造带的西段部位。并对该区域石炭纪以来的构造演化过程进行初步归纳。
2.通过矿床地质特征及赋矿围岩研究,明确了沉积岩对于成矿环境的判别具有重要意义。进而对该沉积岩与矿区外围的沉积岩进行对比,确定他们为两种不同成分,不同成因的岩石。矿体顶部的沉积岩可称作含炭铁硅质板岩,而后者则称为含炭铝硅质板岩。该铁硅质板岩可与国内外典型矿床的“铁硅质岩”进行分析对比,Al—Fe—Mn三角图解,确定其为热液成因,从而为德尔尼矿床的成因及成矿过程研究提供了佐证。
3.通过对矿石中磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿及闪锌矿矿物成分电子探针测试研究,并与喀拉通克铜镍矿床(磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿)、金堆城八里坡斑岩钼矿床(闪锌矿、黄铁矿)成分对比,结果显示,德尔尼铜矿床与岩浆熔离矿床和与花岗岩有关的热液矿床有较大区别。结合其他资料综合研究认为德尔尼矿床的成矿经历了海底喷流沉积—热液叠加的过程。
4.依据本文研究,结合资料综合分析,获得区域成矿规律的4点认识,总结了找矿的7条标志,提出今后找矿的2个方向。
DeerNi copper deposits in the middle of Maqin County ,Qinghai Province Shan southern slope of Deer Ni, Cu, Zn, is a mainly cobalt and other elements can be more comprehensive utilization of the deposit, in the reserves that contain a large (S), four large-scale (Copper, zinc cobalt, gold, selenium), three medium-sized (zinc, silver, cadmium), a small (Ga) a total of nine the number of comprehensive deposit. But also a serpentinite huge reserves can create high-quality FCMP the non-metallic deposit. Before the end of the last century, the deposit is the "stay mine," With the continuous development of the national economy and the improvement of traffic conditions, the current deposit has been listed on the domestic mining companies - Zijin Mining companies use and implementation of mining.
As the mine is located in high altitude areas, and because the deposit is in a special geological location, its tectonic setting and structural environment more controversial in recent years as the geological work increased the deposit on a new progress .
This article is based on the above topics on the status quo.
Papers discussed Deer Ni geological background, with their predecessors DeerNi deposit in the mining area and found the new mining area, the focus at the top of the ore body to a set of sedimentary rocks (iron siliceous slate) for the breakthrough to mine ore with the probe data TYPOMORPHIC other mineral ores compared with the typical deposit at home and abroad compared with pyrrhotite ore body in the distribution of the preliminary study of the genesis. And through the mineralization of the past and prospecting signs summary of the previous mine breccia-serpentinite relations with the ore body, the combination of remote sensing image interpretation of images, data, explore the direction of exploration, the following is the main understanding:
1、Animaqing structure through the deposition mélange and ophiolite and tectonic ophiolite in the material composition, output location, structural deformation and comprehensive information on regional structure, stated in the mining area in the middle of a tectonic Mian on the unit is in a slightly - Animaqing structure with the western part of the site.
2、.The Deposit through geological features and Fugue on rock mining research, defined the sedimentary rocks for mineralization determine the environment is of great significance. Then the sedimentary rocks and sedimentary rocks outside the mining area compared to identify them as two different elements, different causes of the rock. Ore body at the top of the sedimentary rocks that could be described as containing carbon iron siliceous slate, while the latter known as the carbon content of Al-Si slate. The iron and silica slate at home and abroad typical deposit can be the "iron cherts" Comparative analysis, Al-Fe-Mn triangular diagram, for hydrothermal determine its causes, so as to the causes and Deer Ni deposit process of mineralization Provided important corroboration.
3、Through the ore in pyrrhotite, pyrite and sphalerite mineral composition of electronic probe studies, and Kalatongke grams of copper and nickel deposit (pyrrhotite, pyrite), the reactor City Pali Po Mo porphyry deposit (sphalerite, pyrite) components contrast, further confirmed the genesis of the type, and magma from the melting and granite deposits and the hydrothermal deposits are different. Combined with other information that comprehensive study of mineralization Deer Ni deposit has experienced submarine jet - + superposition of the deposition process.
Based on this research, comprehensive analysis of information, access to regional metallogenic 4:00 of the understanding, summing up the seven signs prospecting, exploration to the future direction of the two.
由于该矿所地处高海拔地区,另外由于所处的特殊地质位置,对其构造背景及构造环境需要研究的问题较多,加之近年随着地质工作投入加大,对该矿床又有了新的地质发现,因此选择本文题目开展研究,有一定实际意义。
论文初步探讨了德尔尼地质背景,结合前人德尔尼矿区矿床地质情况及矿区新发现,重点以矿体顶部的一套沉积岩(铁硅质板岩)为突破,以矿区矿石探针数据与其他矿石标型矿物进行对比,以及内外典型矿床进行对比,结合矿体中磁黄铁矿分布规律,初步探讨了矿床成因。并通过对以往成矿规律及找矿标志总结、分析前人对矿区角砾状蛇纹岩与矿体关系,结合遥感影像解译图像、资料,探索找矿方向,以下为取得的主要认识:
1.通过对阿尼玛卿构造沉积混杂岩和蛇绿岩以及构造蛇绿混杂岩的物质组成、产出位置、构造变形以及区域构造资料综合研究,阐明了矿区所处构造单元背景,即在次一级构造单元上正处于勉略-阿尼玛卿构造带的西段部位。并对该区域石炭纪以来的构造演化过程进行初步归纳。
2.通过矿床地质特征及赋矿围岩研究,明确了沉积岩对于成矿环境的判别具有重要意义。进而对该沉积岩与矿区外围的沉积岩进行对比,确定他们为两种不同成分,不同成因的岩石。矿体顶部的沉积岩可称作含炭铁硅质板岩,而后者则称为含炭铝硅质板岩。该铁硅质板岩可与国内外典型矿床的“铁硅质岩”进行分析对比,Al—Fe—Mn三角图解,确定其为热液成因,从而为德尔尼矿床的成因及成矿过程研究提供了佐证。
3.通过对矿石中磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿及闪锌矿矿物成分电子探针测试研究,并与喀拉通克铜镍矿床(磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿)、金堆城八里坡斑岩钼矿床(闪锌矿、黄铁矿)成分对比,结果显示,德尔尼铜矿床与岩浆熔离矿床和与花岗岩有关的热液矿床有较大区别。结合其他资料综合研究认为德尔尼矿床的成矿经历了海底喷流沉积—热液叠加的过程。
4.依据本文研究,结合资料综合分析,获得区域成矿规律的4点认识,总结了找矿的7条标志,提出今后找矿的2个方向。
DeerNi copper deposits in the middle of Maqin County ,Qinghai Province Shan southern slope of Deer Ni, Cu, Zn, is a mainly cobalt and other elements can be more comprehensive utilization of the deposit, in the reserves that contain a large (S), four large-scale (Copper, zinc cobalt, gold, selenium), three medium-sized (zinc, silver, cadmium), a small (Ga) a total of nine the number of comprehensive deposit. But also a serpentinite huge reserves can create high-quality FCMP the non-metallic deposit. Before the end of the last century, the deposit is the "stay mine," With the continuous development of the national economy and the improvement of traffic conditions, the current deposit has been listed on the domestic mining companies - Zijin Mining companies use and implementation of mining.
As the mine is located in high altitude areas, and because the deposit is in a special geological location, its tectonic setting and structural environment more controversial in recent years as the geological work increased the deposit on a new progress .
This article is based on the above topics on the status quo.
Papers discussed Deer Ni geological background, with their predecessors DeerNi deposit in the mining area and found the new mining area, the focus at the top of the ore body to a set of sedimentary rocks (iron siliceous slate) for the breakthrough to mine ore with the probe data TYPOMORPHIC other mineral ores compared with the typical deposit at home and abroad compared with pyrrhotite ore body in the distribution of the preliminary study of the genesis. And through the mineralization of the past and prospecting signs summary of the previous mine breccia-serpentinite relations with the ore body, the combination of remote sensing image interpretation of images, data, explore the direction of exploration, the following is the main understanding:
1、Animaqing structure through the deposition mélange and ophiolite and tectonic ophiolite in the material composition, output location, structural deformation and comprehensive information on regional structure, stated in the mining area in the middle of a tectonic Mian on the unit is in a slightly - Animaqing structure with the western part of the site.
2、.The Deposit through geological features and Fugue on rock mining research, defined the sedimentary rocks for mineralization determine the environment is of great significance. Then the sedimentary rocks and sedimentary rocks outside the mining area compared to identify them as two different elements, different causes of the rock. Ore body at the top of the sedimentary rocks that could be described as containing carbon iron siliceous slate, while the latter known as the carbon content of Al-Si slate. The iron and silica slate at home and abroad typical deposit can be the "iron cherts" Comparative analysis, Al-Fe-Mn triangular diagram, for hydrothermal determine its causes, so as to the causes and Deer Ni deposit process of mineralization Provided important corroboration.
3、Through the ore in pyrrhotite, pyrite and sphalerite mineral composition of electronic probe studies, and Kalatongke grams of copper and nickel deposit (pyrrhotite, pyrite), the reactor City Pali Po Mo porphyry deposit (sphalerite, pyrite) components contrast, further confirmed the genesis of the type, and magma from the melting and granite deposits and the hydrothermal deposits are different. Combined with other information that comprehensive study of mineralization Deer Ni deposit has experienced submarine jet - + superposition of the deposition process.
Based on this research, comprehensive analysis of information, access to regional metallogenic 4:00 of the understanding, summing up the seven signs prospecting, exploration to the future direction of the two.
引文
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[2] r.h.sillitoe和m.m.kohctahthhob等著,矿产专辑(8)火山岩型金银矿床地质, 1988
[3]潘桂堂等著,东特提斯地质构造形成演化地质出版社,1997 ,12
[4]章午生,德尔尼铜矿地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1981,1-113
[5]章午生,块状硫化物矿床的一个特殊类型——德尔尼铜矿[J].甘肃地质学报,1995,(2):22-31
[6]段国莲论德尔尼黄铁矿型铜钴矿床的成矿规律[J].化工矿产地质,1996(2):92-100
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