乌江上游梯级开发对浮游植物分布的影响研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的发展,人类为了满足发电、灌溉、防洪等需要在河流上大规模的筑坝建库。大坝拦截蓄水形成水库后,原有的水生生态体系随生境变化经自然选择、演替,由以底栖附着生物为主的“河流型”异养体系向以浮游生物为主的“湖沼型”自养体系演化。本文拟通过对乌江上游各水库浮游植物群落分布现状及其与营养元素相关性的研究,探究河流梯级开发对浮游植物分布的影响,以此丰富我国水库生态学的研究内容并积累基础数据资料,为以后的科学研究及水资源的合理利用提供科学依据。
本研究于2007年枯水期、丰水期和平水期对乌江上游的红枫湖水库、百花湖水库、修文水库、窄巷口水库、红岩水库、乌江渡水库、索风营水库、东风水库、洪家渡水库、引子渡水库和普定水库共计24个采样点或断面进行了采样调查。主要调查的指标有:水温、透明度、pH值、溶解氧、总氮、亚硝酸态氮、总磷、溶解性有机碳、化学耗氧量、钾、钠、钙、镁、氯离子、硫酸根离子、浮游植物的种类组成和现存量。并将浮游植物现存量与理化指标进行了相关性分析。
乌江上游各水库浮游植细胞密度与化学耗氧量、叶绿素、pH、水温、溶解性有机碳、镁、钾、总磷、氯离子、溶解氧和亚硝酸态氮呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.786、0.741、0.423、0.396、0.377、0.345、0.261、0.207、0.184、0.176和0.138。浮游植细胞密度与钠、透明度、钙、硫酸根离子和总氮均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.394、-0.386、-0.221、-0.134和-0.063。浮游植细胞密度与耗氧量和叶绿素呈现较好的正相关关系。浮游植物生物量与叶绿素、pH、化学耗氧量、水温、溶解性有机碳、溶解氧、总磷、钾、亚硝酸态氮、总氮和镁,相关系数分别为0.939、0.730、0.686、0.593、0.559、0.514、0.430、0.308、0.308、0.282、0.100和0.045。浮游植物生物量与透明度、钠、硫酸根离子和钙均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.768、-0.557、-0.468和-0.463。浮游植物生物量与叶绿素、pH、化学耗氧量、水温、溶解性有机碳和溶解氧呈现较好的正相关关系,与透明度和钠呈现较好的负相关关系。
乌江上游各水库共检出浮游植物216种,隶属于8门10纲24目39科73属。从浮游植物现存量水平分布看,红枫湖水库属于蓝绿藻型水体,百花湖水库属于蓝绿硅藻型水体,修文水库、窄巷口水库、红岩水库、洪家渡水库、引子渡水库和普定水库属于绿硅藻型水体,乌江渡水库属于绿蓝藻型水体,索风营水库、东风水库属于硅绿藻型水体。根据湖泊营养类型评价的浮游植物细胞密度标准并参照Margalef多样性指数分析水体富营养化程度得出:红枫湖水库处于富营养状态,百花湖水库处于中富营养状态,红岩水库和乌江渡水库处于中营养状态,修文水库、窄巷口水库、索风营水库、东风水库、洪家渡水库、普定水库和引子渡水库处于贫中营养状态。
水电梯级开发过程中,通过水库修建前后的比较,水库修建后浮游植物细胞密度和生物量迅速增加,特别是蓝绿藻增加明显,并呈现出向富营养化方向发展的趋势。通过对不同时期修建的水库及同一水库不同时期浮游植物演变的比较得出,形成水库后,随着时间的推移,富营养化程度加重,水库由硅藻型水体向着蓝绿藻型水体演化。
With the development of society and economy, more and more dams were constructed in order to meet the needs of electricity generation, irrigation, flood control and so on. After daming, aquatic ecosystems begin to adapt the changing habitat and evolve from the riverine heterotrophic system (dominated with benthos) to the limnological autotrophic system (dominated with phytoplankton). This dissertation focuses on investigation about the distribution of phytoplankton and their relationship with nutrient elements in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the impact of cascade exploitation on the phytoplankton and to provide a scientific basis for management of water resources.
The phytoplankton communities and the water quality were investigated in three phases in 2007:Hongfeng Reservoir, Baihua Reservoir, Xiuwen Reservoir, Zhaixiangkou Reservoir, Hongyan Reservoir, Wujiangdu Reservoir,Suofengying Reservoir, Dongfeng Reservoir, Hongjiadu Reservoir, Yinzidu Reservoir, Puding Reservoir. The analysis of phytoplankton species , community structure, cell density and the mensuration of water quality indexs(WT, SD, pH, DO, TN, NO_2~--N, TP, DOC, COD, K, Na, Ca, Mg , Cl~-, SO_4~(2-).).This paper studies correlation between plankton and nutritive elements.
The results on the analysis of correlations between cell density and environment factors, the Correlation coefficient are COD (0.786),Chlorophyll-a (0.741),pH (0.423),WT (0.396), DOC (0.377), Mg(0.345),K (0.261),TP (0.207), Cl~-(0.184), DO(0.176), NO_2~--N (0.138). Na (-0.394), SD (-0.386) ,Ca (-0.221), SO_4~(2-) (-0.134) ,TN (-0.063). COD and Chlorophyll-a is batter remarkable. The results on the analysis of correlations between the biomass and environment factors, The Correlation coefficient are Chlorophyll-a (0.939), pH (0.730) ,COD (0.686), WT (0.593),DOC (0.559),DO(0.514),TP (0.430), Cl~- (0.308), K (0.308), NO_2~--N (0.282), TN (0.100), Mg(0.045), SD (-0.768), Na (-0.557), SO_4~(2-)(-0.468), Ca (-0.463). The batter remarkable are Chlorophyll-a, pH, COD, WT, DOC, DO, SD, Na.
There are 216 species of phytoplankton were identified. They belong to 73 genera 39 families 24 orders 10 classes and 8divisions.Cyanophyta-chlorophyta genre demonstrated in Hongfeng Reservoir. Cyanophyta–chlorophyta–bacillariophyta genre demonstrated in Baihua Reservoir.chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta genre demonstrated in Xiuwen Reservoir, Zaixiangkou Reservoir, Hongyan Reservoir, Hongjiadu Reservoir, Yinzidu Reservoir,Puding Reservoir. Chlorophyta-cyanophyta genre demonstrated in Wujiangdu Reservoir. Bacillariophyta-chlorophyta genre demonstrated in Suofengying Reservoir, Dongfeng Reservoir. To estimate the water quality of reservoir by taking use of phytoplankton cell density and Margalef diversity indices that Hongfeng Reservoir is eutrophic Baihua Reservoir is mesotrophic to light eutrophic.Hongyan Reservoir and Hongjiadu Reservoir are mesotrophic. Light mesotrophic demonstrated in Xiuwen Reservoir, Zaixiangkou Reservoir, Suofengying Reservoir, Dongfeng Reservoir, Hongjiadu Reservoir, Yinzidu Reservoir, Puding Reservoir .
Process of cascade exploitation is the rapid increase in phytoplankton, especially Cyanophyta and chlorophyta. The trend of pollution was to eutrophic. Through evolution of different stages of the construction of the reservoir and Reservoir phytoplankton evolution, the trend of pollution was to eutrophic, Bacillariophyta-chlorophyta genre to Cyanophyta and chlorophyta genre in the reservoir.
本研究于2007年枯水期、丰水期和平水期对乌江上游的红枫湖水库、百花湖水库、修文水库、窄巷口水库、红岩水库、乌江渡水库、索风营水库、东风水库、洪家渡水库、引子渡水库和普定水库共计24个采样点或断面进行了采样调查。主要调查的指标有:水温、透明度、pH值、溶解氧、总氮、亚硝酸态氮、总磷、溶解性有机碳、化学耗氧量、钾、钠、钙、镁、氯离子、硫酸根离子、浮游植物的种类组成和现存量。并将浮游植物现存量与理化指标进行了相关性分析。
乌江上游各水库浮游植细胞密度与化学耗氧量、叶绿素、pH、水温、溶解性有机碳、镁、钾、总磷、氯离子、溶解氧和亚硝酸态氮呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.786、0.741、0.423、0.396、0.377、0.345、0.261、0.207、0.184、0.176和0.138。浮游植细胞密度与钠、透明度、钙、硫酸根离子和总氮均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.394、-0.386、-0.221、-0.134和-0.063。浮游植细胞密度与耗氧量和叶绿素呈现较好的正相关关系。浮游植物生物量与叶绿素、pH、化学耗氧量、水温、溶解性有机碳、溶解氧、总磷、钾、亚硝酸态氮、总氮和镁,相关系数分别为0.939、0.730、0.686、0.593、0.559、0.514、0.430、0.308、0.308、0.282、0.100和0.045。浮游植物生物量与透明度、钠、硫酸根离子和钙均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.768、-0.557、-0.468和-0.463。浮游植物生物量与叶绿素、pH、化学耗氧量、水温、溶解性有机碳和溶解氧呈现较好的正相关关系,与透明度和钠呈现较好的负相关关系。
乌江上游各水库共检出浮游植物216种,隶属于8门10纲24目39科73属。从浮游植物现存量水平分布看,红枫湖水库属于蓝绿藻型水体,百花湖水库属于蓝绿硅藻型水体,修文水库、窄巷口水库、红岩水库、洪家渡水库、引子渡水库和普定水库属于绿硅藻型水体,乌江渡水库属于绿蓝藻型水体,索风营水库、东风水库属于硅绿藻型水体。根据湖泊营养类型评价的浮游植物细胞密度标准并参照Margalef多样性指数分析水体富营养化程度得出:红枫湖水库处于富营养状态,百花湖水库处于中富营养状态,红岩水库和乌江渡水库处于中营养状态,修文水库、窄巷口水库、索风营水库、东风水库、洪家渡水库、普定水库和引子渡水库处于贫中营养状态。
水电梯级开发过程中,通过水库修建前后的比较,水库修建后浮游植物细胞密度和生物量迅速增加,特别是蓝绿藻增加明显,并呈现出向富营养化方向发展的趋势。通过对不同时期修建的水库及同一水库不同时期浮游植物演变的比较得出,形成水库后,随着时间的推移,富营养化程度加重,水库由硅藻型水体向着蓝绿藻型水体演化。
With the development of society and economy, more and more dams were constructed in order to meet the needs of electricity generation, irrigation, flood control and so on. After daming, aquatic ecosystems begin to adapt the changing habitat and evolve from the riverine heterotrophic system (dominated with benthos) to the limnological autotrophic system (dominated with phytoplankton). This dissertation focuses on investigation about the distribution of phytoplankton and their relationship with nutrient elements in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the impact of cascade exploitation on the phytoplankton and to provide a scientific basis for management of water resources.
The phytoplankton communities and the water quality were investigated in three phases in 2007:Hongfeng Reservoir, Baihua Reservoir, Xiuwen Reservoir, Zhaixiangkou Reservoir, Hongyan Reservoir, Wujiangdu Reservoir,Suofengying Reservoir, Dongfeng Reservoir, Hongjiadu Reservoir, Yinzidu Reservoir, Puding Reservoir. The analysis of phytoplankton species , community structure, cell density and the mensuration of water quality indexs(WT, SD, pH, DO, TN, NO_2~--N, TP, DOC, COD, K, Na, Ca, Mg , Cl~-, SO_4~(2-).).This paper studies correlation between plankton and nutritive elements.
The results on the analysis of correlations between cell density and environment factors, the Correlation coefficient are COD (0.786),Chlorophyll-a (0.741),pH (0.423),WT (0.396), DOC (0.377), Mg(0.345),K (0.261),TP (0.207), Cl~-(0.184), DO(0.176), NO_2~--N (0.138). Na (-0.394), SD (-0.386) ,Ca (-0.221), SO_4~(2-) (-0.134) ,TN (-0.063). COD and Chlorophyll-a is batter remarkable. The results on the analysis of correlations between the biomass and environment factors, The Correlation coefficient are Chlorophyll-a (0.939), pH (0.730) ,COD (0.686), WT (0.593),DOC (0.559),DO(0.514),TP (0.430), Cl~- (0.308), K (0.308), NO_2~--N (0.282), TN (0.100), Mg(0.045), SD (-0.768), Na (-0.557), SO_4~(2-)(-0.468), Ca (-0.463). The batter remarkable are Chlorophyll-a, pH, COD, WT, DOC, DO, SD, Na.
There are 216 species of phytoplankton were identified. They belong to 73 genera 39 families 24 orders 10 classes and 8divisions.Cyanophyta-chlorophyta genre demonstrated in Hongfeng Reservoir. Cyanophyta–chlorophyta–bacillariophyta genre demonstrated in Baihua Reservoir.chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta genre demonstrated in Xiuwen Reservoir, Zaixiangkou Reservoir, Hongyan Reservoir, Hongjiadu Reservoir, Yinzidu Reservoir,Puding Reservoir. Chlorophyta-cyanophyta genre demonstrated in Wujiangdu Reservoir. Bacillariophyta-chlorophyta genre demonstrated in Suofengying Reservoir, Dongfeng Reservoir. To estimate the water quality of reservoir by taking use of phytoplankton cell density and Margalef diversity indices that Hongfeng Reservoir is eutrophic Baihua Reservoir is mesotrophic to light eutrophic.Hongyan Reservoir and Hongjiadu Reservoir are mesotrophic. Light mesotrophic demonstrated in Xiuwen Reservoir, Zaixiangkou Reservoir, Suofengying Reservoir, Dongfeng Reservoir, Hongjiadu Reservoir, Yinzidu Reservoir, Puding Reservoir .
Process of cascade exploitation is the rapid increase in phytoplankton, especially Cyanophyta and chlorophyta. The trend of pollution was to eutrophic. Through evolution of different stages of the construction of the reservoir and Reservoir phytoplankton evolution, the trend of pollution was to eutrophic, Bacillariophyta-chlorophyta genre to Cyanophyta and chlorophyta genre in the reservoir.
引文
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