高维条码识别技术和编码理论的研究
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摘要
随着计算机科学技术的发展，自动识别技术得到了广泛的应用。在众多自动识别技术中，条码技术已经成为当今主要的计算机自动识别技术之一。识别技术和编码理论是条码技术中两个非常活跃的研究热点。为了解决条码信息容量有限的问题，近年来出现一种新的条码——二维条码。我们把二维条码和本文中提出的三维条码统称为高维条码。本文研究了高维条码的识别技术和编码理论。
条码检测是一个十分重要的步骤。在识别条码前，要在图像中过滤掉文本和其他图案，检测出条码所在位置。本文提出了一种基于子区域多特征分析的条码检测算法，先分析每个子区域的特征，选出可能包含条码的子区域，然后对子区域进行合并筛选，检测条码所在位置。实验表明，基于子区域多特征分析的条码检测算法具有很好的性能，优于基于梯度特征的检测算法。在得到条码所在区域后，本文给出了一个二维条码的识别算法。算法采用了多个有效的策略来提高识别性能。实验表明本文的识别算法具有很好的性能，这里提出的基于亚像素边缘检测的识别方法优于传统的条码识别方法，能够获得更为准确的条空边界位置。
条码识别是一个边缘检测问题。长期以来，边缘检测都是通过一阶导数极大值或二阶导数零交叉进行的。当条码密度较大时，受光学系统点扩展函数的影响，边缘相互干扰，这种技术不再适用。本文研究了高密度二维条码的识别技术。分析了条码信号经过点扩展函数卷积后的降质模型。针对条码信号模糊程度的不同，提出两种识别方法：基于中点检测的条码识别方法和基于波形分析的条码识别方法。实验结果表明，这里提出的算法能有效克服光学系统的降晰对条码识别的影响，显著提高了识别率，其性能优于基于边缘检测的算法。
条码应用的进一步推广，对条码的信息容量提出了更高的要求。增大条码尺寸或增大条码密度的解决方案都有其局限性。在二维条码的基础上，本文设计了一种新的条码——三维条码。这种条码结合条空宽度变化、条空颜色变化和纵向排列来表示信息，能在有限的几何空间内表示更多的信息。文中还研究了三维条码的识别技术，并给出一个三维条码的识别算法。
最后，本文设计了一个应用二维条码进行银行票据防伪的系统。该系统防伪安全性可靠，自动化程度高。该系统已获得专利，并且已经进入试点实用阶段，运行表明
摘要
博士论文
该系统具有较好的防伪性能和稳定性。
With the development of computer technology, automatic identification technologies have been widely applied , among which bar code has been the leading one. Recognition technology and encoding theory are two hot spots in bar code technology. In order to solve the problem of limited information capacity of bar code, a new type of bar code, two-dimensional bar code, has been developed. Here, it and three-dimensional bar code presented in this paper are called high-dimensional bar code. This paper discusses the recognition technology and encoding theory of high-dimensional bar code.
Bar code detection is an important step. Before its recognition, bar code needs to be located by filtering text and other signs in the image. This paper presents a novel algorithm of bar code detection based on multiple features analysis of subregions. First, the subregions that might contain bar code are found out through features analysis, then after subregions clustering and candidacy test, the bar code is located. Experiments show that this algorithm is of good performance and superior to the algorithm based on gradient feature. After detection, an algorithm of bar code recognition is proposed in this paper. Some strategies introduced in this recognition algorithm are proved to be effective and improve the performance of the algorithm. Experiments show the recognition algorithm based on subpixel edge detection proposed here is advantageous over traditional recognition algorithm and can get a more accurate edge position between bar and space.
Bar code recognition is a matter of edge detection, which has long been done through the maximum value of the first derivative or zero crossing of the second derivative. When the bar code is of higher density, adjacent edges interact each other due to the influence of the point spread function of image collection system, therefore, this kind of method becomes invalid. This paper analyses deterioration model of bar code signals after the point spread function convolution, and presents two kinds of recognition algorithm in correspondence to different bluring degrees of bar code signal: one based on midpoints detection and the other based on waveform analysis. Experiments show that the algorithm presented in this paper is able to effectively overcome bluring affects caused by the point spread function and apparently promote the recognition rate, and the algorithm is better than that based on edge detection.
A higher demand of bar code's information capacity must be met because of its wider use. Increasing bar code size or increasing its density has limitations. Here, on the basis of two-dimensional bar code, a new type of bar code, three-dimensional bar code is designed. It greatly increases information capacity within limited space by combining the variety of widths, the variety of colors and vertical array. In addition, this paper discusses the recognition of three-dimensional bar code and presents the corresponding recognition algorithm.
Finally, using two-dimensional bar code, this paper designs an anti-fake system for bank bills, which enjoys high security and high level of automation.The system has already been patented and used in experimental unit. The results certify its stability and high quality on anti-fake.
条码检测是一个十分重要的步骤。在识别条码前，要在图像中过滤掉文本和其他图案，检测出条码所在位置。本文提出了一种基于子区域多特征分析的条码检测算法，先分析每个子区域的特征，选出可能包含条码的子区域，然后对子区域进行合并筛选，检测条码所在位置。实验表明，基于子区域多特征分析的条码检测算法具有很好的性能，优于基于梯度特征的检测算法。在得到条码所在区域后，本文给出了一个二维条码的识别算法。算法采用了多个有效的策略来提高识别性能。实验表明本文的识别算法具有很好的性能，这里提出的基于亚像素边缘检测的识别方法优于传统的条码识别方法，能够获得更为准确的条空边界位置。
条码识别是一个边缘检测问题。长期以来，边缘检测都是通过一阶导数极大值或二阶导数零交叉进行的。当条码密度较大时，受光学系统点扩展函数的影响，边缘相互干扰，这种技术不再适用。本文研究了高密度二维条码的识别技术。分析了条码信号经过点扩展函数卷积后的降质模型。针对条码信号模糊程度的不同，提出两种识别方法：基于中点检测的条码识别方法和基于波形分析的条码识别方法。实验结果表明，这里提出的算法能有效克服光学系统的降晰对条码识别的影响，显著提高了识别率，其性能优于基于边缘检测的算法。
条码应用的进一步推广，对条码的信息容量提出了更高的要求。增大条码尺寸或增大条码密度的解决方案都有其局限性。在二维条码的基础上，本文设计了一种新的条码——三维条码。这种条码结合条空宽度变化、条空颜色变化和纵向排列来表示信息，能在有限的几何空间内表示更多的信息。文中还研究了三维条码的识别技术，并给出一个三维条码的识别算法。
最后，本文设计了一个应用二维条码进行银行票据防伪的系统。该系统防伪安全性可靠，自动化程度高。该系统已获得专利，并且已经进入试点实用阶段，运行表明
摘要
博士论文
该系统具有较好的防伪性能和稳定性。
With the development of computer technology, automatic identification technologies have been widely applied , among which bar code has been the leading one. Recognition technology and encoding theory are two hot spots in bar code technology. In order to solve the problem of limited information capacity of bar code, a new type of bar code, two-dimensional bar code, has been developed. Here, it and three-dimensional bar code presented in this paper are called high-dimensional bar code. This paper discusses the recognition technology and encoding theory of high-dimensional bar code.
Bar code detection is an important step. Before its recognition, bar code needs to be located by filtering text and other signs in the image. This paper presents a novel algorithm of bar code detection based on multiple features analysis of subregions. First, the subregions that might contain bar code are found out through features analysis, then after subregions clustering and candidacy test, the bar code is located. Experiments show that this algorithm is of good performance and superior to the algorithm based on gradient feature. After detection, an algorithm of bar code recognition is proposed in this paper. Some strategies introduced in this recognition algorithm are proved to be effective and improve the performance of the algorithm. Experiments show the recognition algorithm based on subpixel edge detection proposed here is advantageous over traditional recognition algorithm and can get a more accurate edge position between bar and space.
Bar code recognition is a matter of edge detection, which has long been done through the maximum value of the first derivative or zero crossing of the second derivative. When the bar code is of higher density, adjacent edges interact each other due to the influence of the point spread function of image collection system, therefore, this kind of method becomes invalid. This paper analyses deterioration model of bar code signals after the point spread function convolution, and presents two kinds of recognition algorithm in correspondence to different bluring degrees of bar code signal: one based on midpoints detection and the other based on waveform analysis. Experiments show that the algorithm presented in this paper is able to effectively overcome bluring affects caused by the point spread function and apparently promote the recognition rate, and the algorithm is better than that based on edge detection.
A higher demand of bar code's information capacity must be met because of its wider use. Increasing bar code size or increasing its density has limitations. Here, on the basis of two-dimensional bar code, a new type of bar code, three-dimensional bar code is designed. It greatly increases information capacity within limited space by combining the variety of widths, the variety of colors and vertical array. In addition, this paper discusses the recognition of three-dimensional bar code and presents the corresponding recognition algorithm.
Finally, using two-dimensional bar code, this paper designs an anti-fake system for bank bills, which enjoys high security and high level of automation.The system has already been patented and used in experimental unit. The results certify its stability and high quality on anti-fake.
引文
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