准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷岩性油藏形成条件及勘探技术分析
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摘要
准噶尔盆地东部吉木萨尔凹陷勘探始于上个世纪50年代，二叠系梧桐沟组是重要勘探层系，始终未取得实质性突破，主要原因是油藏形成条件、沉积体系特征及圈闭识别技术的研究滞后。二叠系梧桐沟组为扇三角洲沉积体系，对扇三角洲沉积体系油气富集规律及圈闭识别技术进行系统研究，对吉木萨尔凹陷勘探突破具有重要意义。
沉积体系特征研究主要依据层序地层学原理，结合单井和地震反射的振幅、频率及几何特征进行层序划分。在此基础上，对宽频地震资料进行90度相位旋转和稀疏脉冲反演，得到砂泥岩数据体，继而在低位体系域、水进体系域、高位体系域格架内提取振幅属性和波阻抗属性进行沉积体系预测，确定沉积体系演化过程和分布特征。
油藏形成条件研究主要是通过吉木萨尔地区烃源岩生烃潜力、油藏生烃关键时刻及关键时刻的二叠系梧桐沟组古构造图的研究，确定油气的优势运移通道，继而对潜在的圈闭进行成藏条件评价并提供钻探建议。
本文主要取得以下几点成果：1）二叠系梧桐沟组划分了2个层序，3个体系域，低位体系域为盆地构造活跃期，物源供给充足，砂砾岩连片分布；水进体系域物源供给减弱，沿断裂带形成一系列的扇三角洲群，扇三角洲体系之间间湾发育，圈闭形成条件较好；高位体系域水体范围处于高位稳定期，沉积范围局限于吉7井区；2）二叠系梧桐沟组物源体系受断裂体系的活动强度控制，吉木萨尔凹陷东南翼断裂体系活跃，是物源的主要供给区，吉木萨尔凹陷东翼断裂活动强度较小，是物源的次要供给区；3）吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系梧桐沟组油气主要来自于二叠系平地泉组烃源岩，生排烃高峰期为白垩纪末，结合白垩纪末二叠系梧桐沟组顶界古构造图，明确吉木萨尔凹陷南部东西向鼻凸带为油气的优势运移区，是勘探的优先突破区；4）结合储层预测与断裂识别成果，在油气优势运移通道上优选圈闭3个，部署井吉171、吉19井、吉7井区评价井获工业油流，提交控制储量超过5000万吨；5）完成吉17井三维保幅宽频处理，频带宽度由10-31Hz拓宽到9-50H在，拓宽频带21Hz，合成记录标定匹配良好，证实为保幅宽频资料；6）系统总结了岩性油气藏勘探的技术系列，主要包括宽频处理技术、90度相位旋转技术以及稀疏脉冲反演技术，并阐述了体系域格架内的地震属性研究思路，综合上述技术可以解决扇三角洲沉积体系的识别问题。
The exploration of Jimusar sag in Eastern Junggar Basin was begun in the50s of the lastcentury, the permian system Wutonggou group is an important exploration stratum, which hasnever obtained a substantive breakthrough mainly due to oil deposit formation conditions,depositional system characteristics and research lags of trap identification technology. Thepermian system Chinese parasol ditch group is the fan-type delta depositional system. Thesystematic research on oil gas enrichment rules in the fan-type delta depositional system andtrap identification technology has great significance on the exploration breakthrough ofJimusaer sag.
The research on depositional system characteristics, mainly based on the principle ofsequence stratigraphy, classifies stratum sequence combining with an individual well andseismic reflection amplitude, frequency and geometric characteristics. On this basis,90-degreeof phase rotation and sparse pulse inversion shall be carried out on broadband seismic data toobtain sand-shale data volume and then extract the amplitude attribute and the waveimpedance attribute in the framework of lowstand system tracts, water transgression systemtracts and highstand system tracts so as to conduct the depositional system forecast anddetermine the evolutionary process and distribution characteristics of depositional systems.
The research on oil deposit formation conditions mainly determines the advantageousmigration pathway of oil and gas through the research on hydrocarbon generation potential ofhydrocarbon source rock in Jimusaer area, the hydrocarbon generation critical moment of oildeposit and paleotectonic map of the permian system Chinese parasol ditch group at criticalmoment in order to further evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of potentialtraps and provide the drilling proposals.
This paper mainly achieves the following results:1) The permian system Chinese parasolditch group is divided into two sequences, three system tracts; the low system track is theactive period of basin structure, where the material provenance supply is adequate and theglutenite is distributed contiguously; in the water transgression system tracts, the materialprovenance supply is diminished, and along the fault zone, a series of fan-type delta grouphave been formed, between which the bays have been developed and the trap formationconditions are well formed; the water range of highstand system tract is located in highstandstable period and the sedimentary scope is limited in Jimusaer No.7wells area;2) Theprovenance system in permian system Chinese parasol ditch group is controlled by the activityintensity of fault system. The fault system at the southeast wing of Jimusaer sag is active and becomes the main supply area of material provenance, while the fault activity intensity at theeastern wing of Jimusaer sag is more gentle and becomes the secondary supply area of thematerial provenance;3) The oil gas in permian system Chinese parasol ditch group in Jimusaersag is mainly from the hydrocarbon source rock of permian system flat spring group, and thehydrocarbon generation and expulsion peak period is the end of the Cretaceous period,specifying the structural nose zone at east-west direction in the southern Jimusar sag is theadvantageous migration zone of oil gas combining with the top boundary paleotectonic map ofpermian system Chinese parasol ditch group at the end of Cretaceous is the preferentialbreakthrough area for exploration;4) Preferentially selected3traps in the oil gas advantageousmigration channels, deployed Jimusar No.171well, Jimusar No.19well and Jimusar No.7well areas, evaluated industrial oil flow obtained from wells and submitted over50milliontons of controlled reserves combining with the reservoir prediction and fracture identificationresults;5) The three dimensional amplitude preservation and broadband processing of JimusarNo.17well was completed, the bandwidth was broaden from9-50H to10-31Hz with broadenbandwidth21Hz, performance of the marked matching of synthetic seismogram was wellwhich is proved to be amplitude preservation and broadband data;6) The system summed upthe series of lithologic deposit exploration technologies, mainly including broadbandprocessing technology,90-degree phase rotation and sparse pulse inversion technologies anddescribed the seismic attribute research ideas within the framework of the system tracts. Theabove technologies can solve the identification problems of fan-type delta depositionalsystems.
沉积体系特征研究主要依据层序地层学原理，结合单井和地震反射的振幅、频率及几何特征进行层序划分。在此基础上，对宽频地震资料进行90度相位旋转和稀疏脉冲反演，得到砂泥岩数据体，继而在低位体系域、水进体系域、高位体系域格架内提取振幅属性和波阻抗属性进行沉积体系预测，确定沉积体系演化过程和分布特征。
油藏形成条件研究主要是通过吉木萨尔地区烃源岩生烃潜力、油藏生烃关键时刻及关键时刻的二叠系梧桐沟组古构造图的研究，确定油气的优势运移通道，继而对潜在的圈闭进行成藏条件评价并提供钻探建议。
本文主要取得以下几点成果：1）二叠系梧桐沟组划分了2个层序，3个体系域，低位体系域为盆地构造活跃期，物源供给充足，砂砾岩连片分布；水进体系域物源供给减弱，沿断裂带形成一系列的扇三角洲群，扇三角洲体系之间间湾发育，圈闭形成条件较好；高位体系域水体范围处于高位稳定期，沉积范围局限于吉7井区；2）二叠系梧桐沟组物源体系受断裂体系的活动强度控制，吉木萨尔凹陷东南翼断裂体系活跃，是物源的主要供给区，吉木萨尔凹陷东翼断裂活动强度较小，是物源的次要供给区；3）吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系梧桐沟组油气主要来自于二叠系平地泉组烃源岩，生排烃高峰期为白垩纪末，结合白垩纪末二叠系梧桐沟组顶界古构造图，明确吉木萨尔凹陷南部东西向鼻凸带为油气的优势运移区，是勘探的优先突破区；4）结合储层预测与断裂识别成果，在油气优势运移通道上优选圈闭3个，部署井吉171、吉19井、吉7井区评价井获工业油流，提交控制储量超过5000万吨；5）完成吉17井三维保幅宽频处理，频带宽度由10-31Hz拓宽到9-50H在，拓宽频带21Hz，合成记录标定匹配良好，证实为保幅宽频资料；6）系统总结了岩性油气藏勘探的技术系列，主要包括宽频处理技术、90度相位旋转技术以及稀疏脉冲反演技术，并阐述了体系域格架内的地震属性研究思路，综合上述技术可以解决扇三角洲沉积体系的识别问题。
The exploration of Jimusar sag in Eastern Junggar Basin was begun in the50s of the lastcentury, the permian system Wutonggou group is an important exploration stratum, which hasnever obtained a substantive breakthrough mainly due to oil deposit formation conditions,depositional system characteristics and research lags of trap identification technology. Thepermian system Chinese parasol ditch group is the fan-type delta depositional system. Thesystematic research on oil gas enrichment rules in the fan-type delta depositional system andtrap identification technology has great significance on the exploration breakthrough ofJimusaer sag.
The research on depositional system characteristics, mainly based on the principle ofsequence stratigraphy, classifies stratum sequence combining with an individual well andseismic reflection amplitude, frequency and geometric characteristics. On this basis,90-degreeof phase rotation and sparse pulse inversion shall be carried out on broadband seismic data toobtain sand-shale data volume and then extract the amplitude attribute and the waveimpedance attribute in the framework of lowstand system tracts, water transgression systemtracts and highstand system tracts so as to conduct the depositional system forecast anddetermine the evolutionary process and distribution characteristics of depositional systems.
The research on oil deposit formation conditions mainly determines the advantageousmigration pathway of oil and gas through the research on hydrocarbon generation potential ofhydrocarbon source rock in Jimusaer area, the hydrocarbon generation critical moment of oildeposit and paleotectonic map of the permian system Chinese parasol ditch group at criticalmoment in order to further evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of potentialtraps and provide the drilling proposals.
This paper mainly achieves the following results:1) The permian system Chinese parasolditch group is divided into two sequences, three system tracts; the low system track is theactive period of basin structure, where the material provenance supply is adequate and theglutenite is distributed contiguously; in the water transgression system tracts, the materialprovenance supply is diminished, and along the fault zone, a series of fan-type delta grouphave been formed, between which the bays have been developed and the trap formationconditions are well formed; the water range of highstand system tract is located in highstandstable period and the sedimentary scope is limited in Jimusaer No.7wells area;2) Theprovenance system in permian system Chinese parasol ditch group is controlled by the activityintensity of fault system. The fault system at the southeast wing of Jimusaer sag is active and becomes the main supply area of material provenance, while the fault activity intensity at theeastern wing of Jimusaer sag is more gentle and becomes the secondary supply area of thematerial provenance;3) The oil gas in permian system Chinese parasol ditch group in Jimusaersag is mainly from the hydrocarbon source rock of permian system flat spring group, and thehydrocarbon generation and expulsion peak period is the end of the Cretaceous period,specifying the structural nose zone at east-west direction in the southern Jimusar sag is theadvantageous migration zone of oil gas combining with the top boundary paleotectonic map ofpermian system Chinese parasol ditch group at the end of Cretaceous is the preferentialbreakthrough area for exploration;4) Preferentially selected3traps in the oil gas advantageousmigration channels, deployed Jimusar No.171well, Jimusar No.19well and Jimusar No.7well areas, evaluated industrial oil flow obtained from wells and submitted over50milliontons of controlled reserves combining with the reservoir prediction and fracture identificationresults;5) The three dimensional amplitude preservation and broadband processing of JimusarNo.17well was completed, the bandwidth was broaden from9-50H to10-31Hz with broadenbandwidth21Hz, performance of the marked matching of synthetic seismogram was wellwhich is proved to be amplitude preservation and broadband data;6) The system summed upthe series of lithologic deposit exploration technologies, mainly including broadbandprocessing technology,90-degree phase rotation and sparse pulse inversion technologies anddescribed the seismic attribute research ideas within the framework of the system tracts. Theabove technologies can solve the identification problems of fan-type delta depositionalsystems.
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