电力系统电压稳定性评估系统的研究和开发
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摘要
由于上世纪七十年代,世界范围内发生了多起由电压崩溃引起的大面积停电事件,造成了重大的经济损失和社会影响,电压稳定性的研究逐渐成为电力系统界专家学者关注的问题,更多的有关电压稳定的成果不断出现,但相比于电力系统功角稳定的研究来说,电压稳定的研究仍显得不够深入。
随着我国经济的快速发展,电网的建设也变得更加迫切,在满足供求平衡的同时也对电网的安全提出了一些新的挑战。例如由于我国电力系统联网格局的逐步建立,电网的运行呈现出更为复杂的动态行为,电压稳定性的破坏对社会和国民经济所产生的负面影响也将更为巨大。因此,寻找一种能够快速对电力系统电压稳定性进行评估的方法并开发出相应的评估系统对电网的安全运行有着重要的意义。论文的主要工作内容和成果如下:
本文较全面总结了电压稳定的定义、分类、电压崩溃机理和电压稳定的研究内容。介绍了当前比较常用的几种电压稳定性静态和动态分析方法,并详细的介绍了几种具有代表性的用于电压稳定性评估的指标。
电压不稳定现象往往是从系统的某个薄弱负荷节点或某个薄弱区域开始,逐渐蔓延到整个系统,最后导致全系统的电压降落甚至电压崩溃。根据这个本质,本文采用局部电压稳定指标L确定系统内的薄弱负荷节点,构成薄弱负荷节点集。
整个电力系统可以看作有若干条功率传输路径组成,由于电压失稳本质上是一种局部现象,因此对于一个系统,往往可以找到最易于电压失稳的功率传输路径,在此基础上,结合路径等值可以导出系统的电压稳定性指标。
针对实际的复杂系统,本文应用局部电压稳定性指标确定薄弱负荷节点,并借助功率实际的传输方向确定路径参与节点和关键功率源点,得到系统功率路径传输的薄弱路径集,通过等值得到路径的电压稳定性指标,并进一步得到关键发电机的无功储备指标。
在这种方法的基础上,本文应用Visual C++开发了相关的电力系统电压稳定性评估系统,通过此系统,用户可以对系统进行常规的潮流计算和电压稳定性分析计算,系统能为用户提供薄弱负荷节点、系统薄弱路径、关键发电机无功储备指标、系统稳定裕度等数据。本文通过新英格兰10机39节点的算例对该系统的准确性和操作性进行了测试,得到了满意的效果。
最后,利用该系统,对山东电网电压稳定性进行了评估计算。
Seventies in the last century, there were several power utilities related to voltage instability in the world, and the instability resulted in large economic loss and significant social influence. After that, the study of voltage stability has gradually become experts and scholars' concerns, but compared to the study of power angle stability, the study of voltage stability is still not enough depth.
With the rapid development of our country's economy, power grid construction has become more urgent. There has raised some new challenges at the some time meet the balance between supply and demand for the grid. With the huge interconnected power network, many complex dynamic phenomena appear in operation and the destructions caused by voltage instability have a great affect on the whole society and the national economy. So we should search for a method which can assess the voltage stability of a power system quickly and accurately. The main work and contents of this thesis are as follows:
In this thesis, we summarize the definition of voltage stability, the classification of voltage stability, the mechanism of voltage collapse and the content of voltage stability's analysis. We introduce several commonly used static and dynamic voltage stability analysis methods, and introduce several representative voltage stability indexes in detail.
Voltage instability often starts from a weak load node or a weak area of the power system, and generally spreads to the entire system, and results in the voltage landing or even voltage collapse. According to the nature, we use local voltage stability index L to determine the weak load nodes, and the load nodes constitute a set of weak load node.
The whole power system can be seen as a collection of power transmission paths. Although power transmission paths are very complex in practical power systems, the voltage stability degree of power systems can be represented by the voltage stability of the power transmission path which is the most prone to voltage instability due to the local nature of voltage instability problems. So we can find the weakest power transmission path first, and then obtain the index of voltage stability with the equivalent of the transmission path.
With regard to the complexity of actual systems, this thesis uses the local voltage stability to search the weak load nodes. Then, we search the participative nodes and key power sources with the directions of the actual power flow which gain from the power flow calculation. Those participative nodes and key power sources can make up the transmission paths set, and it is easy to calculate the voltage stability index of a transmission path and key generator reactive power reserves.
On the base of this method, we produce software to assess the voltage stability of a power system with Visual C++. The users can calculate the common power flow and the voltage stability of a power system. The software can provide the list of weak load nodes, system weak path, and reactive power reserve of the key generators for the users. The simulation results of the New England test system demonstrate that the accuracy and interoperability of the system is very satisfactory.
At last, we use the software to assess the voltage stability of the Shandong electrical network.
随着我国经济的快速发展,电网的建设也变得更加迫切,在满足供求平衡的同时也对电网的安全提出了一些新的挑战。例如由于我国电力系统联网格局的逐步建立,电网的运行呈现出更为复杂的动态行为,电压稳定性的破坏对社会和国民经济所产生的负面影响也将更为巨大。因此,寻找一种能够快速对电力系统电压稳定性进行评估的方法并开发出相应的评估系统对电网的安全运行有着重要的意义。论文的主要工作内容和成果如下:
本文较全面总结了电压稳定的定义、分类、电压崩溃机理和电压稳定的研究内容。介绍了当前比较常用的几种电压稳定性静态和动态分析方法,并详细的介绍了几种具有代表性的用于电压稳定性评估的指标。
电压不稳定现象往往是从系统的某个薄弱负荷节点或某个薄弱区域开始,逐渐蔓延到整个系统,最后导致全系统的电压降落甚至电压崩溃。根据这个本质,本文采用局部电压稳定指标L确定系统内的薄弱负荷节点,构成薄弱负荷节点集。
整个电力系统可以看作有若干条功率传输路径组成,由于电压失稳本质上是一种局部现象,因此对于一个系统,往往可以找到最易于电压失稳的功率传输路径,在此基础上,结合路径等值可以导出系统的电压稳定性指标。
针对实际的复杂系统,本文应用局部电压稳定性指标确定薄弱负荷节点,并借助功率实际的传输方向确定路径参与节点和关键功率源点,得到系统功率路径传输的薄弱路径集,通过等值得到路径的电压稳定性指标,并进一步得到关键发电机的无功储备指标。
在这种方法的基础上,本文应用Visual C++开发了相关的电力系统电压稳定性评估系统,通过此系统,用户可以对系统进行常规的潮流计算和电压稳定性分析计算,系统能为用户提供薄弱负荷节点、系统薄弱路径、关键发电机无功储备指标、系统稳定裕度等数据。本文通过新英格兰10机39节点的算例对该系统的准确性和操作性进行了测试,得到了满意的效果。
最后,利用该系统,对山东电网电压稳定性进行了评估计算。
Seventies in the last century, there were several power utilities related to voltage instability in the world, and the instability resulted in large economic loss and significant social influence. After that, the study of voltage stability has gradually become experts and scholars' concerns, but compared to the study of power angle stability, the study of voltage stability is still not enough depth.
With the rapid development of our country's economy, power grid construction has become more urgent. There has raised some new challenges at the some time meet the balance between supply and demand for the grid. With the huge interconnected power network, many complex dynamic phenomena appear in operation and the destructions caused by voltage instability have a great affect on the whole society and the national economy. So we should search for a method which can assess the voltage stability of a power system quickly and accurately. The main work and contents of this thesis are as follows:
In this thesis, we summarize the definition of voltage stability, the classification of voltage stability, the mechanism of voltage collapse and the content of voltage stability's analysis. We introduce several commonly used static and dynamic voltage stability analysis methods, and introduce several representative voltage stability indexes in detail.
Voltage instability often starts from a weak load node or a weak area of the power system, and generally spreads to the entire system, and results in the voltage landing or even voltage collapse. According to the nature, we use local voltage stability index L to determine the weak load nodes, and the load nodes constitute a set of weak load node.
The whole power system can be seen as a collection of power transmission paths. Although power transmission paths are very complex in practical power systems, the voltage stability degree of power systems can be represented by the voltage stability of the power transmission path which is the most prone to voltage instability due to the local nature of voltage instability problems. So we can find the weakest power transmission path first, and then obtain the index of voltage stability with the equivalent of the transmission path.
With regard to the complexity of actual systems, this thesis uses the local voltage stability to search the weak load nodes. Then, we search the participative nodes and key power sources with the directions of the actual power flow which gain from the power flow calculation. Those participative nodes and key power sources can make up the transmission paths set, and it is easy to calculate the voltage stability index of a transmission path and key generator reactive power reserves.
On the base of this method, we produce software to assess the voltage stability of a power system with Visual C++. The users can calculate the common power flow and the voltage stability of a power system. The software can provide the list of weak load nodes, system weak path, and reactive power reserve of the key generators for the users. The simulation results of the New England test system demonstrate that the accuracy and interoperability of the system is very satisfactory.
At last, we use the software to assess the voltage stability of the Shandong electrical network.
引文
[1]Carson W.Taylor.电力系统电压稳定.北京:中国电力出版社.
[2]鲁顺,高立群,王珂,等.莫斯科大停电分析及启示.继电器,2006,34(16):27-31.
[3]屈靖,郭剑波.“九五”期间我国电网事故统计分析.电网技术,2004,24(21):60-63.
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[7]GIGRE Task Force 38.02.10,"Cigre technical brochure:Modeling of voltage collapse including dynamic phenomena",ELECTRA No.147 April 1993.
[8]中华人民共和国电力行业标准,电力系统安全稳定导则(DL 755-2001),中国电力出版社,2001年6月
[9]IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force,Definition and classification of power system stability,CIGRE,2003.
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[21]Da Silva L C P,Da Costa V F,Xu W.Assessment of generator impact on system power transfer capability using modal participation factors.IEE Proceedings:Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2002,149(5):564-570.
[22]李兴源,王秀英.基于静态等值和奇异值分解的快速电压稳定性分析方法.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):1-5.
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[27]彭志炜,胡国根,韩祯祥.有载调压变压器调整对电力系电压稳定性的影响.中国电机工程学报,1998,18(6):408-412.
[28]K.T.Vu,C.C.Liu,Shrinking stability regions and voltage collapse in power systems,IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1992,39(4):271-289.
[29]C.D.Vournas,Voltage stability and controllability indices for multimachine power system,IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1995,3(10):1183-1194
[30]A.Borghetti,R.Caldon,A.Mari,C.A.Nucci.On Dynamic Load Models for Voltage Stability Studies.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(1):293-299.
[31]韩祯祥.电压稳定分析问题的机理和建模及实用算法研究.华中理工大学博士论文.1992:37-91.
[32]徐泰山.电力系统动态电压稳定性研究.浙江大学博士论文.1996:22-66.
[33]Lof P A,Hill D J,Amborg S.On the analysis of long-term voltage stability.International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,1993,15(4):229-237.
[34]Cutsem T V,Jacquemart Y,Marquet J N,et al.A comprehensive analysis of mid-term voltage stability.IEEE Transactions on Power System,1995,10(3):1173-1182..
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[55]山东电网概况.山东电力集团公司网站.http://www.sepco.com.cn.
[2]鲁顺,高立群,王珂,等.莫斯科大停电分析及启示.继电器,2006,34(16):27-31.
[3]屈靖,郭剑波.“九五”期间我国电网事故统计分析.电网技术,2004,24(21):60-63.
[4]IEEE Committee Report.Voltage stability of power systems:concepts,analytical tool,and industry experience.New York:IEEE Publication 90~(TH)0358-2-PWR,1990.
[5]GIGRE Task Force 38.02.10,"Criteria and countermeasures for voltage collapse",GIGRE,October 1995.
[6]GIGRE Working Group 34.08,"Protection against voltage collapse",Edited by D.Karlsson,GIGRE,21 Rued'Artois-F-75008 PARIS.
[7]GIGRE Task Force 38.02.10,"Cigre technical brochure:Modeling of voltage collapse including dynamic phenomena",ELECTRA No.147 April 1993.
[8]中华人民共和国电力行业标准,电力系统安全稳定导则(DL 755-2001),中国电力出版社,2001年6月
[9]IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force,Definition and classification of power system stability,CIGRE,2003.
[10]CIGRE Task Force 38.02.10,"Modeling of Voltage Collapse including Dynamic Phenomena",Electra,No.147,Apr.1993:71-77.
[11]Y.Tamura,H.Moil,S.Iwamoto,"Relationship between Voltage Instability and Multiple Load Flow Solutions in Electric Power Systems",IEEE Trans on PAS,102(5),1983:1115-1125.
[12]IEEE Committee Report,"Suggested techniques for Voltage Analysis",IEEE/PES 93TH0620-5PWR,1993.
[13]韩祯祥,电力系统稳定,中国电力出版社,1995年5月.
[14]王梅义,吴竞昌,蒙定中,大电网系统技术(第二版),中国电力出版社,1995年6月.
[15]IEEE Power System Stability Subcommittee Special Publication,Voltage stability assessment,procedures and guides,Final draft,1999;
[16]N.Flatabo,R.Ognedel,T.Carlsen,Voltage stability condition in a power transmission system calculated by sensitibity methods,IEEE Trans.on PWRS,5(4),1999:1286-1293.
[17]Haque M H.Determination of steady-state voltage stability limit using P-Q curve.IEEE Power Engineering Review,2002,22(4):71-72.
[18]Haque M H.Novel method of assessing voltage stability of a power system using stability boundary in P-Q plane.Electric Power Systems Research,2003,64(1):35-40.
[19]P.A.Lof,G.Andersson,D.J.Hill,Voltage stability Indies for stressed power systems,IEEE Transaction on Power Systems,1993,8(1):326-335.
[20]Bao B,Morison G K,Kundur P.Voltage stability evaluation using modal analysis.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1992,7(4):1529-1542.
[21]Da Silva L C P,Da Costa V F,Xu W.Assessment of generator impact on system power transfer capability using modal participation factors.IEE Proceedings:Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2002,149(5):564-570.
[22]李兴源,王秀英.基于静态等值和奇异值分解的快速电压稳定性分析方法.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):1-5.
[23]R.Seydel,"From equilibrium to chaos:practical bifurcation and stability analysis" Elsevier Science Publish Co.Inc.1988.
[24]AJ.Flueck,J.R.Dondeti,"A new continuation power flow tool for investigating the nonlinear effects of transmission branch parameter variations",IEEE Trans on PWRS,15(1),2000:223-227.
[25]I.Dobson,L.Lu,New methods for computing a closest saddle node bifurcation and worst case load power margin for voltage collapse,IEEE Trans.on PWRS.8(3),1993:95-913.
[26]F.Alvarado,I.Dobson,Y.Hu,Computation of closest bifurcations in power systems,IEEE Trans.on PWRS,9(2),1992:918-928.
[27]彭志炜,胡国根,韩祯祥.有载调压变压器调整对电力系电压稳定性的影响.中国电机工程学报,1998,18(6):408-412.
[28]K.T.Vu,C.C.Liu,Shrinking stability regions and voltage collapse in power systems,IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1992,39(4):271-289.
[29]C.D.Vournas,Voltage stability and controllability indices for multimachine power system,IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1995,3(10):1183-1194
[30]A.Borghetti,R.Caldon,A.Mari,C.A.Nucci.On Dynamic Load Models for Voltage Stability Studies.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(1):293-299.
[31]韩祯祥.电压稳定分析问题的机理和建模及实用算法研究.华中理工大学博士论文.1992:37-91.
[32]徐泰山.电力系统动态电压稳定性研究.浙江大学博士论文.1996:22-66.
[33]Lof P A,Hill D J,Amborg S.On the analysis of long-term voltage stability.International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,1993,15(4):229-237.
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