基于PSD-FDS的电网中长期动态仿真
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摘要
现代大型互联电力系统是一个高度复杂的非线性的系统,稳定性相关问题多而且复杂,其表现形式也是多种多样。由于电力系统中系统元件和控制装置的增加,系统的规模的不断增大和结构更加复杂化,当系统在遭受扰动之后,不仅系统的暂态稳定问题应得到关注,中长期的动态电压稳定性问题也应得到更多的重视。本论文利用电力系统全过程动态仿真软件(PSD-FDS),在仿真中加入中长期动态模型,研究分析其对系统稳定性的影响；并以2015年云南电网为例,对大规模、复杂的实际电力系统的中长期动态稳定性问题进行了全面有效的分析。
本文首先阐述现代互联大电网的特点和所存在的问题,并对国内外的电力系统仿真技术进行简要介绍。详细介绍中国电科院的电力系统全过程动态仿真软件(PSD-FDS)的算法和特点,及其典型的中长期数学模型。通过仿真算例研究分析中长期动态模型对系统稳定性的影响,包括锅炉及其调速器模型、自动发电控制(AGC)模型、发电机过励磁限制模型和有载调压变压器(OLTC)模型,详细仿真分析了有载调压变压器(OLTC)分接头的动作在不同的负荷特性下对系统稳定性的影响,及其不同的动作策略下对系统稳定性的影响。
最后以电力系统全过程动态仿真软件(PSD-FDS)为仿真平台,建立云南电网中长期仿真数据并进行仿真研究分析,探讨在大规模复杂的实际电力系统下,突显的电网中长期电压稳定性问题。在某些扰动下,电网可能不会有暂态稳定问题,但发电机过励磁和有载调压变压器的加入,使得电网在中长期仿真过程中出现了电压稳定性问题。锅炉及其调速器模型和感应电动机负荷模型的加入,使得电网的建模更加的准确,仿真结果更贴合实际电网的动态响应特性。
Large-Scale Interconnected Power System is an extreme complex nonlinear system, its problems related to the stability are increasingly complicated, which shows varied forms. With the growing scale and complexity of power system, not only the transient stability of the power system should be concerned after subjected to a large disturbance, but also the mid-long term voltage stabilization should get more attention. In this thesis, considering the detailed dynamic models of mid-long term processes, many researches about power system stability have been done based on Full Dynamic Simulation (PSD-FDS). According to the construction of Yunnan Power Grid in2015, this thesis analysed mid-long term voltage stabilization in large-scale power system.
Combining with the nationwide AC-DC interconnected power system in China, this thesis described the Large-Scale Interconnected Power System characteristics and the problems. The new mixed integral algorithm and the characteristics of Full Dynamic Simulation (PSD-FDS) software are introduced, and its typical mid-long term dynamic models. In Chapter III, analyze the mid-long term dynamic models which affect the power system stabilization by simulation, including boiler and its control system;automatic generation control (AGC); over excitation limiter (OXL) and on-load tap changer (OLTC). This thesis analyzed how the OLTC affect the system mid-long term voltage stabilization undering different load recovery characteristic and different action, respectively.
In Chapter IV, the data of Yunnan Power Grid in2015is established which including the necessary mid-long term dynamic models, analyze the stabilization of this practical power system, especially its mid-long term voltage stabilization. For some disturbances, the system may not face any transient instability problem in short-term but may suffer from voltage instability problem in mid-long term because of the OXL and OLTC. Boiler and induction motor loads are important factors for accurately modeling the power grid system.
本文首先阐述现代互联大电网的特点和所存在的问题,并对国内外的电力系统仿真技术进行简要介绍。详细介绍中国电科院的电力系统全过程动态仿真软件(PSD-FDS)的算法和特点,及其典型的中长期数学模型。通过仿真算例研究分析中长期动态模型对系统稳定性的影响,包括锅炉及其调速器模型、自动发电控制(AGC)模型、发电机过励磁限制模型和有载调压变压器(OLTC)模型,详细仿真分析了有载调压变压器(OLTC)分接头的动作在不同的负荷特性下对系统稳定性的影响,及其不同的动作策略下对系统稳定性的影响。
最后以电力系统全过程动态仿真软件(PSD-FDS)为仿真平台,建立云南电网中长期仿真数据并进行仿真研究分析,探讨在大规模复杂的实际电力系统下,突显的电网中长期电压稳定性问题。在某些扰动下,电网可能不会有暂态稳定问题,但发电机过励磁和有载调压变压器的加入,使得电网在中长期仿真过程中出现了电压稳定性问题。锅炉及其调速器模型和感应电动机负荷模型的加入,使得电网的建模更加的准确,仿真结果更贴合实际电网的动态响应特性。
Large-Scale Interconnected Power System is an extreme complex nonlinear system, its problems related to the stability are increasingly complicated, which shows varied forms. With the growing scale and complexity of power system, not only the transient stability of the power system should be concerned after subjected to a large disturbance, but also the mid-long term voltage stabilization should get more attention. In this thesis, considering the detailed dynamic models of mid-long term processes, many researches about power system stability have been done based on Full Dynamic Simulation (PSD-FDS). According to the construction of Yunnan Power Grid in2015, this thesis analysed mid-long term voltage stabilization in large-scale power system.
Combining with the nationwide AC-DC interconnected power system in China, this thesis described the Large-Scale Interconnected Power System characteristics and the problems. The new mixed integral algorithm and the characteristics of Full Dynamic Simulation (PSD-FDS) software are introduced, and its typical mid-long term dynamic models. In Chapter III, analyze the mid-long term dynamic models which affect the power system stabilization by simulation, including boiler and its control system;automatic generation control (AGC); over excitation limiter (OXL) and on-load tap changer (OLTC). This thesis analyzed how the OLTC affect the system mid-long term voltage stabilization undering different load recovery characteristic and different action, respectively.
In Chapter IV, the data of Yunnan Power Grid in2015is established which including the necessary mid-long term dynamic models, analyze the stabilization of this practical power system, especially its mid-long term voltage stabilization. For some disturbances, the system may not face any transient instability problem in short-term but may suffer from voltage instability problem in mid-long term because of the OXL and OLTC. Boiler and induction motor loads are important factors for accurately modeling the power grid system.
引文
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[2]陈海波.国内外城市大面积停电分析及启示[J].广东电力.2008,21(2)：34-39.
[3]印永华,郭剑波,赵建军.美加“8.14”大停电事故初步分析以及应吸取的教训[J].电网技术.2003,27(10)：8-16.
[4]Taylor Carson W.电力系统电压稳定[M].1.北京：中国电力出版,2002.
[5]Kundur Prabha电力系统稳定与控制[M].1.北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[6]汤涌.电力系统全过程动态(机电暂态与中长期动态过程)仿真技术与软件研究[D].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2002.
[7]赵光明.基于电力系统全过程动态仿真的数值算法和模型研究[D].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2001.
[8]宋新立,汤涌,刘文焯,等.电力系统全过程动态仿真的组合数值积分算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报.2009,29(28)：23-29.
[9]汤涌,宋新立,刘文焯,等.电力系统全过程动态仿真的数值方法_电力系统全过程动态仿真软件开发之一[J].电网技术.2002,26(9)：7-12,28.
[10]汤涌,宋新立,刘文焯,等.电力系统全过程动态仿真中的长过程动态模型_电力系统全过程动态仿真软件开发之三[J].电网技术.2002,26(11)：20-25,52.
[11]关振坚.电力系统中长期稳定计算的火电厂模型研究及软件开发[D].河北：华北电力大学,2006.
[12]Van Thierry C, Costas V. Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems [M].1 ed. Springer, 2007.
[13]周双喜,安宁,王利锋,等.有载调压变压器影响电压稳定性的仿真研究[J].电力系统及其自动化学报.2006,18(2)：54-58.
[14]IEEE Working Group on prime mover and energy supply models for system dynamic performance studies. Dynamic models for fossil fueled steam units in power system studies [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 1991,6(2):753-761.
[15]Van T Cutsem. Voltage Instability:Phenomenon, Countermeasures and Analysis Methods [J]. Proc. IEEE. 2000(88):208-227.
[16]Canizares A C, Alvarado L F. Point of collapse and continuation methods for large AC/DC systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.1993,8(1):1-8.
[17]Canizares A C, Alvarado L F, Demarco L C, et al. Point of Collapse Methods Applied to AC/DC Power Systems[J]. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.1992, 7(2):673-683.
[18]Canizares C A. Voltage Collapse and Transient Energy Function Analysis of AC/DC Systems[M]. Madison:University of Wisconsin,1991.
[19]Chao L, Xiang Y R, Yuan Z. Analysis on Mechanisms of Mid and Longer-Term Voltage Instability[C]. International Conference on Power System Technolog: 2006.
[20]Dobson, I. Observations on the Geometry of Saddle Node Bifurcations, and Voltage Collapse in Electrical Power Systems[J]. Circuits and Systems I:Fundamental Theory and App.1992, 39(3): 240-243.
[21]Flynn M E, O'Malley M J. A Drum Boiler Model for Long Term Power System Dynamic Simulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.1999, 14(1).
[22]Kundur P. Power system stability and control[M]. 1ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc, 1994.
[23]Kundur P, Paserba J, Ajjarapu V, et al. Definition and classification of Power system stability IEEE/CIGRE joint task force on stability terms and definitions [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.2004, 19(3):1387-1401.
[24]Rogers G. Power System Oscillations [M]. USA:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
[25]包黎听,段献忠,何仰赞.有载调压变压器对电压稳定影响的仿真分析[J].华中理工大学学报.2000,28(10)：61-63.
[26]曾德文.全国电力系统联网的基本格局及其分析[J].中国电力.1999,32(10)：29-33.
[27]常永吉,于继来.综合变量分组与退出策略的电力系统长过程动态数值仿真方法[J].电力系统保护与控制.2009,37(20)：23-27,33.
[28]陈文广.电力系统长期电压稳定全过程混合动态仿真[D].广州：华南理工大学,2010.
[29]范海利,卢志刚,欧家祥OLTC和OXL的动态特性对电力系统长期电压稳定性的影响研究[J].中国西部科技.2011,10(5)：7-9.
[30]高崇.基于EUROSTAG的电网中长期动态稳定仿真研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2008.
[31]管秀鹏.南方电网暂态电压稳定分析研究[D].北京：清华大学,2004.
[32]韩祯祥.电力系统稳定[M].].北京：中国电力出版社,1995.
[33]胡立强.基于PSS/E的新疆电网电压稳定性分析[D].乌鲁木齐：新疆大学,2008.
[34]寇凌岳.基于Eurostag的大区互联电网若干稳定问题研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2008.
[35]雷毕宏.有载调压变压器对电压稳定性的影响[J].云南水力发电.2005,21(5)：57-59.
[36]李威.大电网暂态稳定控制优化研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2003.
[37]李颖,韦斌,贺仁睦.有载调压变压器对系统中长期电压稳定性影响的仿真研究[J].现代电力.2005,22(2)：25-28.
[38]倪以信.电力系统动态安全分析[M].1.北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
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