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水溶液电沉积Fe-Nd-P、Fe-Ce-P稀土合金薄膜
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摘要
稀土薄膜已广泛地应用在磁学、光学、电催化和超导器件等领域。这类稀土薄膜功能材料已引起了材料工作者的广泛关注。
     本文首先综述了稀土的性质和应用,阐述了水溶液电沉积稀土合金的理论原理,并分析了从水溶液中电沉积出稀土合金的可行性。
     其次,本文对水溶液电沉积Fe-Nd-P和Fe-Ce-P稀土合金薄膜进行了研究。成功地在Cu基体上电沉积出厚度达5μm以上的黑色的稀土合金薄膜。镀液主要组分为:氯化钕(或氯化铈),氯化亚铁,亚磷酸,柠檬酸,氯化铵。研究发现:柠檬酸络合剂和Cu基体能使稀土元素的还原电位正移,使稀土元素电沉积成为可能。研究了金属盐浓度比、络合剂浓度、镀液pH值、温度和施镀时间对镀层沉积速率及成分的影响,得出了能实现Fe、Nd、P三种元素共沉积且镀层稀土元素Nd含量高、镀层质最好的工艺因素。利用扫描电镜进行了表面形貌分析,发现镀态样品表面平整、光滑。
     在此基础上,本文研究了合金成分及热处理温度对合金镀层显微硬度的影响。通过测试镀层的显微硬度发现:稀土合金镀层的硬度比基体Cu的硬度大,Fe-Nd-P镀层硬度比不含稀土的镀层硬度大,稀土元素Ce含量高的Fe-Ce-P镀层硬度比不含稀土的镀层硬度大。在300℃到600℃热处理后,随着退火温度的升高,镀层硬度值降低。
     研究了Fe-Nd-P和Fe-Ce-P合金镀层的磁性能,经测量发现Fe-Nd-P、Fe-Ce-P合金镀态样品与没有加稀土的Fe-P合金镀态样品相比,饱和磁化强度、剩余磁化强度和矫顽力都要高。
Thin films of rare earths have been applied widely in magnetic, optical, electrolytic and superconductor devices, and aroused many material researchers' interests.
    In this paper, the properties and application of rare earth are summarized. Theory and possibilities for electrodeposition of rare earth metals and their alloys from aqueous solutions are discussed.
    The electrodeposition of Fe-Nd-P and Fe-Ce-P alloy films in aqueous solution was studied. The black films with a thickness up to 5m of Fe-Nd-P and Fe-Ce-P alloys were successfully prepared on copper substrate by electrodeposition from aqueous bath. The role bath components include NdCl3(or CeCl3), FeCl2, H3PO3, Cit and NH4C1. The reduction potential of rare earth shifted positively due to the complexing agent (formed with citric acid) and the copper substrate, which made rare earth alloy films deposition possible. The effects of the concentration ratio of metallic salt, complexing agent, pH value, bath temperature and plating time on deposition rate and composition are studied. Proper technological parameters were obtained for the realization of the codeposition of Fe-Nd-P alloys with high Nd content and fine quality. The appearance of alloy films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The result shows that the surface of alloy films is smooth.
    In addition, the effects of alloy composition and heat treatment temperature on the microhardness of alloy films were studied in this paper. The results of the microhardness of films show that the rare earth alloy films have higher hardness than Cu substrate material. Fe-Nd-P alloy films and Fe-Ce-P alloy films which own high Ce content have higher hardness than rare earth-free Fe-P alloy films. After heat treating from 300 C to 600 C , hardness of rare earth alloy films decreases with the increase of annealing temperature.
    Magnetic behaviors of Fe-Nd-P and Fe-Ce-P alloy films are studied. Magnetic measurements show that the saturate intensity of magnetization , remanence and coercive force of these alloy films are higher than those of the rare earth-free Fe-P alloy films.
引文
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