AZ91D镁合金表面火焰喷涂Ni/Al涂层的研究
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摘要
镁合金是一种优质的轻质结构材料,有着极其广阔的应用前景。在所有结构用金属及合金材料中,镁的密度最低。与其它金属结构材料相比,镁及其合金具有比强度、比刚度高,减震阻尼性、电磁屏蔽和抗辐射能力强,切削加工性能优良,易于回收再利用等一系列优点。
但是镁合金表面的耐蚀和耐磨性能较差,即使在大气环境中存放也会很快腐蚀,影响了其广泛应用。因此有必要对其进行防护处理。本文采用热喷涂方法在镁合金AZ91表面制备Ni/Al涂层,来解决这一问题。
采用热喷涂方法在镁合金表面制备涂层,应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)等测试手段对热喷涂涂层的组织和常规性能进行分析,采用浸泡试验评价涂层的耐蚀性,采用磨粒磨损试验评价涂层的耐磨性。本文研究成果如下：
1、采用火焰喷涂Ni/Al自发热复合粉末的方法,在AZ91镁合金表面制备涂层。Ni/Al自发热复合粉末涂层能对镁合基体起到很好的保护用,涂层均匀致密,具有较好的耐磨和耐蚀性。
2、加入适量的稀土Y能提高涂层的耐磨性和耐蚀性能。当涂层中稀土含量过高时,反而会对涂层的综合性能产生不良的影响。经扩散热处理后,这种趋势更加明显。
3、扩散处理将改变涂层和基体交界处的微观组织,有效提高涂层的耐磨性、耐蚀性能、结合强度和显微硬度。
4、在采用火焰喷涂Ni/Al复合粉末在镁合金表面制备的涂层中,当喷涂粉末中添加的稀土Y含量为1%左右时,所获涂层的显微硬度、耐蚀性、耐磨性以及涂层与基体的结合强度都比较好,经扩散热处理后,其综合性能均有改善。
Magnesium alloys are promising materials lightweight constructions due to their high specific strength and stiffness. Compared with other metal structural materials, the intensity and rigidity of magnesium and alloy are highter, it is strong to reduce and shake damping, electromagnetic shielding and ability to resist radiation, cut and process of good performancly, easy to retrieve the advantage of utilizing etc.
However, the use of Mg alloys anodizing,electroplating and conversion coating have been used to improve their surface properties The article has shown that the thermal spray process has an enormous potential for the surface modification of Mg alloys.
Ni/Al coating on magnesium alloy AZ91D substrate was fabricated by flame spraying. The microstructure and composition of the coating were analyzed by scanning electronic microscope(SEM)and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), Corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the coating were tested. Results are as follows:
1、thermal spray was investigated for improving the surface performance of magnesium alloy. The coatings on AZ91 magnesium alloy were prepared by thermal spraying Ni/Al coatings can protect the magnesium alloy substrate, and the coating was homogeneous and dense.
2、The corrosion resistance and wear resistance of coatings can be improved by adding moderate Y.
3、The results show that a diffusion fusion layer is formed between the substrate and the coating, and the integrating strength is proved.
4、In the flame spraying Ni/Al composite powders prepared in the magnesium alloy surface coating, when added to spray powder of rare earth Y content of about 1%, the obtained coating hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance as well as the coating and the substrate bonding strength than good, by the proliferation of heat treatment, its overall performance showed some improvements.
但是镁合金表面的耐蚀和耐磨性能较差,即使在大气环境中存放也会很快腐蚀,影响了其广泛应用。因此有必要对其进行防护处理。本文采用热喷涂方法在镁合金AZ91表面制备Ni/Al涂层,来解决这一问题。
采用热喷涂方法在镁合金表面制备涂层,应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)等测试手段对热喷涂涂层的组织和常规性能进行分析,采用浸泡试验评价涂层的耐蚀性,采用磨粒磨损试验评价涂层的耐磨性。本文研究成果如下：
1、采用火焰喷涂Ni/Al自发热复合粉末的方法,在AZ91镁合金表面制备涂层。Ni/Al自发热复合粉末涂层能对镁合基体起到很好的保护用,涂层均匀致密,具有较好的耐磨和耐蚀性。
2、加入适量的稀土Y能提高涂层的耐磨性和耐蚀性能。当涂层中稀土含量过高时,反而会对涂层的综合性能产生不良的影响。经扩散热处理后,这种趋势更加明显。
3、扩散处理将改变涂层和基体交界处的微观组织,有效提高涂层的耐磨性、耐蚀性能、结合强度和显微硬度。
4、在采用火焰喷涂Ni/Al复合粉末在镁合金表面制备的涂层中,当喷涂粉末中添加的稀土Y含量为1%左右时,所获涂层的显微硬度、耐蚀性、耐磨性以及涂层与基体的结合强度都比较好,经扩散热处理后,其综合性能均有改善。
Magnesium alloys are promising materials lightweight constructions due to their high specific strength and stiffness. Compared with other metal structural materials, the intensity and rigidity of magnesium and alloy are highter, it is strong to reduce and shake damping, electromagnetic shielding and ability to resist radiation, cut and process of good performancly, easy to retrieve the advantage of utilizing etc.
However, the use of Mg alloys anodizing,electroplating and conversion coating have been used to improve their surface properties The article has shown that the thermal spray process has an enormous potential for the surface modification of Mg alloys.
Ni/Al coating on magnesium alloy AZ91D substrate was fabricated by flame spraying. The microstructure and composition of the coating were analyzed by scanning electronic microscope(SEM)and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), Corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the coating were tested. Results are as follows:
1、thermal spray was investigated for improving the surface performance of magnesium alloy. The coatings on AZ91 magnesium alloy were prepared by thermal spraying Ni/Al coatings can protect the magnesium alloy substrate, and the coating was homogeneous and dense.
2、The corrosion resistance and wear resistance of coatings can be improved by adding moderate Y.
3、The results show that a diffusion fusion layer is formed between the substrate and the coating, and the integrating strength is proved.
4、In the flame spraying Ni/Al composite powders prepared in the magnesium alloy surface coating, when added to spray powder of rare earth Y content of about 1%, the obtained coating hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance as well as the coating and the substrate bonding strength than good, by the proliferation of heat treatment, its overall performance showed some improvements.
引文
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[6]B、L、Moraine, T, Ebert, Magnesium properties—applications—potential, Materials Science and Engineering[M].2001,A302-45
[7]张永君,严川伟,王福会,曹楚南,镁的应用及其腐蚀与防护[J].材料保护,2002,35(4)4-6
[8]唐嫤林,曾大本,镁合金的应用发展现状[J].机械工人：热加工,2002(9)：32-35
[9]祁庆琚,镁合金的研究进展[J].上海有色金属学报,2005,(3)43-49
[10]吕宜振,王渠东、曾小勤、丁文江,朱燕萍,镁合金在汽车上的应用现状[J].材料工艺设备,1999。(8)：28-31
[11]A.M Merle.The contribution of surface engineering to the product performance in the automotive industry swface and Coatings Technology[M].2003,174-175:21-26
[12]边风刚,李国禄,刘金海,刘家浚,镁合金表面处理的发展现状[J].材料保护.2002,(3)：1-4
[13]攀昱,吴国华,高洪涛,翟春泉,镁合金腐蚀的研究现状及发展趋势[J].铸造技术.2004,(12)：941-944
[14]林翠,李晓刚,李明,王凤平,Mg合金AZ91D在城市大气环境中的腐蚀行为[J].金属学报.2004,(2)：191-196
[15]林翠,李晓刚.AZ91D镁合金在含SO2大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为[J].中国有色金属学报.2004,(10)：1658-1665
[16]S. Mathieu, C. Raping, J. Steinmetz. P. Steinmetz.A corrosion study of the main constituent phases of AZ91 magnesium alloys[J]. Corrosion science.2003, 45:2741-2755
[17]陈长军,王茂才,刘一鸣.镁合金表面改性新技术[J].材料科学与腐蚀技术.2004,(7)：215-217
[18]吴清波,刘培英,周铁涛,镁合金的耐腐蚀表面防护技术[J].航空维修工程.2005,(1)：57-60
[19]李卫平,朱立群.镁及其合金表面防护性涂层国外研究进展[J].材料保护.2005,38(2)：41-47
[20]余刚,刘跃龙,李瑛,叶立元,郭小华,赵亮.Mg合金的腐蚀与防护[J].中国有色金属学报.2002,(12)：1087-1098
[21]J.E Gray, B. Luan. protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys a critical review[J]. Journal of alloys and Compounds.2002,336:88-113
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