双站合成孔径雷达技术的研究
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摘要
双站合成孔径雷达(简称双站SAR)是一种新的成像雷达体制。在简要介绍了合成孔径雷达的成像原理后，本文着重从原理方面对双站SAR进行了分析，讨论双站SAR的方位向分辨率，测绘带宽，聚焦深度，脉冲重复频率限制，雷达方程等问题，然后对发射机固定的双站SAR这种特殊的双站SAR模式进行分析。
相位同步问题是双站SAR的一个关键技术问题，本文提出用直接同步法和间接同步法解决，并着重讨论了两种方法中可能出现的一次相位误差、二次相位误差、正弦相位误差对成像的影响。
发射机固定的双站SAR的典型应用是用原有的海岸警戒雷达和飞行平台上的接收机组成成像雷达，主要用途是对海面船只成像，因此必须解决在此种情况下对运动目标成像的问题。本文分析了发射机固定的双站SAR情况下的运动目标回波信号模型，应用WVD变换对发射机固定的双站SAR回波的多普勒信号参数进行估计，并采用WVD-Radon变换来抑制WVD的交叉项，以调整滤波器参数，实现发射机固定的双站SAR对运动目标聚焦成像。
对以上分析均给出计算机仿真结果予以验证。
Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (Bistatic SAR) is a new system of imaging radar. This paper's study is focused on the principle of Bistatic SAR on the basis of giving a brief introduction of SAR principle, including azimuth resolution, mapping width, focusing deepness, pulse repetition frequency limitation and radar equation etc. Then the paper studies the special form of Bistatic SAR with stationary transmitter.
The paper gives two ways to solve the Phase synchronization, which is a key technology to Bistatic SAR, namely direct synchronization and indirect synchronization. Meanwhile, the paper also studies the affection of linear phase error, quadratic phase error and sine phase error which are engendered by the method mentioned of the paper upon imaging.
The typical use of bistatic SAR with stationary transmitter, which is made up of the original coast guardian radar and the receiver on the aircraft, is imaging sea vessels. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of moving target imaging. This paper studies the characteristic of scatter from moving target in the situation of bistatic SAR with stationary transmitter. The WVD method is used in the paper to estimate the Doppler frequency parameter of the moving targets; the WVD-Radon method is used to restrain the cross-term. Then we can use the result to adjust the parameter of the filter, and to achieve the moving targets imaging of bistatic SAR.
The results of computer simulation are given to demonstrate that the conclusion of the paper is correct.
相位同步问题是双站SAR的一个关键技术问题，本文提出用直接同步法和间接同步法解决，并着重讨论了两种方法中可能出现的一次相位误差、二次相位误差、正弦相位误差对成像的影响。
发射机固定的双站SAR的典型应用是用原有的海岸警戒雷达和飞行平台上的接收机组成成像雷达，主要用途是对海面船只成像，因此必须解决在此种情况下对运动目标成像的问题。本文分析了发射机固定的双站SAR情况下的运动目标回波信号模型，应用WVD变换对发射机固定的双站SAR回波的多普勒信号参数进行估计，并采用WVD-Radon变换来抑制WVD的交叉项，以调整滤波器参数，实现发射机固定的双站SAR对运动目标聚焦成像。
对以上分析均给出计算机仿真结果予以验证。
Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (Bistatic SAR) is a new system of imaging radar. This paper's study is focused on the principle of Bistatic SAR on the basis of giving a brief introduction of SAR principle, including azimuth resolution, mapping width, focusing deepness, pulse repetition frequency limitation and radar equation etc. Then the paper studies the special form of Bistatic SAR with stationary transmitter.
The paper gives two ways to solve the Phase synchronization, which is a key technology to Bistatic SAR, namely direct synchronization and indirect synchronization. Meanwhile, the paper also studies the affection of linear phase error, quadratic phase error and sine phase error which are engendered by the method mentioned of the paper upon imaging.
The typical use of bistatic SAR with stationary transmitter, which is made up of the original coast guardian radar and the receiver on the aircraft, is imaging sea vessels. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of moving target imaging. This paper studies the characteristic of scatter from moving target in the situation of bistatic SAR with stationary transmitter. The WVD method is used in the paper to estimate the Doppler frequency parameter of the moving targets; the WVD-Radon method is used to restrain the cross-term. Then we can use the result to adjust the parameter of the filter, and to achieve the moving targets imaging of bistatic SAR.
The results of computer simulation are given to demonstrate that the conclusion of the paper is correct.
引文
[1] 张澄波，《综合孔径雷达原理、系统分析与应用》，科学出版社，1989．11
[2] 杨振起等，《双(多)基地雷达系统》，国防工艺出版社，1998．3
[3] 郭华东，徐冠华，《星载雷达应用研究》，中国科学技术出版社，1996
[4] 刘永坦等，《雷达成像技术》，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1999．10
[5] 郑君里，杨为理，应启衍编，《信号与系统》，第一版，高等教育出版社，1981．5
[6] 连汉雄，《微波锁相振荡源》，人民邮电出版社，1982．3
[7] 吕凤军，《数字图像处理编程入门》，清华大学出版社，1999
[8] [美]K.R.Castleman著《数字图像处理》朱志刚、石定机等译．电子工业出版社，1998
[9] [美]M.I.斯科尔尼克 主编．《雷达手册》．谢卓译．北京：国防工业出版社，1978
[10] [美]L.Cohen著《时—频分析：理论与应用》．白居宪译．西安交通大学出版社，1998
[11] Caputi, Jr., Image processing for bistatic image radar, US Patent, 4,246,580,January 20, 1981.
[12] Caputi, Jr., Bistatic imaging radar processing for independent transmitter and receiver flightpaths, US Patent, 4,325,065, April 13, 1982.
[13] Grisham, Method of satellite operation using synthetic aperture radar addition holography for imaging, US Patent, 4,602,257, July 22, 1986.
[14] Powell, et al., Autonomous synchronization of a bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, US Patent, 5,113,193, May 12, 1992.
[15] J.Kirk, Motion compensation for SAR, IEEE Trans. On AES, 1975, Vol. 11, No.3,pp. 338～348.
[16] J.C.Curlander, R.N.McDonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Signal Processing, John Wiley & SONS, INC., 1991.
[17] W.G.Carrara, R.S.Goodman, R.M.Majewski, Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar Signal Processing Algorithms, Arthech House, 1995.
[18] C.Oliver, Shaun Quegan, Understanding Synthetic Aperture Radar Images,Arthech House, 1998.
[19] Dag T. Gjessing and J. Saebboe, Bistatic Matched Illumination Radar Involving Synthetic Aperture and Synthetic Pulse for Signal to Clutter Enhancement and Target Characterization, 2001 CIE Int. Conf. on Radar Proc., Beijing, China
[20] R.K.Raney, Conceptual Design of Satellite SAR, IGARSS, V. 11.pp.801～807,1984
[21] Kiyo Tomiyasu, Tutorial Review of Synthetic-Aperture Radar(SAR) with Application to Imaging of the Ocean Surface, Proc.IEE, VOL.66, NO.5, MAY 1978
[22] Grisham, Method of satellite operation using synthetic aperture radar addition holography for imaging, US Patent, 4,602,257, July 22, 1986.
[23] Powell, et al., Autonomous synchronization of a bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, US Patent, 5,113,193, May 12, 1992.
[24] J.Kirk, Motion compensation for SAR, IEEE Trans. On AES, 1975, Vol. 11, No.3,pp. 338～348.
[25] S.Buckreuss, Motion compensation for airborne SAR based on inertial data,RDM and GPS, Proc. On IGARSS'94, USA, pp. 1971～1975.
[26] S.Madsen, Estimating the Doppler centroid of SAR data, IEEE Trans. On AES,1989, 25(1), pp.134～140.
[27] 汤子跃，张守融，“双站SAR收发系统频率源稳定性要求”，中国雷达年会，2002年11月，合肥
[28] Barbarossa.s., et al, "A Combined Wigner Ville and Hough Transform for Cross Term Suppression and Optimal Detection Estimation", IEEE ICASSP'92, pp.173～176
[2] 杨振起等，《双(多)基地雷达系统》，国防工艺出版社，1998．3
[3] 郭华东，徐冠华，《星载雷达应用研究》，中国科学技术出版社，1996
[4] 刘永坦等，《雷达成像技术》，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1999．10
[5] 郑君里，杨为理，应启衍编，《信号与系统》，第一版，高等教育出版社，1981．5
[6] 连汉雄，《微波锁相振荡源》，人民邮电出版社，1982．3
[7] 吕凤军，《数字图像处理编程入门》，清华大学出版社，1999
[8] [美]K.R.Castleman著《数字图像处理》朱志刚、石定机等译．电子工业出版社，1998
[9] [美]M.I.斯科尔尼克 主编．《雷达手册》．谢卓译．北京：国防工业出版社，1978
[10] [美]L.Cohen著《时—频分析：理论与应用》．白居宪译．西安交通大学出版社，1998
[11] Caputi, Jr., Image processing for bistatic image radar, US Patent, 4,246,580,January 20, 1981.
[12] Caputi, Jr., Bistatic imaging radar processing for independent transmitter and receiver flightpaths, US Patent, 4,325,065, April 13, 1982.
[13] Grisham, Method of satellite operation using synthetic aperture radar addition holography for imaging, US Patent, 4,602,257, July 22, 1986.
[14] Powell, et al., Autonomous synchronization of a bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, US Patent, 5,113,193, May 12, 1992.
[15] J.Kirk, Motion compensation for SAR, IEEE Trans. On AES, 1975, Vol. 11, No.3,pp. 338～348.
[16] J.C.Curlander, R.N.McDonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Signal Processing, John Wiley & SONS, INC., 1991.
[17] W.G.Carrara, R.S.Goodman, R.M.Majewski, Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar Signal Processing Algorithms, Arthech House, 1995.
[18] C.Oliver, Shaun Quegan, Understanding Synthetic Aperture Radar Images,Arthech House, 1998.
[19] Dag T. Gjessing and J. Saebboe, Bistatic Matched Illumination Radar Involving Synthetic Aperture and Synthetic Pulse for Signal to Clutter Enhancement and Target Characterization, 2001 CIE Int. Conf. on Radar Proc., Beijing, China
[20] R.K.Raney, Conceptual Design of Satellite SAR, IGARSS, V. 11.pp.801～807,1984
[21] Kiyo Tomiyasu, Tutorial Review of Synthetic-Aperture Radar(SAR) with Application to Imaging of the Ocean Surface, Proc.IEE, VOL.66, NO.5, MAY 1978
[22] Grisham, Method of satellite operation using synthetic aperture radar addition holography for imaging, US Patent, 4,602,257, July 22, 1986.
[23] Powell, et al., Autonomous synchronization of a bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, US Patent, 5,113,193, May 12, 1992.
[24] J.Kirk, Motion compensation for SAR, IEEE Trans. On AES, 1975, Vol. 11, No.3,pp. 338～348.
[25] S.Buckreuss, Motion compensation for airborne SAR based on inertial data,RDM and GPS, Proc. On IGARSS'94, USA, pp. 1971～1975.
[26] S.Madsen, Estimating the Doppler centroid of SAR data, IEEE Trans. On AES,1989, 25(1), pp.134～140.
[27] 汤子跃，张守融，“双站SAR收发系统频率源稳定性要求”，中国雷达年会，2002年11月，合肥
[28] Barbarossa.s., et al, "A Combined Wigner Ville and Hough Transform for Cross Term Suppression and Optimal Detection Estimation", IEEE ICASSP'92, pp.173～176
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