铝铜异质材料钎焊用新型锌基复合钎料的研制
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摘要
为了解决铝铜直接钎焊时存在Al-CuAl2脆性相生成问题,采用电镀的方法在Zn-27Al薄带钎料的表面镀上一层Ni,通过控制电镀电压、通电时间以及电镀液温度等工艺参数,来控制镀层镍的含量,制备出形如Ni/Zn-Al/Ni式锌基复合钎料。采用差热分析(DTA)、X衍射分析仪(XRD)、润湿性、强度实验等方法,分析制备出来的新型锌基复合钎料的综合性能。讨论了该方法在制备新型锌基复合钎料方面的可行性。研究结果表明：其它条件不变时,通电电压3V,通电10分钟,电镀液温度20～30℃时,镀层厚度与镀层质量最为理想。制备出来的新型复合钎料形如Ni/Zn-Al/Ni形式,Ni在Zn-27Al基体表面形成均匀致密的镀层,且镀层结晶细致,平滑光亮,与基体层结合力强且易于弯折弯曲,无脆性之虞。与Zn-27Al钎料相比,新型复合钎料的固-液相线温度略微变化,并且润湿性能优良,在钎焊温度565℃时铺展面积达到最大值,钎焊接头抗剪强度较高。
在氮气保护的电阻炉中用锌基复合钎料和Zn-27Al钎料对Cu与Al进行钎焊试验,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)等多种现代测试手段,对钎焊接头进行微观组织分析并阐述Ni层的阻挡作用；研究结果表明：Cu-Al钎焊接头由Cu侧钎缝界面、中央钎缝区、Al侧钎缝界面三部分组成。复合钎料钎缝中AlCu偏聚在Cu侧、a-Al固溶体偏聚在Al侧的现象消失,组织分布更加均匀、且有少量的Ni3Al生成；Ni层能够有效的阻止Al和Cu的扩散,从而减少低熔点脆性Al2Cu化合物的生成,改善了接头性能。
In order to solve the generation phase Al-CuAl2 brittleness of aluminum brazing copper existed direct,plating method was adopted by plating nickel on the surface of thin Zn-27A1 solder strip,controlling variables such as voltage,power time,plating bath temperature and the amount of nickel,the produced Ni/Zn-Al/Ni type zinc-based compound filler.Function was explored by means of differential thermal analysis(DTA),XRD,wettability,strength experiments,etc.Besides,feasibility of this plating method has also been discussed for producing the new zinc-based filler metals.The results show that with the power voltage of 3V,electricity for 10 minutes,plating bath temperature of 20～30℃and the other conditions unchanged,the coating of nickel is of the best thickness and quality.The newly produced composite filler is Ni/Zn-Al/Ni fillers and the nickel covering is tense,crystalline coating and detailed,smooth light and the substrate layer is combined with strong,even and quite flexible,and bend curl,non-brittle risk.Compared with Zn-27A1 solder,this compound fillers solid-liquid line temperature has changed a litter or so and the spreading area can reach the maximum under 565℃.The brazed joints are of higher shear-resistance.
Aluminum and copper had been brazed with zinc base composite filler metal and Zn-27Al filler metal in furnace protected by the nitrogen.The phase change in brazing process has been studied by means of electron probe microanalyser (EPMA),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM),and explain the role of Ni barrier layer.Experimental results showed that the Cu-Al brazing filler metal includes a transition region on Cu side,the central solder joint area and a transition region on Al side at that time.the brittle intermetallic compound CuAl in the Cu side and a-Al solid solution segregation in the Al side dispersed and the organization distributed more evenly,and a little Ni3Al compounds appeared in joint brazing with zinc base composite filler metal.Ni coating can effectively prevent the spread of Al and Cu,and can reduce the formation of low melting point brittle Al2Cu compounds,the joint property is improved.
在氮气保护的电阻炉中用锌基复合钎料和Zn-27Al钎料对Cu与Al进行钎焊试验,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)等多种现代测试手段,对钎焊接头进行微观组织分析并阐述Ni层的阻挡作用；研究结果表明：Cu-Al钎焊接头由Cu侧钎缝界面、中央钎缝区、Al侧钎缝界面三部分组成。复合钎料钎缝中AlCu偏聚在Cu侧、a-Al固溶体偏聚在Al侧的现象消失,组织分布更加均匀、且有少量的Ni3Al生成；Ni层能够有效的阻止Al和Cu的扩散,从而减少低熔点脆性Al2Cu化合物的生成,改善了接头性能。
In order to solve the generation phase Al-CuAl2 brittleness of aluminum brazing copper existed direct,plating method was adopted by plating nickel on the surface of thin Zn-27A1 solder strip,controlling variables such as voltage,power time,plating bath temperature and the amount of nickel,the produced Ni/Zn-Al/Ni type zinc-based compound filler.Function was explored by means of differential thermal analysis(DTA),XRD,wettability,strength experiments,etc.Besides,feasibility of this plating method has also been discussed for producing the new zinc-based filler metals.The results show that with the power voltage of 3V,electricity for 10 minutes,plating bath temperature of 20～30℃and the other conditions unchanged,the coating of nickel is of the best thickness and quality.The newly produced composite filler is Ni/Zn-Al/Ni fillers and the nickel covering is tense,crystalline coating and detailed,smooth light and the substrate layer is combined with strong,even and quite flexible,and bend curl,non-brittle risk.Compared with Zn-27A1 solder,this compound fillers solid-liquid line temperature has changed a litter or so and the spreading area can reach the maximum under 565℃.The brazed joints are of higher shear-resistance.
Aluminum and copper had been brazed with zinc base composite filler metal and Zn-27Al filler metal in furnace protected by the nitrogen.The phase change in brazing process has been studied by means of electron probe microanalyser (EPMA),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM),and explain the role of Ni barrier layer.Experimental results showed that the Cu-Al brazing filler metal includes a transition region on Cu side,the central solder joint area and a transition region on Al side at that time.the brittle intermetallic compound CuAl in the Cu side and a-Al solid solution segregation in the Al side dispersed and the organization distributed more evenly,and a little Ni3Al compounds appeared in joint brazing with zinc base composite filler metal.Ni coating can effectively prevent the spread of Al and Cu,and can reduce the formation of low melting point brittle Al2Cu compounds,the joint property is improved.
引文
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[11]Ouyang Jiahu, Yarrapareddy Eswar, Kovacevic Radovan.Microstructural evolution in the friction stir welded 6061 aluminum alloy(T62 temper condition) to copper [J].Journal Of Materials Processing Technology,2006,172(1):110-122
[12]柯黎明,刘鸽平,邢丽,等.铝合金LF6与工业纯铜T1的搅拌摩擦焊工艺[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,14(9)：1534-1538
[13]AbbasiM, Taheri A. Karimi, SalehiM T. Growth rate of intermetallic compounds in Al/Cu bimetal produced by cold rollwelding process[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2001,319:233-241
[14]李亚江,吴会强,陈茂爱,等.Cu/Al真空扩散焊接头显微组织分析[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,1(3)：424-427
[15]孟胶东,曲文卿.Al-Cu双金属复合结构的扩散连接试验研究[J].材料工程,2003(1)：34-37
[16]孙德超,胡伟..Al-Cu接头钎焊研究[J].焊接技术,2002,31(2)：18-19
[17]薛松柏,董健,吕晓春,等.Al/Cu管异种材料火焰钎焊连接[J].焊接,2003(12)：23-25
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[19]赵越,邹增大,王岩.冰箱制冷系统铜铝管的连接方法[J].焊接,2003(9)：5-8
[20]刘阳兴,富宏军.真空铝钎焊技术及应用研究[J].真空,1996(5):33-36
[21]董占贵,钱乙余.Al/Cu/Al接触反应液相行为及其连接[J].焊接学报,2001,22(6)：45-47
[22]Koyama Ken,Shinozaki Kenji,Ikeda Kenji,etal.Evalution of brazing properites using Al2Si2Mg2Bi brazing alloy[J].Journal of Light Metal Welding and Construction,2002,40 (9):403-410
[23]Xia C Z, Li Y J,Wang J,etal. Microstructure and phase constitution near interface of Cu/Al vacuum brazing[J].Materials Science and Technology, 2007,23(7):815-818
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[25]中国机械工程学会焊接学会.焊接手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2001
[26]曹蕙民译.无机化合物合成手册(第三卷)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1987
[27]N. L. Tawflk. Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Solidified Ribbons of Some Al-Si Based Alloys. Journal of Materials Science.1997,32(6):2997～30
[28]袁晓光等.快速凝固钎料耐热铝合金的组织和性能[J].特种铸造及有色合金.1998,(1)：41-45
[29]董寅生等.快速凝固耐热铝合金的发展及展望[J].粉末冶金技术.2000,18(1)：35-41
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[32]K. P. Cooper, H. N. Jones. Microstructural Evolution Rapidly Solidified Al-Cu-Si Ternary Alloys[J]. Journal of Material Science.2001, (10):70
[33]罗春信.非晶质钎料[J].电焊机.1999,29(4)：29-31
[34]张华诚.粉末冶金使用工艺学[M].2004,6：32-33
[35]张胜涛等编著.电镀工程[M].化学工业出版社,2005,2,1-2
[36]陈亚,李士嘉,王春林,蔡建宏.现代实用电镀技术[J].国防科技出版社,2004,5
[37]张忠诚编著.水溶液沉积技术[M].化学工业出版社,2005：5
[38]M. Ganesan, D. Dye, and P.D. Lee.2005 Int. Symp. on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting,P.D.Lee,A. Mitchell,R.L. Williamson,and A.S.Ballantyne, eds. Sante Fe, NM,2005,ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH,2005,pp. 289-94
[39]安茂忠主编.电镀理论与技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004：119-125
[40]黄伯云.我国有色金属材料现状及发展战略[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,14S1(5)：122-127
[41]刘会杰,沈俊军.铝/铜异种材料的焊接研究[J].焊接,2009(3)：14-17
[42]赵越,邹增大.冰箱制冷系统铜铝管的连接方法[J].焊接,2003(9)：5-8
[43]亓永新,杨瑞鹏.铝铜焊接进展[J].焊接技术,2000,29(2)：4-5
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