综合运输体系下快捷货运系统网络运输能力计算方法研究
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摘要
经济发展与货运活动有着密切的联系,货运活动的有效开展有赖于综合货物运输网络的不断完善。目前我国的经济正处于飞速发展的阶段,货运需求逐年攀升,导致我国运能经常处于紧张状态。因此,国家非常重视对交通基础设施的投资。但是,交通基础设施往往投资巨大,在投资之前需要对交通运输网络的运输能力进行计算,并进行运输供需分析,以制定出有效的投资策略。
由于综合货运系统的复杂性,对其运输能力的计算前人还较少涉及。综合货运系统网络运输能力的计算,不仅有利于规划部门在路网改造方面做出正确的决策,而且有利于运输部门在运力配置方面做出合理的调整。因此,综合货运系统网络运输能力计算方法的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。
本文在整理分析了国内外关于运输能力研究的基础上,对综合快捷货运系统网络运输能力计算方法进行了研究。首先,在论述运输需求供给分析与运输能力关系的基础上,构建了综合快捷货运系统网络运输能力的概念体系,论述了其特性和意义,并运用该概念体系解释了我国运能紧张的现状;然后,给出了综合快捷货运系统网络运输能力的计算方法步骤,重点讨论了综合快捷货运系统实际有效运输能力的计算方法,在分析了实际有效运输能力影响因素的基础上,建立了实际有效运输能力的双层规划模型,基于遗传算法设计了求解该模型的算法,并设计了算例验证了模型的正确性和算法的有效性;最后,在对本研究进行总结的基础上,指出了本研究的不足以及需要进一步研究的问题。
There exists a closed relationship between economy development and freight transportation.A good intermodal transportation network is necessary for freight activities to be carried out effectively.At present,China's economy is in a stage of rapid development,year-on-year increasing demand for freight transport has led to China's transport capacity often being in a tense condition.Therefore,the state attaches great importance to investment in transport infrastructure.However,investment in transport infrastructure is often huge,so it is necessary for the decision-maker to estimate the capacity of the transport network and carry out transportation demand and supply analysis before investment and then to make an effective investment strategy.
Because of the complexity of the intermodal freight transportation system,there are few researches on its capacity calculation.The calculation of the network capacity of the intermodal freight transportation system is not only useful for the planning department to make a correct decision to improve the transportation network,but also is useful for the transportation sector to allocate the transportation resources reasonably. Therefore,the research on the method of estimation of the network capacity of an intermodal freight transportation system has a great significance both theoretically and practically.
In this thesis,on the basis of review on the existing research of transport capacity at home and abroad,the method of estimation of network capacity of an intermodal express freight transportation system was researched.Firstly,it analyzed the transportation demand and supply and its relationship with transportation capacity,built up the concept system of the intermodal express freight transportation system capacity, discussed the characteristics of network capacity and the significance of the concept system,and used the concept system to explain the tense status of China's transportation capacity.Secondly,it gave the method of calculation of the network capacity of the intermodal express freight transportation system,focused on the calculation of the practical-effective capacity of the intermodal express freight transportation system, discussed the factors that affected the practical-effective capacity,built up a bi-level programming model to calculate it,gave the algorithm to solve it based on GA,and designed an example to verify the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm.Finally,it summed up this research,pointed out the deficiencies of this research and gave the problems that need further research.
由于综合货运系统的复杂性,对其运输能力的计算前人还较少涉及。综合货运系统网络运输能力的计算,不仅有利于规划部门在路网改造方面做出正确的决策,而且有利于运输部门在运力配置方面做出合理的调整。因此,综合货运系统网络运输能力计算方法的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。
本文在整理分析了国内外关于运输能力研究的基础上,对综合快捷货运系统网络运输能力计算方法进行了研究。首先,在论述运输需求供给分析与运输能力关系的基础上,构建了综合快捷货运系统网络运输能力的概念体系,论述了其特性和意义,并运用该概念体系解释了我国运能紧张的现状;然后,给出了综合快捷货运系统网络运输能力的计算方法步骤,重点讨论了综合快捷货运系统实际有效运输能力的计算方法,在分析了实际有效运输能力影响因素的基础上,建立了实际有效运输能力的双层规划模型,基于遗传算法设计了求解该模型的算法,并设计了算例验证了模型的正确性和算法的有效性;最后,在对本研究进行总结的基础上,指出了本研究的不足以及需要进一步研究的问题。
There exists a closed relationship between economy development and freight transportation.A good intermodal transportation network is necessary for freight activities to be carried out effectively.At present,China's economy is in a stage of rapid development,year-on-year increasing demand for freight transport has led to China's transport capacity often being in a tense condition.Therefore,the state attaches great importance to investment in transport infrastructure.However,investment in transport infrastructure is often huge,so it is necessary for the decision-maker to estimate the capacity of the transport network and carry out transportation demand and supply analysis before investment and then to make an effective investment strategy.
Because of the complexity of the intermodal freight transportation system,there are few researches on its capacity calculation.The calculation of the network capacity of the intermodal freight transportation system is not only useful for the planning department to make a correct decision to improve the transportation network,but also is useful for the transportation sector to allocate the transportation resources reasonably. Therefore,the research on the method of estimation of the network capacity of an intermodal freight transportation system has a great significance both theoretically and practically.
In this thesis,on the basis of review on the existing research of transport capacity at home and abroad,the method of estimation of network capacity of an intermodal express freight transportation system was researched.Firstly,it analyzed the transportation demand and supply and its relationship with transportation capacity,built up the concept system of the intermodal express freight transportation system capacity, discussed the characteristics of network capacity and the significance of the concept system,and used the concept system to explain the tense status of China's transportation capacity.Secondly,it gave the method of calculation of the network capacity of the intermodal express freight transportation system,focused on the calculation of the practical-effective capacity of the intermodal express freight transportation system, discussed the factors that affected the practical-effective capacity,built up a bi-level programming model to calculate it,gave the algorithm to solve it based on GA,and designed an example to verify the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm.Finally,it summed up this research,pointed out the deficiencies of this research and gave the problems that need further research.
引文
[1]张亚平,裴玉龙.道路通行能力研究现状及发展综述[J].交通运输工程学报,2002,Vol.2(No.2):94-97.
[2]D.Frank.The Two-way Traffics on a Single Line of Railway[J].Opns.Res,1966,14:801-811.
[3]E.R.Petersen.Over-the-Road Transit Time for a Single Track Railway[J].Trans.Sci,1974,8:65-74.
[4]Bestsy S.Greenberg.Predicting Dispatching Delays on a Low Speed.Single Track Railroad[J].1988,Trans.Sci,22:31-38.
[5]E.R.Petersen,A.J.Taylor.A Structured Model for Rail Line Simulation and Optimization[J].Trans.Sci,1982,16:192-206.
[6]Akisada DHTSU.Study on Shinkansen Train Traffic Control-To Maintain Steady Train Operation[J].Quarterly Report,1979,Vol.20(No.2).
[7]Tadao KAWAMURA,et al.Analysis of Train Delay and Evaluation by Simulation of Traffic Recovery Strategies on SHINKANSEN[J].Quarterly Report,1988,Vol.22,No.2.
[8]Takashi AKUTSU.A Human Computer Interactive System for Daily Scheduling of Restored Locomotive[J].Quarterly Report,1987,Vol.28,No.1.
[9]Yutaka HASEGAWA,et al.A Macro-model on Propagation-disappearance Process of Train Delays[J].Quarterly Report,1981,Vol.22,No.2.
[10][苏].铁路通过能力的利用和发展[M].北京:铁道出版社,1981.
[11]胡思继.铁路行车组织[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.
[12]Hai Yang,Michael G.H.Bell,Qiang Meng.Modeling the capacity and level of service of urban transportation networks[J].Transportation Research Part B,2000,Vol.34:255-275.
[13]Beckmann M.J.A continuous model of Transportation[J].Econometrica 20.1952:643-666.
[14]杨涛,徐吉谦.运输网络极大流的一种新算法[J].土木工程学报,1991,Vol.24,No.1.
[15]Buchanan,C.Traffic in the town.Report of the Steering Group and Working Group.London,Applinted by the Minister of transport,1963.
[16]Smeed,R.I.Road capacity of city centers[J].Traffic Engineering and Control 8.1996:455-458.
[17]Iida,Y.Methodology for maximum capacity of road network[J].Transaction of Japan Society of Civil Engineers 205,1972:147-150.
[18]饭田恭敬.交通工程学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1993:165-190.
[19]尹娟.路网容量评价[D].硕士论文.1998,7.
[20]Asakura,Y.,Kashiwadni,M.Estimation model of maximum road network capacity with parking constraints and otes application[J].Infrastructure planning Review 11,1993:129-136.
[21]Asakura,Y.,Miyawwaki,O.Maximum network capacity problem under the transportation equilibrium assignment[J].Infrastructure Planning Review 12,1995:719-729.
[22]Wong,S.C.,and Yang,H.Reserve Capacity of a Signal-controlled road network[J]Transportation Research Part B,1997,Vol.31,No.5:397-402.
[23]Yang H.,Bell M.G.H.,Meng Q.Modeling the Capacity and Level of Service of Urban transportation networks[J].Transportation Research Part B,2000,Vol.34,No.4:255-275.
[24]Kasikitwiwat P.,Chen A..Analysis of Transportation Network Capacity Related to Different System Capacity Concepts[J].Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,2005,Vol.6:1439-1454.
[25]DeLeeuw F.The Concept of Capacity.The American Statistical Association Journal[J].1962,December:826-829.
[26]Kneafsey J.T.Transportation Economics Analysis[M].Lexington:Lexington Books,1975.
[27]Manheim M.L.Fundamentals of Transportation Systems Analysis[M].Massachusetts:The MIT Press,1979.
[28]Scheppach R.C,Fucett J.G.Transportation Capacity Report.No.JACKFAU-73-72(2),U.S.Department of Transportation,1973.
[29]Morlok E.K.Introduction to Transportation Engineerig and Planning[M].New York:MCGraw-Hill,1978.
[30]Khan A.M.Railway Capacity Analysis and Related Methodology[R].Report No.60-79-01,Canadian Transport Commission,Research Branch,Ottawa,1979.
[31]Morlok E.K.Determining the Capacity of a Transportation System[A],1981 Annual Report of the Institute of Applied Systems Analysis[C].1981,Ministry of Research and Technology,Federal Republic of Germany,Calogne:253-260.
[32]Nijkamp P,Vleugel A.M & Kreutaberger E.Assessment of Capacity in Infrastructure Networks:A Multidimensional View[J].Transportation Planning and Technology,1993,Vol.17:301-310.
[33]Morlok E.K.,Riddle S.M.Estimation the Capacity of Freight Transportation Systems:A Model and Its Application in Transport Planning and Logistics[J].Transportation Research,1999,No.1653(NAS-NRC):1-8.
[34]Chang D.J.Extending Transportation System Capacity Flexibility model[D].University of Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania,USA,2003.
[35]Park M.Capacity Modeling of Multi-modal freight transportation networks[D].Dissertation of P.H.D,University of California,Irvine,2005.
[36]杨涛,徐吉谦.时空消耗概念下的道路网总体容量研究.东南大学运输工程研究所.
[37]周溪召,刘灿齐,杨佩昆.高峰时段城市道路网时空资源和交通空间容量[J].同济大学学报,1996.8,24(4):392-397.
[38]杨涛,徐吉谦.运输网络极大流的一种新算法[J].土木工程学报,1991.2,24(1):8-16.
[39]杨涛.运输网络极大流动态诊断模型[J].中国公路学报,1999,4(1):73-76.
[40]许伦辉,徐建国,周其节.路段通行能力约束下路网最大交通量的确定[J].公路,1997,No.11:30-33.
[41]四兵锋,高自友.城市交通超级网络均衡配流模型计算法[J].公路交通科技,1998,Vol.15:67-71.
[42]杨东援,马哲军.路网容量分析的理论与方法[A].中国土木工程学会第七届年会暨茅以升诞辰100周年纪念论文集[C],1995:128-133.
[43]傅白白.交通网络SO分配模型[D].大连:大连理工大学硕士学位论文,1999.
[44]孔庆铃,刘其斌.铁路运输能力计算与加强[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999.
[45]史峰,胡建华.铁路站场咽喉区的通过能力及其随机模拟[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1989,No.1.
[46]吴家豪.铁路既有线路改造必须同步地搞好点线能力协调[J].铁路运输与经济,1987,No.1.
[47]李振烈.车站工作可靠性的分析计算结果[J].铁路运输与经济,1989,No.3:29-31.
[48]张超.铁路枢纽运输能力计算理论与方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学博士学位论文,2002.
[49]周永富,任守良.关于铁路运输能力计算方法的几个问题[J].铁路运输经济,1992,No.7:34-37.
[50]胡安洲等.论能力损失的传递及其弥补[J].铁道经济研究,1992,No.3.
[51]杨浩,郝国旗.铁路运输能力损失的延迟和恢复的定量研究[J].铁道学报,1994,16(4):50-56.
[52]徐瑞华.铁路运输能力利用问题的研究[D].北京:北方交通大学博士论文,1995.
[53]张星臣,胡安洲,杨浩.一种基于有控随机与随机有控约束的列车仿真模型[J].铁道学报,1995,17(3):21-27.
[54]胡安洲,杨浩.关于铁路运输能力问题的系列研究[J].铁道经济研究,1994,No.1:39-41,43.
[55]张星辰,胡安洲.论铁路运输能力储备[J].北方交通大学学报,1994,18(4):506-512.
[56]施其洲.铁路网络系统运输能力与车流路径模型[J].铁道学报,1996,18(4):1-9.
[57]何世伟,宋瑞等.路网运输能力及计算方法的研究[J].铁道学报,2003,25(2):5-9.
[58]雷中林.铁路路网系统运输能力理论与计算方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学博士论文.2006.
[2]D.Frank.The Two-way Traffics on a Single Line of Railway[J].Opns.Res,1966,14:801-811.
[3]E.R.Petersen.Over-the-Road Transit Time for a Single Track Railway[J].Trans.Sci,1974,8:65-74.
[4]Bestsy S.Greenberg.Predicting Dispatching Delays on a Low Speed.Single Track Railroad[J].1988,Trans.Sci,22:31-38.
[5]E.R.Petersen,A.J.Taylor.A Structured Model for Rail Line Simulation and Optimization[J].Trans.Sci,1982,16:192-206.
[6]Akisada DHTSU.Study on Shinkansen Train Traffic Control-To Maintain Steady Train Operation[J].Quarterly Report,1979,Vol.20(No.2).
[7]Tadao KAWAMURA,et al.Analysis of Train Delay and Evaluation by Simulation of Traffic Recovery Strategies on SHINKANSEN[J].Quarterly Report,1988,Vol.22,No.2.
[8]Takashi AKUTSU.A Human Computer Interactive System for Daily Scheduling of Restored Locomotive[J].Quarterly Report,1987,Vol.28,No.1.
[9]Yutaka HASEGAWA,et al.A Macro-model on Propagation-disappearance Process of Train Delays[J].Quarterly Report,1981,Vol.22,No.2.
[10][苏].铁路通过能力的利用和发展[M].北京:铁道出版社,1981.
[11]胡思继.铁路行车组织[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.
[12]Hai Yang,Michael G.H.Bell,Qiang Meng.Modeling the capacity and level of service of urban transportation networks[J].Transportation Research Part B,2000,Vol.34:255-275.
[13]Beckmann M.J.A continuous model of Transportation[J].Econometrica 20.1952:643-666.
[14]杨涛,徐吉谦.运输网络极大流的一种新算法[J].土木工程学报,1991,Vol.24,No.1.
[15]Buchanan,C.Traffic in the town.Report of the Steering Group and Working Group.London,Applinted by the Minister of transport,1963.
[16]Smeed,R.I.Road capacity of city centers[J].Traffic Engineering and Control 8.1996:455-458.
[17]Iida,Y.Methodology for maximum capacity of road network[J].Transaction of Japan Society of Civil Engineers 205,1972:147-150.
[18]饭田恭敬.交通工程学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1993:165-190.
[19]尹娟.路网容量评价[D].硕士论文.1998,7.
[20]Asakura,Y.,Kashiwadni,M.Estimation model of maximum road network capacity with parking constraints and otes application[J].Infrastructure planning Review 11,1993:129-136.
[21]Asakura,Y.,Miyawwaki,O.Maximum network capacity problem under the transportation equilibrium assignment[J].Infrastructure Planning Review 12,1995:719-729.
[22]Wong,S.C.,and Yang,H.Reserve Capacity of a Signal-controlled road network[J]Transportation Research Part B,1997,Vol.31,No.5:397-402.
[23]Yang H.,Bell M.G.H.,Meng Q.Modeling the Capacity and Level of Service of Urban transportation networks[J].Transportation Research Part B,2000,Vol.34,No.4:255-275.
[24]Kasikitwiwat P.,Chen A..Analysis of Transportation Network Capacity Related to Different System Capacity Concepts[J].Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,2005,Vol.6:1439-1454.
[25]DeLeeuw F.The Concept of Capacity.The American Statistical Association Journal[J].1962,December:826-829.
[26]Kneafsey J.T.Transportation Economics Analysis[M].Lexington:Lexington Books,1975.
[27]Manheim M.L.Fundamentals of Transportation Systems Analysis[M].Massachusetts:The MIT Press,1979.
[28]Scheppach R.C,Fucett J.G.Transportation Capacity Report.No.JACKFAU-73-72(2),U.S.Department of Transportation,1973.
[29]Morlok E.K.Introduction to Transportation Engineerig and Planning[M].New York:MCGraw-Hill,1978.
[30]Khan A.M.Railway Capacity Analysis and Related Methodology[R].Report No.60-79-01,Canadian Transport Commission,Research Branch,Ottawa,1979.
[31]Morlok E.K.Determining the Capacity of a Transportation System[A],1981 Annual Report of the Institute of Applied Systems Analysis[C].1981,Ministry of Research and Technology,Federal Republic of Germany,Calogne:253-260.
[32]Nijkamp P,Vleugel A.M & Kreutaberger E.Assessment of Capacity in Infrastructure Networks:A Multidimensional View[J].Transportation Planning and Technology,1993,Vol.17:301-310.
[33]Morlok E.K.,Riddle S.M.Estimation the Capacity of Freight Transportation Systems:A Model and Its Application in Transport Planning and Logistics[J].Transportation Research,1999,No.1653(NAS-NRC):1-8.
[34]Chang D.J.Extending Transportation System Capacity Flexibility model[D].University of Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania,USA,2003.
[35]Park M.Capacity Modeling of Multi-modal freight transportation networks[D].Dissertation of P.H.D,University of California,Irvine,2005.
[36]杨涛,徐吉谦.时空消耗概念下的道路网总体容量研究.东南大学运输工程研究所.
[37]周溪召,刘灿齐,杨佩昆.高峰时段城市道路网时空资源和交通空间容量[J].同济大学学报,1996.8,24(4):392-397.
[38]杨涛,徐吉谦.运输网络极大流的一种新算法[J].土木工程学报,1991.2,24(1):8-16.
[39]杨涛.运输网络极大流动态诊断模型[J].中国公路学报,1999,4(1):73-76.
[40]许伦辉,徐建国,周其节.路段通行能力约束下路网最大交通量的确定[J].公路,1997,No.11:30-33.
[41]四兵锋,高自友.城市交通超级网络均衡配流模型计算法[J].公路交通科技,1998,Vol.15:67-71.
[42]杨东援,马哲军.路网容量分析的理论与方法[A].中国土木工程学会第七届年会暨茅以升诞辰100周年纪念论文集[C],1995:128-133.
[43]傅白白.交通网络SO分配模型[D].大连:大连理工大学硕士学位论文,1999.
[44]孔庆铃,刘其斌.铁路运输能力计算与加强[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999.
[45]史峰,胡建华.铁路站场咽喉区的通过能力及其随机模拟[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1989,No.1.
[46]吴家豪.铁路既有线路改造必须同步地搞好点线能力协调[J].铁路运输与经济,1987,No.1.
[47]李振烈.车站工作可靠性的分析计算结果[J].铁路运输与经济,1989,No.3:29-31.
[48]张超.铁路枢纽运输能力计算理论与方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学博士学位论文,2002.
[49]周永富,任守良.关于铁路运输能力计算方法的几个问题[J].铁路运输经济,1992,No.7:34-37.
[50]胡安洲等.论能力损失的传递及其弥补[J].铁道经济研究,1992,No.3.
[51]杨浩,郝国旗.铁路运输能力损失的延迟和恢复的定量研究[J].铁道学报,1994,16(4):50-56.
[52]徐瑞华.铁路运输能力利用问题的研究[D].北京:北方交通大学博士论文,1995.
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