缅甸D区块油气成藏条件分析
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摘要
缅甸D区块地理位置位于缅甸中部第二大城市曼德勒市以西,行政区划属实皆省。目前,该区块总体上勘探成度较低,有效烃源岩及其分布尚未确定、储层变化极快,说明D区块存在勘探前景的复杂性。本文以区域地质背景和地质演化历史为依据,充分吸收前人成果与认识以及邻区勘探资料,在基本成藏条件研究的基础上,重点围绕研究区油气藏形成的基本地质要素(有效烃源岩、储层、盖层、储盖组合)及成藏作用过程(圈闭的形成、油气生成、运移、聚集等)在时空上的良好配置关系,通过一些石油地质特征表象的分析(有机碳、干酪根镜检分析、Ro等)、总结、研究,采用现代石油地质新理论,运用动静结合的研究思路对本区进行油气地质条件的研究,指出影响该区成藏的主控因素,有助于为D区块下步勘探部署提供科学依据。
本次研究的重点是始新统地层,通过分析研究,D区块存在三套可能的烃源岩,分别为卡巴组烃源岩为浅海相灰色,深灰-灰黑色泥岩、页岩、朗欣组烃源岩为浅海相灰黑色、深灰色泥岩和页岩、塔本组中上部为一套煤系烃源岩,为灰色泥岩夹煤层及下部为泥质烃源岩,根据有机碳指标分析,烃源岩有机质丰度总体较高,均达到中等或中等以上级别,成熟度指标Ro(%)分析显示,有机质处于低成熟-成熟期。目前发现三套储集层:蓬当组、提林组、塔本组。岩心、薄片、铸体及电镜资料分析显示,三套储集层砂地比高,主要储层段累计储层厚度大,虽属于中低孔-特低渗储层,但某些层段也发育较高孔隙度的储层;据钻井显示,蓬当组、塔本组、提林组泥岩累计厚度大,具有一定的封堵能力,可作为良好的局部盖层;通过岩相和沉积相等的综合研究表明,本区发育有中新统的拿特马组、始新统的尧河组的区域性盖层。Patolon构造带和Muhuduang构造带发育稳定盖层,并依靠构造存在多套生储盖组合。
研究区发育断鼻和背斜圈闭,工区东部前弱变形带发育岩性圈闭。该地区主干断裂对油气分布的控制主要体现在两个方面,一是改造原生油气藏和建立新的油气聚集场所如构造圈闭,二是为深部油气的运移提供了主要通道。Lepanto油田的实例说明,不整合面的侧向运移对D区块也是至关重要的。
针对缅甸D区块始新统地层,分析成藏的基本地质条件,厘清油气来源、剖析油气藏类型、分析圈闭发育及其油气聚集规律,再分析构造及其演化的影响,并结合勘探实例分析探索性的研究D区块成藏的主控因素,研究发现,烃源岩的叠置、早期构造运动、油气运移方向、储盖层配套发育是D区块成藏的主控因素。
Block D is located in the west of Mandalay which is the second largest city in central Myanmar. Now, exploration into the block is low in general, and distribution of effective source rocks has not been determined, and subsequent exploration reveals fast changes in the reservoir block,it shows that Block D exists complexity of exploration prospects. Therefore, Research on geological conditions of oil and gas of the area contributes to provide the scientific basis for the deployment of further exploration.
Based on the regional geological setting and geological evolution ,this paper absorbs fully previous results and understanding and neighborhood survey data, on the basis of accumulation conditions,focusing on the basic geological reservoir formation elements in the study area (effective source rocks , reservoir, seal, reservoir) and accumulation effect of the process (trap formation, hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, etc.) which has a good relationship between time and space configuration. By the analysis, summary and research of petroleum geological features representation(organic carbon,microscopically analysis of kerogen,mirror coal reflectivity,etc), using a new theory of modern petroleum geology, we combine static and dynamic research ideas to indicate geological conditions of oil and gas , and the controlling factors affecting the accumulation of the area, providing a reliable geological basis for the deployment of favorable exploration area .
The focus of the study is the Eocene formation, Block D exists three possible source rocks: hydrocarbon source rocks of Kabaw formation are shallow water phase gray, dark gray - dark gray mudstone, shale ; Langxin formation are gray-black, dark gray mudstone and shale; the upper part of Tabyin formation is a set of source rocks, coal and gray mudstone source rocks ,the lower part are shale hydrocarbon source rocks , According to analysis of organic carbon index ,abundance of organic matter is generally high, up to medium or medium level and above, mirror coal reflectivity as mMaturity analysis index that organic matter is in low maturity - maturity period. Currently three sets of reservoir are found: Pondaung formation、Tilin formation and Tabyin formation. Aanlysis of data from cores ,flakes,casting and electron microscopy diplay that sand-strata ratio of the three reservoir sands is high, a large total accumulated reservoir thickness of the main reservoir section .Although belonging to the low porosity - low permeability reservoir, some layers have a high porosity reservoir development. According to drilling shows that Pondaung formation、Tilin formation and Tabyin formation have a large total accumulated reservoir thickness with certain sealing capacity. They can be used as good local seals; And sedimentary facies equivalent by a comprehensive study shows that in this area have developed regional Natema group of miocene and Yao he group of eocene as regional seals. Patolon tectonic belt and Muhuduang tectonic belt develop stable cover layer, according to the structure ,it exists many sets of soure-reservior-roof.
Study area develops nose and anticline trap, weak deformation zones of eastern area develop lithologic trap. The control of oil and gas distribution by main faults of the area mainly reflects in two aspects: First, transformation of primary hydrocarbon accumulation and the establishment of new oil and gas gathering places such as the structural trap, the second is that providing the main channel for the migration of deep oil and gas. Examples of Lepanto oilfield show that unconformity to the injection migration section is crucial Block D.
For eocene stratum of Block D, we analyze the basic geological conditions of accumulation in oil and gas source, clarify the oil and gas sources and the hydrocarbon reservoir types, analyze the development of traps and hydrocarbon accumulation ,and effect of Structure and Evolution. Combined with the example analysis of exploration, main controlling factors of accumulation in Block D are researched. Study found that the superposition of source rocks, tectonic movement, the direction of oil migration, reservoir development is the D block matching cap accumulation controlling factors.
本次研究的重点是始新统地层,通过分析研究,D区块存在三套可能的烃源岩,分别为卡巴组烃源岩为浅海相灰色,深灰-灰黑色泥岩、页岩、朗欣组烃源岩为浅海相灰黑色、深灰色泥岩和页岩、塔本组中上部为一套煤系烃源岩,为灰色泥岩夹煤层及下部为泥质烃源岩,根据有机碳指标分析,烃源岩有机质丰度总体较高,均达到中等或中等以上级别,成熟度指标Ro(%)分析显示,有机质处于低成熟-成熟期。目前发现三套储集层:蓬当组、提林组、塔本组。岩心、薄片、铸体及电镜资料分析显示,三套储集层砂地比高,主要储层段累计储层厚度大,虽属于中低孔-特低渗储层,但某些层段也发育较高孔隙度的储层;据钻井显示,蓬当组、塔本组、提林组泥岩累计厚度大,具有一定的封堵能力,可作为良好的局部盖层;通过岩相和沉积相等的综合研究表明,本区发育有中新统的拿特马组、始新统的尧河组的区域性盖层。Patolon构造带和Muhuduang构造带发育稳定盖层,并依靠构造存在多套生储盖组合。
研究区发育断鼻和背斜圈闭,工区东部前弱变形带发育岩性圈闭。该地区主干断裂对油气分布的控制主要体现在两个方面,一是改造原生油气藏和建立新的油气聚集场所如构造圈闭,二是为深部油气的运移提供了主要通道。Lepanto油田的实例说明,不整合面的侧向运移对D区块也是至关重要的。
针对缅甸D区块始新统地层,分析成藏的基本地质条件,厘清油气来源、剖析油气藏类型、分析圈闭发育及其油气聚集规律,再分析构造及其演化的影响,并结合勘探实例分析探索性的研究D区块成藏的主控因素,研究发现,烃源岩的叠置、早期构造运动、油气运移方向、储盖层配套发育是D区块成藏的主控因素。
Block D is located in the west of Mandalay which is the second largest city in central Myanmar. Now, exploration into the block is low in general, and distribution of effective source rocks has not been determined, and subsequent exploration reveals fast changes in the reservoir block,it shows that Block D exists complexity of exploration prospects. Therefore, Research on geological conditions of oil and gas of the area contributes to provide the scientific basis for the deployment of further exploration.
Based on the regional geological setting and geological evolution ,this paper absorbs fully previous results and understanding and neighborhood survey data, on the basis of accumulation conditions,focusing on the basic geological reservoir formation elements in the study area (effective source rocks , reservoir, seal, reservoir) and accumulation effect of the process (trap formation, hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, etc.) which has a good relationship between time and space configuration. By the analysis, summary and research of petroleum geological features representation(organic carbon,microscopically analysis of kerogen,mirror coal reflectivity,etc), using a new theory of modern petroleum geology, we combine static and dynamic research ideas to indicate geological conditions of oil and gas , and the controlling factors affecting the accumulation of the area, providing a reliable geological basis for the deployment of favorable exploration area .
The focus of the study is the Eocene formation, Block D exists three possible source rocks: hydrocarbon source rocks of Kabaw formation are shallow water phase gray, dark gray - dark gray mudstone, shale ; Langxin formation are gray-black, dark gray mudstone and shale; the upper part of Tabyin formation is a set of source rocks, coal and gray mudstone source rocks ,the lower part are shale hydrocarbon source rocks , According to analysis of organic carbon index ,abundance of organic matter is generally high, up to medium or medium level and above, mirror coal reflectivity as mMaturity analysis index that organic matter is in low maturity - maturity period. Currently three sets of reservoir are found: Pondaung formation、Tilin formation and Tabyin formation. Aanlysis of data from cores ,flakes,casting and electron microscopy diplay that sand-strata ratio of the three reservoir sands is high, a large total accumulated reservoir thickness of the main reservoir section .Although belonging to the low porosity - low permeability reservoir, some layers have a high porosity reservoir development. According to drilling shows that Pondaung formation、Tilin formation and Tabyin formation have a large total accumulated reservoir thickness with certain sealing capacity. They can be used as good local seals; And sedimentary facies equivalent by a comprehensive study shows that in this area have developed regional Natema group of miocene and Yao he group of eocene as regional seals. Patolon tectonic belt and Muhuduang tectonic belt develop stable cover layer, according to the structure ,it exists many sets of soure-reservior-roof.
Study area develops nose and anticline trap, weak deformation zones of eastern area develop lithologic trap. The control of oil and gas distribution by main faults of the area mainly reflects in two aspects: First, transformation of primary hydrocarbon accumulation and the establishment of new oil and gas gathering places such as the structural trap, the second is that providing the main channel for the migration of deep oil and gas. Examples of Lepanto oilfield show that unconformity to the injection migration section is crucial Block D.
For eocene stratum of Block D, we analyze the basic geological conditions of accumulation in oil and gas source, clarify the oil and gas sources and the hydrocarbon reservoir types, analyze the development of traps and hydrocarbon accumulation ,and effect of Structure and Evolution. Combined with the example analysis of exploration, main controlling factors of accumulation in Block D are researched. Study found that the superposition of source rocks, tectonic movement, the direction of oil migration, reservoir development is the D block matching cap accumulation controlling factors.
引文
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