我国外贸鞋业发展的动因及可持续性分析
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摘要
制鞋业作为外贸出口的重要产业，为我国出口创汇和增加就业做出了很大的贡献。可与发达的制鞋国家相比，虽然我国是制鞋大国，却不是制鞋强国。目前国内外经济技术环境发生了很大的变化，尤其是我国加入WTO后，给我国鞋业从制鞋大国向制鞋强国的转变提出了新的机遇和挑战。在我国制鞋业面临“二次创业”的情况下，很有必要对我国外贸鞋业发展的动因和以后持续性发展作相关的分析。
本文首先介绍了论文的研究背景、研究思路和研究方法，并交待了数据来源。通过对我国制鞋产业现状和历年鞋类出口状况进行分析，透视我国外贸鞋业发展的动因和存在的问题。同时分别就产业现状、各种竞争力指标及有关的产业问题，作时间序列或国际间的横向比较，并进行实证分析，判断如何才能使我国外贸鞋业获得持续发展。由此，进一步分析我国鞋业发展的未来方向。
本文重点分析了产业规模、市场集中度、技术及原材料现状和设计开发等构成要素，来了解国内产业结构，探究国内鞋业的现状与存在问题。从整体状况来看，我国制鞋产业和国外的鞋业发达国家之间存在着很大的差距。我国有庞大的产业规模，但处在低水平重复的状态。就市场集中度方面，仍然属于中低度竞争状态，而国外前几位著名鞋类品牌的市场集中度达到了高度集中状态。我国制鞋业的技术水平有了很大的提高，已经具备生产名牌产品的能力。就原材料来说，除少量高档材料需要进口，也基本能够充足供应。鞋类自主设计开发是我国制鞋业最薄弱的环节，要改变当前产品档次不高，以模仿为主，缺乏创新的行业发展瓶颈，需要在以后的发展中提高设计水平。
本文还重点分析我国外销市场的出口企业组成、出口产品结构以及我国在主要出口市场的竞争力等显性的指标来揭示外销市场的内在不足，探讨我国外销市场存在的问题，提出制鞋产业调整及未来发展的方向，同时指出我国外销鞋业出口的调整方向。
在对我国外贸鞋业发展的动因、产业现状和外销市场分析研究的基础上，本文对我国制鞋业所面临的经济技术环境和可持续性发展要
素作了具体分析。
最后得出我国外贸鞋业存在的问题，并就我国制鞋业如何能尽快
赶上制鞋发达国家的水平，成为制鞋强国提出了几点建议，以期为我
国制鞋产业的发展提供理论借鉴。
Shoemaking industry has made great contributions to foreign exchange earning and employment in China. Compared with the developed shoemaking countries, China is the largest country for shoemaking, but not the strong. The changes of economic and technical environment bring new opportunity and challenge to become a strong shoemaking country, especially China's entry into WTO. In face of the "secondary creation" situation, it is necessary to analyze the causation and the duration of footwear industry in China.
The paper is made first on the background, thought , ways of research and the source of the data, and then analyzes the industry conditions and export situations in recent years to study the problems existing in shoemaking industry. It makes the time sequence or international comparison about industry conditions, some kinds of competitive indexes and those correlative industry problems, and at the same time affords the analytic demonstration to estimate how to make further developments and the directions of shoes-making industry.
The paper mainly analyzes the elements of industry scale, technical and material situations and R&D to explore the industry structure and the existing problems. On the whole, there is a big gap between China and abroad. China has a huge industry scale, but still in low-level repeat. As to marketing concentration, China's shoemaking industry is in the low-moderated condition, but the first four famous overseas bands of American have achieved highly concentrated in the world market. Indeed Shoemaking industry has improved greatly in technology, and has the ability to manufacture famous product, also has materials in plenty except some top-grade materials, but R&D is the weakness of the
industry, needs improvement in the future development.
The paper also analyzes the exporting enterprises category, the exporting production structure and the competition of the mainly exporting market to explore the shortage, and provides the adjusting directions of industry and shoes export for their future developments.
On the basis of analyses above, the author points out the advantage and disadvantage of exporting market. The paper shows the necessary conditions and economic and technical environment of the industry facing the future development, and brings forward some suggestions for domestic shoemaking industry to be a strong one in the world.
本文首先介绍了论文的研究背景、研究思路和研究方法，并交待了数据来源。通过对我国制鞋产业现状和历年鞋类出口状况进行分析，透视我国外贸鞋业发展的动因和存在的问题。同时分别就产业现状、各种竞争力指标及有关的产业问题，作时间序列或国际间的横向比较，并进行实证分析，判断如何才能使我国外贸鞋业获得持续发展。由此，进一步分析我国鞋业发展的未来方向。
本文重点分析了产业规模、市场集中度、技术及原材料现状和设计开发等构成要素，来了解国内产业结构，探究国内鞋业的现状与存在问题。从整体状况来看，我国制鞋产业和国外的鞋业发达国家之间存在着很大的差距。我国有庞大的产业规模，但处在低水平重复的状态。就市场集中度方面，仍然属于中低度竞争状态，而国外前几位著名鞋类品牌的市场集中度达到了高度集中状态。我国制鞋业的技术水平有了很大的提高，已经具备生产名牌产品的能力。就原材料来说，除少量高档材料需要进口，也基本能够充足供应。鞋类自主设计开发是我国制鞋业最薄弱的环节，要改变当前产品档次不高，以模仿为主，缺乏创新的行业发展瓶颈，需要在以后的发展中提高设计水平。
本文还重点分析我国外销市场的出口企业组成、出口产品结构以及我国在主要出口市场的竞争力等显性的指标来揭示外销市场的内在不足，探讨我国外销市场存在的问题，提出制鞋产业调整及未来发展的方向，同时指出我国外销鞋业出口的调整方向。
在对我国外贸鞋业发展的动因、产业现状和外销市场分析研究的基础上，本文对我国制鞋业所面临的经济技术环境和可持续性发展要
素作了具体分析。
最后得出我国外贸鞋业存在的问题，并就我国制鞋业如何能尽快
赶上制鞋发达国家的水平，成为制鞋强国提出了几点建议，以期为我
国制鞋产业的发展提供理论借鉴。
Shoemaking industry has made great contributions to foreign exchange earning and employment in China. Compared with the developed shoemaking countries, China is the largest country for shoemaking, but not the strong. The changes of economic and technical environment bring new opportunity and challenge to become a strong shoemaking country, especially China's entry into WTO. In face of the "secondary creation" situation, it is necessary to analyze the causation and the duration of footwear industry in China.
The paper is made first on the background, thought , ways of research and the source of the data, and then analyzes the industry conditions and export situations in recent years to study the problems existing in shoemaking industry. It makes the time sequence or international comparison about industry conditions, some kinds of competitive indexes and those correlative industry problems, and at the same time affords the analytic demonstration to estimate how to make further developments and the directions of shoes-making industry.
The paper mainly analyzes the elements of industry scale, technical and material situations and R&D to explore the industry structure and the existing problems. On the whole, there is a big gap between China and abroad. China has a huge industry scale, but still in low-level repeat. As to marketing concentration, China's shoemaking industry is in the low-moderated condition, but the first four famous overseas bands of American have achieved highly concentrated in the world market. Indeed Shoemaking industry has improved greatly in technology, and has the ability to manufacture famous product, also has materials in plenty except some top-grade materials, but R&D is the weakness of the
industry, needs improvement in the future development.
The paper also analyzes the exporting enterprises category, the exporting production structure and the competition of the mainly exporting market to explore the shortage, and provides the adjusting directions of industry and shoes export for their future developments.
On the basis of analyses above, the author points out the advantage and disadvantage of exporting market. The paper shows the necessary conditions and economic and technical environment of the industry facing the future development, and brings forward some suggestions for domestic shoemaking industry to be a strong one in the world.
引文
[1]Footwear market overview steve Lee Utech Asia 2001
[2]全国制鞋工业信息中心．中外鞋业．市场刊 1993-2001
[3]菲利普·科特勒．营销管理-分析、计划、执行和控制．上海：人民出版社 2001．9 318-324
[4]中国皮革工业状况．香港贸易发展局．2001
[5]台湾鞋讯，台北台湾区制鞋工业同业公会[发行]．1997-2002
[6]中国皮革．中国皮革信息中心．[北京]1995-2002
[7]中国皮革信息报．中国皮革工业信息中心．1998-2002
[8]胶鞋工业．上海胶鞋研究所．2001年第5期32-45
[9]中国轻工业年鉴．轻工业发展战略研究中心．中国轻工业总会，1996-2001
[10]林汉川主编．WTO与中国中小企业转型升级．北京：经济管理出版社，2002
[11]董承章主编．投入产出分析．北京：中国财政经济出版社2002．2．
[12]American shoemaking Cambridge mass shoe trades publishing 2001.9
[13]我国制鞋材料的发展状况．四川大学学报自然科学版 2002．第四期 36-40
[14]中国海关总署．中华人民共和国海关统计年鉴． 1995—2001．第64章
[15]李荣林著．动态国际贸易理论研究．北京：中国经济出版社，2000．8
[16]黄谨．市场占有论．北京：经济科学出版社，2002．7
[17]中国鞋业大全上卷：材料、标准、信息[1998]；下卷：设计、工艺、设备[2000]。北京化学工业出版社
[18]吴建伟 著．中国贸易比较优势的定量分析．上海人民出版社
1997．11。
[19]王允贵著．《WTO与中国贸易发展战略》中技术产业优先发展的实证分析北京：经济管理出版社，2001
[20]中国橡胶工业公司．橡胶工业．1993-2001
[21]刘成相，刘科，金兆丰主编．如何使用统计年鉴．北京：中国统计出版社 2000．9
[22]钱金波 叶大兵．中国鞋履文化辞典．上海三联书店，2001．10
[23]Shoes: alexicon of style written by Valerie Steele 1998
[24]中国海关总署．海关统计．月刊 1993—2002．第64章
[25]World footwear Boston Mass .Shoe Trade publishing 1997～2002
[26]The position and prospects for polyurethanes in footwear applicationin Asia-pacific 2000
[27]王元嗥 等译．制鞋工业译文选北京轻工业出版社出版 1986
[28]World Statistical compendium for raw hides and skins leather and leather footwear 1998-2000
[29]Hong Kong footwear Hong Kong Trade Development Council. 1997-2001
[30]International Financial Statistics (IFS) 2002 1-4
[31]International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2001
[32]中国制革行业状况．中国制鞋工业．1998 第二期 38-41
[33]温州鞋创世界名牌之路．西部皮革。2002第七期 14-22
[34]关于成都皮鞋业的发展思维．西部皮革．2002第六期 18-19
[35]国内外鞋用纺织品的发展现状及趋势．纺织学报1989第十卷 第一期 4652
[36]从九七胶粘皮鞋统检结果看中国鞋业现状．中国制鞋工业．1998 第二期 29-31
[37]财团法人鞋类设计及技术研究中心．鞋技通讯．台中：1993-2001
[38]顾庆良王小芳．中国服装产业集聚动因及竞争力分析AIAT论文集，2003．1 18-36
[2]全国制鞋工业信息中心．中外鞋业．市场刊 1993-2001
[3]菲利普·科特勒．营销管理-分析、计划、执行和控制．上海：人民出版社 2001．9 318-324
[4]中国皮革工业状况．香港贸易发展局．2001
[5]台湾鞋讯，台北台湾区制鞋工业同业公会[发行]．1997-2002
[6]中国皮革．中国皮革信息中心．[北京]1995-2002
[7]中国皮革信息报．中国皮革工业信息中心．1998-2002
[8]胶鞋工业．上海胶鞋研究所．2001年第5期32-45
[9]中国轻工业年鉴．轻工业发展战略研究中心．中国轻工业总会，1996-2001
[10]林汉川主编．WTO与中国中小企业转型升级．北京：经济管理出版社，2002
[11]董承章主编．投入产出分析．北京：中国财政经济出版社2002．2．
[12]American shoemaking Cambridge mass shoe trades publishing 2001.9
[13]我国制鞋材料的发展状况．四川大学学报自然科学版 2002．第四期 36-40
[14]中国海关总署．中华人民共和国海关统计年鉴． 1995—2001．第64章
[15]李荣林著．动态国际贸易理论研究．北京：中国经济出版社，2000．8
[16]黄谨．市场占有论．北京：经济科学出版社，2002．7
[17]中国鞋业大全上卷：材料、标准、信息[1998]；下卷：设计、工艺、设备[2000]。北京化学工业出版社
[18]吴建伟 著．中国贸易比较优势的定量分析．上海人民出版社
1997．11。
[19]王允贵著．《WTO与中国贸易发展战略》中技术产业优先发展的实证分析北京：经济管理出版社，2001
[20]中国橡胶工业公司．橡胶工业．1993-2001
[21]刘成相，刘科，金兆丰主编．如何使用统计年鉴．北京：中国统计出版社 2000．9
[22]钱金波 叶大兵．中国鞋履文化辞典．上海三联书店，2001．10
[23]Shoes: alexicon of style written by Valerie Steele 1998
[24]中国海关总署．海关统计．月刊 1993—2002．第64章
[25]World footwear Boston Mass .Shoe Trade publishing 1997～2002
[26]The position and prospects for polyurethanes in footwear applicationin Asia-pacific 2000
[27]王元嗥 等译．制鞋工业译文选北京轻工业出版社出版 1986
[28]World Statistical compendium for raw hides and skins leather and leather footwear 1998-2000
[29]Hong Kong footwear Hong Kong Trade Development Council. 1997-2001
[30]International Financial Statistics (IFS) 2002 1-4
[31]International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2001
[32]中国制革行业状况．中国制鞋工业．1998 第二期 38-41
[33]温州鞋创世界名牌之路．西部皮革。2002第七期 14-22
[34]关于成都皮鞋业的发展思维．西部皮革．2002第六期 18-19
[35]国内外鞋用纺织品的发展现状及趋势．纺织学报1989第十卷 第一期 4652
[36]从九七胶粘皮鞋统检结果看中国鞋业现状．中国制鞋工业．1998 第二期 29-31
[37]财团法人鞋类设计及技术研究中心．鞋技通讯．台中：1993-2001
[38]顾庆良王小芳．中国服装产业集聚动因及竞争力分析AIAT论文集，2003．1 18-36