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中国服务业FDI的决定因素和经济效应分析
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摘要
自从20世纪70年代以来,世界经济进入“服务经济”时代,与此同时服务业也成为全球外商投资的主流,服务业利用的外商直接投资(FDI)已超过制造业利用外资的水平。由于我国一直对服务业发展重视不足,对外资进入服务业设置较高的门槛,使得目前我国外商直接投资的重要领域依然是制造业,服务业利用的FDI还处于较低的水平,这对于我国经济发展方式的转变,特别是服务业产业结构的优化,都将是一大制约因素。在这样的大背景下,通过对我国服务业利用FDI的影响因素和经济效应进行深入分析,并针对存在的问题提出建设性的政策措施,这是本文的研究目的所在。
     本文以服务业外商直接投资的理论为依据,对中国服务业FDI的决定因素和经济效应进行定性分析,然后在对全球服务业利用外资的特点进行分析的基础上,引出我国服务业利用外资的阶段演变,接着从总量、行业结构两个方面对我国服务业利用FDI的特点和存在的问题进行研究。通过对我国服务业FDI决定因素的定量分析,本文得出我国服务业吸收的FDI与经济增长的潜力、制造业FDI、服务贸易国际竞争力和市场化水平之间存在显著的正相关关系,不过与经济规模和城镇化水平存在负相关关系,同时与劳动力成本正相关。在对我国服务业FDI的经济效应的实证分析中,本文研究发现,我国服务业FDI存在显著的增长效应、产业关联效应和出口效应,不过其全行业的就业效应较小,同时对服务业国内资本的形成不具有显著的挤出效应,而挤入效应也不明显。本文以此为基础,提出改善我国服务业FDI的相关政策和建议。
     本文的创新之处主要基于以下三点:首先,更为细致的对全球服务业外商直接投资的特点和我国服务业利用FDI的特征进行对比分析,从而对我国服务业FDI的现状有更客观的认识;其次,依据我国服务业利用FDI的实际额,借助单位根检验、因果关系检验和协整分析对影响我国服务业利用FDI的因素进行实证分析,所用方法具有一定的改进;最后,结合不同模型分别从增长效应、产业关联效应、就业效应、出口效应和资本效应五个方面对我国服务业FDI的经济效应展开研究,从而在深层次、广角度上加深我国服务业FDI的经济效应的认识。
Since the1970s, the world economy has entered the era of the "service economy". At the sametime, the service industry has also become the mainstream of global foreign investment. In the world, theuse of foreign direct investment (FDI) in service sector has exceeded the level of manufacturing sectorutilized. China has been the lack of great importance to the development of the service industry, and set ahigher threshold in the service industry for foreign investment. This makes that the current important areaof foreign direct investment remains in the in China’s manufacturing industry, the use of FDI in China’sservice industry is still at a low level, it will be a major constraint for the transformation of the mode ofeconomic development in China, especially the optimization of the service industry structure. So in thisbackground, through the in-depth analysis of influencing factors and economic effects of FDI on services inChina, and put forward some constructive policies and measures, this is the purpose of the paper.
     According to the theory of Foreign Direct Investment in services industry, this paper analyzes thedeterminants and economic effects of FDI in China’s services industry in qualitative. And then on the basisof analyzing the characteristics of FDI in global services industry, this paper leads to the phase of theevolution of FDI in China’s services industry. At the same time, this paper studies the characteristics ofFDI in China's service sector from the total, industry structure and regional distribution, of course, thispaper proposes the existing problems. This paper draws that there is a significant positive correlationamong the quantitives of FDI absorbed by China’s services sector and potential growth of economic, FDIin manufacturing sector, international competitiveness of services trade and the level of marketization,however, there is a negative correlation among the quantitives of FDI absorbed by China’s services sectorand economic scale and level of urbanization, at the same time, it is positively correlated with labor costs.Through the empirical analysis of the economic effects of FDI in service sector, this study findsthat FDI in China’s services sector has significant growth effect, industry association effect and exporteffect, but its industry-wide employment effects is weak, at the same time, the service sector domesticcapital formation does not have a significant crowding-out effect, and squeeze into the effects were notevident. According to this, this paper proposes some related policies and suggestions to improve the FDI in China’s services sector.
     The innovation of this paper is mainly based on the following points: first of all, more detail onfeatures of global foreign direct investment in services and comparative analysis on the characteristics ofFDI in China's services industry, thus have a more objective understanding of the status quo of FDI inChina's service sector; second, with the unit root test, causality test and cointegration analysis, use theactual data of FDI in China's services industry, makes an empirical analysis on the influence factors ofChina's FDI in services, the method has been improved to some extent; finally, with the different models,analyzes the economic effects of FDI in China’s services industry from economic growth effects,manufacturing effects, employment effects, export effects and capital effects, So from deep and wideangle,makes us have a more comprehensive understanding of the economic effect of FDI in servicesector.
引文
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