厌氧/好氧活性污泥法处理高比例工业废水技术改进研究
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摘要
污水处理的本质是采用各种技术手段将污水中的污染物质分离出来,或将其转化为无害的物质,使之得到净化。在污水中,存在着各种有机物和无机物,难降解有机物是指在一般生化处理过程中不能分解且对生化反应有抑制或毒害作用的有机物,它将极大地影响后续处理单元的处理效果。因此对于进水水质比较复杂的污水处理厂,寻求一种能够适应污废水的处理工艺或者对现有工艺进行改造迫在眉睫。
本文通过对水解酸化机理的研究,以及对两种厌氧生物膜反应器处理效果的试验分析,并以含高比例工业废水的大型污水处理厂作为生产性研究基地,进行了厌氧生物膜水解酸化—A/A/O生物膜组合工艺的出水水质分析、影响因素分析及技术经济分析。
研究结果表明:水解酸化工艺作为难降解有机物的预处理工艺,它对提高后续生化处理的能力有显著效果。采用水解酸化-A/A/O生物膜组合工艺,极大地提高了进水的可生化性,强化了脱氮效果,具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,适用于含高比例工业废水的污水处理。
The essence of wastewater treatment process is separate pollutants from sewage through different technical methods, or purify the pollutants to harmless substances. There are different Different kinds of organic and inorganic substances exist in wastewater. Refractory organic matter is a kind of organic matter which has inhibitingon effect or toxic effect to biochemical reactions and can notcannot be decomposed in biological treatment process. Meanwhile refractory organic matterIt can greatly affects the operation of post-treatment units greatly. Therefore, it is essential to alter the existing process or choose another efficient wastewater treatment process to for the wastewater treatment plants with complex inffluent water quality.
The research of effluent water quality and its impact factors and technoleconomic analysis to A combined process of anaerobic biofilm hydrolysis acidification and A/A/O biofilm was selected in a research base of large sewage treatment plants with high concentration industrial wastewater. Through the investigation of mechanisms of hydrolysis acidification and the treatment efficiency of the process, research of effluent water quality, impact factors, technical and economic analysis were conducted to analyze the effects of two kind of anaerobic biofilm treatment reactors on the base of large sewage treatment plants with high concentration industrial wastewater by studying the mechanism of hydrolysis acidification.
The results show that hydrolysis acidification is a good pretreatment process to treat refractory organic matter and can improve the ability of post-treatment biological treatment. The combined process of hydrolysis acidification and A/A/O biofilm can not only improve the biodegradability of inffluent water greatly but also enhance the effect of nitrogen removal. Meanwhile this processIt has strong resistance to shock loading capacity and is suitable to treat the wastewater containing high concentration industrial wastewater.
本文通过对水解酸化机理的研究,以及对两种厌氧生物膜反应器处理效果的试验分析,并以含高比例工业废水的大型污水处理厂作为生产性研究基地,进行了厌氧生物膜水解酸化—A/A/O生物膜组合工艺的出水水质分析、影响因素分析及技术经济分析。
研究结果表明:水解酸化工艺作为难降解有机物的预处理工艺,它对提高后续生化处理的能力有显著效果。采用水解酸化-A/A/O生物膜组合工艺,极大地提高了进水的可生化性,强化了脱氮效果,具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,适用于含高比例工业废水的污水处理。
The essence of wastewater treatment process is separate pollutants from sewage through different technical methods, or purify the pollutants to harmless substances. There are different Different kinds of organic and inorganic substances exist in wastewater. Refractory organic matter is a kind of organic matter which has inhibitingon effect or toxic effect to biochemical reactions and can notcannot be decomposed in biological treatment process. Meanwhile refractory organic matterIt can greatly affects the operation of post-treatment units greatly. Therefore, it is essential to alter the existing process or choose another efficient wastewater treatment process to for the wastewater treatment plants with complex inffluent water quality.
The research of effluent water quality and its impact factors and technoleconomic analysis to A combined process of anaerobic biofilm hydrolysis acidification and A/A/O biofilm was selected in a research base of large sewage treatment plants with high concentration industrial wastewater. Through the investigation of mechanisms of hydrolysis acidification and the treatment efficiency of the process, research of effluent water quality, impact factors, technical and economic analysis were conducted to analyze the effects of two kind of anaerobic biofilm treatment reactors on the base of large sewage treatment plants with high concentration industrial wastewater by studying the mechanism of hydrolysis acidification.
The results show that hydrolysis acidification is a good pretreatment process to treat refractory organic matter and can improve the ability of post-treatment biological treatment. The combined process of hydrolysis acidification and A/A/O biofilm can not only improve the biodegradability of inffluent water greatly but also enhance the effect of nitrogen removal. Meanwhile this processIt has strong resistance to shock loading capacity and is suitable to treat the wastewater containing high concentration industrial wastewater.
引文
[1]刘艳玲.两相厌氧系统底物转化规律与群落演替的研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学,2001
[2]郑平.废水生物处理理论和技术[M』.杭州:浙江教育出版社,1995
[3]胡纪萃.废水厌氧生物处理理论与技术[M].北京建筑工业出版社,2003
[4]王邵文.高浓度有机废水处理技术与工程应用〔M〕.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003
[5]张国雄.采用“预处理+水解酸化十SBR”法处理制药废水[J].云南环境科学,2004,23(4):52—54
[6]何素娟.“水解酸化—生物接触氧化”处理啤酒废水工程实例[J].工业水处理,2005,25(11):62—64
[7] Eekenfelder,Inde,StrialWater Pollution Control,MeGraw—HillBook ComPany. NewYork:1989.
[8]贺延龄.废水的厌氧生物处理[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1998.
[9]陈新宇.难降解有机物的水解一酸化预处理[J].化工环保,1996,16(3):152-155
[10] Pohland F G,Ghosh S. Developments in Anaerobi Stabilization of Organic Wastewaters, the Two-Phage Concept[J]. Water Science and Technology,1971,(1):255-266
[11]王凯军.低浓度污水厌氧化(水解)处理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1991.
[12]霍明听.酸化一SBR法处理啤酒废糟液[J].中国给水排水,1999,15(10):56-58
[13] Yilmazer Gulumt,et al. Two Stage Anaerobic Treatment of Cheese Whey[J]. Water Science and Technology,1999,40(1):289-295
[14] Ng W J,et al. Effect of Acidogenic Stage on Anaerobic Toxic Organic Removal [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,1999,15(6):495-500
[15]马文林.土霉素结晶母液酸化水解过程的研究[J].环境科学,2001,22(5):41-43
[16]沈耀亮,王宝贞.城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理方案及其分析[J].给水排水,1999,25(8):18-21
[17]贾洪斌,赵大传,王力民.挡板式水解酸化法处理印染废水的中试试验研究[J].工业水处理,2001,21(1):39-42
[18]周焕祥.水解酸化-生物接触氧化法处理啤酒污水[J].工业水处理,1998,18(2):31-33
[19]卓奋,张平,庄永强等.水解酸化-序批式活性污泥法在处理屠宰废水工程中的应用[J].环境工程,1998,16(5):7-9
[20]丁春生,王卫文.大型针织印染废水处理工程的设计与运行[J].环境工程,2001,19(4):60-62
[21]相会强,张杰,于尔等.水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理制药废水[J].给水排水,2002,18(1):54-56
[22]孙建升等.生物脱氮除磷工艺现状及研究发展前景[M].排水委员会第四届第二次年会论文集.
[23]张自杰.排水工程下册(第四版)[M].中国建筑工业出版社,北京:2000.
[24] B.Sharma,R.C.Ahlert.Nitrification and Nitrogen Removal[J].Water Research,1977,11:897-925.
[25] V.Mateju,S Cizinska and J.Krejci.Biological water denitrification-areview[J].Enz.Microb.Technology,1992:1 4,170-183.
[26] H.A.Painter.Microial.Transformations.of.lnorgani cNitrogen[J].Prog.Water Technology,1977:8(4～5):3～29.
[27]张波,城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术工艺与机理研究[D].同济大学工学博士学位论文,1996.
[28] Fuhs,G w.nd M.Chen.Mieroiologicl sis of Phosphte Removl in the ctivted Sludge Process for the Treatment of Wastewter[J].Microil Ecology,1975,2:119.
[29]朱怀兰等.SR生物除磷工艺的研究[M].上海环境科学.1993,12(8):8-13.
[30]郑兴灿.李亚新编著.污水除磷脱氮技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[31]张自杰.排水工程下册(第四版)[M].中国建筑工业出版社,北京:2000.
[32]徐亚同编.《废水中氮磷的处理》[M].华东师范大学出版社,1994,1-111.
[33] Grady C.P.and Limhc.《废水生物处理理论的应用》[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[34] Gerber.A.E.S.Mostert, C.T.WingterandR.H.De Villiers.Interactions Between Phosphate Nitrate and Organic Substrate in Biological Nutrient Removal Processes[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.1987,19:183-194.
[35] H.odegaard,B.Paulsrud,T.BilstadandJ.E.Pettersen.(1991)Norwegian Strategies in the treatment of municipal wastewater towards the reduction of nutrientdischarges to the NorthSea[J].Wat.Sci.Technol.24(10):179-186.
[36] Mino,T.,Aurn,V.,Tzuzuki,Y. and Matzuo,Effect of phosphours accumulation on acetate metabolism in the biological phosphours removal process[J].Proc,fromIAWQspec.conf.,Rome,1987.
[37] Wentzel,M.C.,Lotter,L.H.,Ekama.GA.,Loewenthal,R.E. and Marais,G.V.R.Evaluation of biochemical models for biological excess phosphorus removal[J].WaterSci.Technol.23,567,1991.
[38]钱易,郝吉明编.环境科学与工程进展[J].清华大学出版社,1998.
[39]刘胜利,王爱杰,任南琪等.水解/酸化/好氧工艺处理染料生产废水[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(4):43-45
[40]齐水冰,罗建中,乔庆霞.固定化微生物技术处理废水[J].上海环境科学,2002,21(3):185-188
[41]沈耀良,黄勇,赵丹等.固定化微生物污水处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2002.
[42]顾国维.水污染治理技术研究[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 1997.
[43] Nieolella C,Gariea I C,Zhang S F. Control of membrane-attached biofilms in extractive membrane bioreaetors [J]. Wat. Sei. Teeh.,2001,41:2-7.
[44] Heijnen J J,Van MCM,loosdreeht,et al.Formation of Biofilm Air Lift Suspension reaetor[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1992,26(5):657-654.
[45] Hillis P.Membrane Technology in Waterand Wastewater Treatment [M].The Royal Soeiet of Chemistry,2000
[2]郑平.废水生物处理理论和技术[M』.杭州:浙江教育出版社,1995
[3]胡纪萃.废水厌氧生物处理理论与技术[M].北京建筑工业出版社,2003
[4]王邵文.高浓度有机废水处理技术与工程应用〔M〕.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003
[5]张国雄.采用“预处理+水解酸化十SBR”法处理制药废水[J].云南环境科学,2004,23(4):52—54
[6]何素娟.“水解酸化—生物接触氧化”处理啤酒废水工程实例[J].工业水处理,2005,25(11):62—64
[7] Eekenfelder,Inde,StrialWater Pollution Control,MeGraw—HillBook ComPany. NewYork:1989.
[8]贺延龄.废水的厌氧生物处理[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1998.
[9]陈新宇.难降解有机物的水解一酸化预处理[J].化工环保,1996,16(3):152-155
[10] Pohland F G,Ghosh S. Developments in Anaerobi Stabilization of Organic Wastewaters, the Two-Phage Concept[J]. Water Science and Technology,1971,(1):255-266
[11]王凯军.低浓度污水厌氧化(水解)处理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1991.
[12]霍明听.酸化一SBR法处理啤酒废糟液[J].中国给水排水,1999,15(10):56-58
[13] Yilmazer Gulumt,et al. Two Stage Anaerobic Treatment of Cheese Whey[J]. Water Science and Technology,1999,40(1):289-295
[14] Ng W J,et al. Effect of Acidogenic Stage on Anaerobic Toxic Organic Removal [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,1999,15(6):495-500
[15]马文林.土霉素结晶母液酸化水解过程的研究[J].环境科学,2001,22(5):41-43
[16]沈耀亮,王宝贞.城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理方案及其分析[J].给水排水,1999,25(8):18-21
[17]贾洪斌,赵大传,王力民.挡板式水解酸化法处理印染废水的中试试验研究[J].工业水处理,2001,21(1):39-42
[18]周焕祥.水解酸化-生物接触氧化法处理啤酒污水[J].工业水处理,1998,18(2):31-33
[19]卓奋,张平,庄永强等.水解酸化-序批式活性污泥法在处理屠宰废水工程中的应用[J].环境工程,1998,16(5):7-9
[20]丁春生,王卫文.大型针织印染废水处理工程的设计与运行[J].环境工程,2001,19(4):60-62
[21]相会强,张杰,于尔等.水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理制药废水[J].给水排水,2002,18(1):54-56
[22]孙建升等.生物脱氮除磷工艺现状及研究发展前景[M].排水委员会第四届第二次年会论文集.
[23]张自杰.排水工程下册(第四版)[M].中国建筑工业出版社,北京:2000.
[24] B.Sharma,R.C.Ahlert.Nitrification and Nitrogen Removal[J].Water Research,1977,11:897-925.
[25] V.Mateju,S Cizinska and J.Krejci.Biological water denitrification-areview[J].Enz.Microb.Technology,1992:1 4,170-183.
[26] H.A.Painter.Microial.Transformations.of.lnorgani cNitrogen[J].Prog.Water Technology,1977:8(4～5):3～29.
[27]张波,城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术工艺与机理研究[D].同济大学工学博士学位论文,1996.
[28] Fuhs,G w.nd M.Chen.Mieroiologicl sis of Phosphte Removl in the ctivted Sludge Process for the Treatment of Wastewter[J].Microil Ecology,1975,2:119.
[29]朱怀兰等.SR生物除磷工艺的研究[M].上海环境科学.1993,12(8):8-13.
[30]郑兴灿.李亚新编著.污水除磷脱氮技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[31]张自杰.排水工程下册(第四版)[M].中国建筑工业出版社,北京:2000.
[32]徐亚同编.《废水中氮磷的处理》[M].华东师范大学出版社,1994,1-111.
[33] Grady C.P.and Limhc.《废水生物处理理论的应用》[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[34] Gerber.A.E.S.Mostert, C.T.WingterandR.H.De Villiers.Interactions Between Phosphate Nitrate and Organic Substrate in Biological Nutrient Removal Processes[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.1987,19:183-194.
[35] H.odegaard,B.Paulsrud,T.BilstadandJ.E.Pettersen.(1991)Norwegian Strategies in the treatment of municipal wastewater towards the reduction of nutrientdischarges to the NorthSea[J].Wat.Sci.Technol.24(10):179-186.
[36] Mino,T.,Aurn,V.,Tzuzuki,Y. and Matzuo,Effect of phosphours accumulation on acetate metabolism in the biological phosphours removal process[J].Proc,fromIAWQspec.conf.,Rome,1987.
[37] Wentzel,M.C.,Lotter,L.H.,Ekama.GA.,Loewenthal,R.E. and Marais,G.V.R.Evaluation of biochemical models for biological excess phosphorus removal[J].WaterSci.Technol.23,567,1991.
[38]钱易,郝吉明编.环境科学与工程进展[J].清华大学出版社,1998.
[39]刘胜利,王爱杰,任南琪等.水解/酸化/好氧工艺处理染料生产废水[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(4):43-45
[40]齐水冰,罗建中,乔庆霞.固定化微生物技术处理废水[J].上海环境科学,2002,21(3):185-188
[41]沈耀良,黄勇,赵丹等.固定化微生物污水处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2002.
[42]顾国维.水污染治理技术研究[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 1997.
[43] Nieolella C,Gariea I C,Zhang S F. Control of membrane-attached biofilms in extractive membrane bioreaetors [J]. Wat. Sei. Teeh.,2001,41:2-7.
[44] Heijnen J J,Van MCM,loosdreeht,et al.Formation of Biofilm Air Lift Suspension reaetor[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1992,26(5):657-654.
[45] Hillis P.Membrane Technology in Waterand Wastewater Treatment [M].The Royal Soeiet of Chemistry,2000