天津市金融服务业集聚发展研究
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摘要
在经济日益全球化和市场化的国际环境下，随着信息技术在金融领域的广泛应用，国际金融市场发展势头迅猛，国际资本的流动速度不断加快，各国政府越来越关注本国金融服务业的发展。金融服务业的集聚作为一个世界性经济现象，在国家和区域经济中的地位和作用受到了越来越多的关注。在我国，随着改革开放程度的不断加深，金融服务业的发展也越来越迈向国际化，呈现出集聚发展的现象，比较成熟的集聚区域如北京的金融街和上海的浦东新区金融商务区。随着环渤海经济区战略规划的提出和环渤海地区经济的不断发展，天津市作为环渤海经济区的中心城市之一，在地理位置上起到了连接辽宁、河北、山东的纽带作用，具有较高的战略地位，但其金融服务业的发展水平与北京、上海相比还有着明显的差距，金融服务业的集聚程度还比较低。
本文以天津市的金融服务业为研究对象，应用对比分析法、理论研究和实证研究相结合的方法，分析了天津市金融服务业的集聚发展现状，对天津市金融服务业的集聚发展模式和集聚程度进行研究。运用因子分析法对京津冀地区13个中心城市的金融资源进行因子分析，进而运用经济地理学的研究方法——威尔逊模型，对具有金融辐射作用的北京、天津和石家庄3个城市的金融半径进行测算。比较天津市和北京市金融服务业的集聚发展过程中各自所具有的优势和劣势，指出天津市未来在金融服务业的集聚发展过程中应扮演怎样的角色，最后提出未来天津市金融服务业集聚发展的战略举措。
In the background of the globalization and marketization, along with the strong promotionof IT, the international financial market has a rapid development. The speed of the world capitalflow accelerates. The governments pay more and more attention to the development of thedomestic financial service industry. As a worldwide economic phenomenon, the agglomerationon financial service industry plays more and more important role in almost every country. InChina, the development of the financial service industry also presents a cluster phenomenon withthe deepening of reform and opening. There have been many financial industry agglomerationregions in China, such as, the Beijing Financial Street and the Pudong New Area in Shanghai.Along with the emergence and development of Bohai Economic Zone, Tianjin, as one of thecenter cities in this district, although has a high strategic position, connecting Liaoningpronvince, Hebei and Shandong but has a low economic development level, the developmentlevel of agglomeration in financial services industry are also low.
This paper used the contrast analysis method, combined the theory of agglomeration andempirical studies, focusing the research on the Tianjin financial service, including thedevelopment present situation, the agglomeration development mode and the concentrationdegree of the financial service in Tianjin. At the same time, used The Wilson Model, one of themethods in economic geography research, measured the financial radiation region of the centercities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. According to the calculated result, we can get the positionof financial service industry in Tianjin. And then, pointed out strategy planning in financialindustry in the future. In the end, directed a orientation for Tianjin, through the comparison of theadvantages and disadvantages on financial service industry in Tianjin and Beijing.
本文以天津市的金融服务业为研究对象，应用对比分析法、理论研究和实证研究相结合的方法，分析了天津市金融服务业的集聚发展现状，对天津市金融服务业的集聚发展模式和集聚程度进行研究。运用因子分析法对京津冀地区13个中心城市的金融资源进行因子分析，进而运用经济地理学的研究方法——威尔逊模型，对具有金融辐射作用的北京、天津和石家庄3个城市的金融半径进行测算。比较天津市和北京市金融服务业的集聚发展过程中各自所具有的优势和劣势，指出天津市未来在金融服务业的集聚发展过程中应扮演怎样的角色，最后提出未来天津市金融服务业集聚发展的战略举措。
In the background of the globalization and marketization, along with the strong promotionof IT, the international financial market has a rapid development. The speed of the world capitalflow accelerates. The governments pay more and more attention to the development of thedomestic financial service industry. As a worldwide economic phenomenon, the agglomerationon financial service industry plays more and more important role in almost every country. InChina, the development of the financial service industry also presents a cluster phenomenon withthe deepening of reform and opening. There have been many financial industry agglomerationregions in China, such as, the Beijing Financial Street and the Pudong New Area in Shanghai.Along with the emergence and development of Bohai Economic Zone, Tianjin, as one of thecenter cities in this district, although has a high strategic position, connecting Liaoningpronvince, Hebei and Shandong but has a low economic development level, the developmentlevel of agglomeration in financial services industry are also low.
This paper used the contrast analysis method, combined the theory of agglomeration andempirical studies, focusing the research on the Tianjin financial service, including thedevelopment present situation, the agglomeration development mode and the concentrationdegree of the financial service in Tianjin. At the same time, used The Wilson Model, one of themethods in economic geography research, measured the financial radiation region of the centercities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. According to the calculated result, we can get the positionof financial service industry in Tianjin. And then, pointed out strategy planning in financialindustry in the future. In the end, directed a orientation for Tianjin, through the comparison of theadvantages and disadvantages on financial service industry in Tianjin and Beijing.
引文
[1]陈铭仁.金融机构集聚论-金融中心形成的新视角[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2010
[2]王曼怡.北京金融产业集聚效应研究[M].北京:中国金融出版社，2010
[3](瑞典)劳拉詹南.金融地理学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001
[4]Porteous. Geography of Finance: Spatial Dimensions of Intermediary Behavior [M]. England:Avebury Records,1995
[5] Leyshon. Money Space: Geographies of Monetary Transformation [M]. London: Routledge,1997
[6]Thrift. On the social and cultural Determinants of International Financial Centers: the Case ofthe City of London [M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell,1994
[7]Zhao X B. Spatial Restructuring of Financial Centres in Mainland China and Hong Kong:Geography of Finance Perspective [J]. Urban Affairs Review,2003,38(4):535-571
[8]Marshall A. Principles of Economics: An Introductory (9th Ed)[M]. London: Macmillan,1890
[9]Porter M. Competitive advantage of nations [J]. Harvard Business Review,1990,(68):73-93
[10]Krugman,P. Geography and Trade Cambridge [M], MA: MIT Press,1991
[11]Martin, P, Ottaviano G.I.P. Growing Locations: Industry Location in a Model of EndogenousGrowth. European Economic Review,1999,(43):281-302
[12]Beaudry C, Swann P. Growth in Industrial Cluster: a Bird's Eye View of the United Kingdom.SIEPR Discussion Paper,2001,(34):0-38
[13]Baptista R. Geographical clusters and innovation diffusion [J]. Technological Forecastingand Social Change,2001,(66):31-46
[14]贺灿飞,魏后凯.信息成本、集聚经济与中国外商投资区位[J].中国工业经济,2001,(9):38-45
[15]徐康宁,冯春虎.中国制造业地区性集中程度的实证研究[J].东南大学学报,2003,(5):37-42
[16]Davis E P. International financial centers—An industrial analysis, Bank of EnglandDiscussion Paper,1998,(34):51-123
[17]Clark,C L. The Geography of Global Finance Paper Presented at the Centenary AnnualMeeting of Association of American Geography [M]. MA: MIT Press,2004
[18]潘英丽.论金融中心形成的微观基础—金融机构的空间聚集[J].上海财经大学学报,2003,(2):50-57
[19]王铮,邓悦.理论经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[20]中国人民银行天津分行课题组.“十一五”时期天津市银行业发展概况[J].华北金融.2011,(3):61-63
[21]中国人民银行天津分行货币政策分析小组,2010年天津市金融运行报告[R].2011
[22]中国人民银行北京分行货币政策分析小组,2010年北京市金融运行报告[R].2011
[23]梁颖,罗霄.金融产业集聚的形成模式研究:全球视角与中国的选择[J].南京财经大学学报.2006,(5):16-20
[24]Krugman,P. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography[J].Journal of Politieal Economy,1996,(43):281-302
[25]韩云虹.产业集聚度测定指标的评价与改进[J].工业技术经济.2009,(6):107-108
[26]彭耿,刘芳.产业集聚度测量研究综述[J].技术与创新管理.2010,(3):181-184
[27]郭佳.北京金融产业集聚模式选择[J].合作经济与科技,2008,(1):76-77
[28]张卫华.天津金融梦的理想与现实[N].时局.2006,(7):44-47
[29]朱春红.对环渤海经济圈金融合作问题的思考[J].商场现代化.2005,(10):236-237
[30]王铮,邓悦.理论经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002．
[31]李小建．金融地理学理论视角及中国金融地理研究[J]．经济地理.2006,(9):721-730．
[32]黄解宇,杨再斌.金融集聚论[M].北京:中国科学出版社,2006
[33]何德旭.关于金融服务业的一个比较分析[J].金融理论与实践.2004,(1):76-77
[34]天津财经大学经济学院课题组.珠三角、长三角及环渤海金融圈发展比较研究[J].华北金融,2007,(4):53-57
[38]石灵云.产业集聚、外部性与劳动生产率[M].上海:立信会计出版社,2010
[39]伍进，蔡绍洪．区域企业群落形成过程中的自组织集聚机理研究[J].江南大学学报.2007,(12):38-43
[40]项俊波.提高金融自主创新能力,加快上海国际金融中心建设[J].中国货币市场.2007(4):19-25.
[41]武巍,刘卫东,刘毅.西方金融地理学研究进展及其启示[J].地理科学进展2005,(4):53-57
[42]金雪军.金融地理学研究评述[J]．经济学动态.2004,(4):19-25
[43]魏守华.集群竞争力的动力机制以及实证分析[J].中国工业经济,2002,(10):27-34
[44]潘英丽.论金融中心形成的微观基础—金融机构的空间聚集[J].上海财经大学学报2003,(1)：51-57
[45](美)爱德华.肖.经济发展中的金融深化[M].上海:上海三联书店,1988
[46]黄高.金融与经济增长——来自中国的解释[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007
[47]张顺明.金融经济学[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2010
[48]卢江涛.浅论金融创新及我国的金融创新对策[J].安阳师范学院学报.2006,(6):9-13
[49]沈及明.北京金融街[J].中国机电工业,1993,(3):53-57
[50]吴聪,王聪.我国金融中心竞争力的实证分析[J].南方金融,,2005,(12):50-57
[51]丁艺,李数丞,李林.中国金融集聚程度评价分析[J].科技与经济,2009,(6):9-13
[52]李成,郝俊香.金融中心发展的理论、总结与展望[J].上海金融,2006,(11):4-8
[2]王曼怡.北京金融产业集聚效应研究[M].北京:中国金融出版社，2010
[3](瑞典)劳拉詹南.金融地理学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001
[4]Porteous. Geography of Finance: Spatial Dimensions of Intermediary Behavior [M]. England:Avebury Records,1995
[5] Leyshon. Money Space: Geographies of Monetary Transformation [M]. London: Routledge,1997
[6]Thrift. On the social and cultural Determinants of International Financial Centers: the Case ofthe City of London [M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell,1994
[7]Zhao X B. Spatial Restructuring of Financial Centres in Mainland China and Hong Kong:Geography of Finance Perspective [J]. Urban Affairs Review,2003,38(4):535-571
[8]Marshall A. Principles of Economics: An Introductory (9th Ed)[M]. London: Macmillan,1890
[9]Porter M. Competitive advantage of nations [J]. Harvard Business Review,1990,(68):73-93
[10]Krugman,P. Geography and Trade Cambridge [M], MA: MIT Press,1991
[11]Martin, P, Ottaviano G.I.P. Growing Locations: Industry Location in a Model of EndogenousGrowth. European Economic Review,1999,(43):281-302
[12]Beaudry C, Swann P. Growth in Industrial Cluster: a Bird's Eye View of the United Kingdom.SIEPR Discussion Paper,2001,(34):0-38
[13]Baptista R. Geographical clusters and innovation diffusion [J]. Technological Forecastingand Social Change,2001,(66):31-46
[14]贺灿飞,魏后凯.信息成本、集聚经济与中国外商投资区位[J].中国工业经济,2001,(9):38-45
[15]徐康宁,冯春虎.中国制造业地区性集中程度的实证研究[J].东南大学学报,2003,(5):37-42
[16]Davis E P. International financial centers—An industrial analysis, Bank of EnglandDiscussion Paper,1998,(34):51-123
[17]Clark,C L. The Geography of Global Finance Paper Presented at the Centenary AnnualMeeting of Association of American Geography [M]. MA: MIT Press,2004
[18]潘英丽.论金融中心形成的微观基础—金融机构的空间聚集[J].上海财经大学学报,2003,(2):50-57
[19]王铮,邓悦.理论经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[20]中国人民银行天津分行课题组.“十一五”时期天津市银行业发展概况[J].华北金融.2011,(3):61-63
[21]中国人民银行天津分行货币政策分析小组,2010年天津市金融运行报告[R].2011
[22]中国人民银行北京分行货币政策分析小组,2010年北京市金融运行报告[R].2011
[23]梁颖,罗霄.金融产业集聚的形成模式研究:全球视角与中国的选择[J].南京财经大学学报.2006,(5):16-20
[24]Krugman,P. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography[J].Journal of Politieal Economy,1996,(43):281-302
[25]韩云虹.产业集聚度测定指标的评价与改进[J].工业技术经济.2009,(6):107-108
[26]彭耿,刘芳.产业集聚度测量研究综述[J].技术与创新管理.2010,(3):181-184
[27]郭佳.北京金融产业集聚模式选择[J].合作经济与科技,2008,(1):76-77
[28]张卫华.天津金融梦的理想与现实[N].时局.2006,(7):44-47
[29]朱春红.对环渤海经济圈金融合作问题的思考[J].商场现代化.2005,(10):236-237
[30]王铮,邓悦.理论经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002．
[31]李小建．金融地理学理论视角及中国金融地理研究[J]．经济地理.2006,(9):721-730．
[32]黄解宇,杨再斌.金融集聚论[M].北京:中国科学出版社,2006
[33]何德旭.关于金融服务业的一个比较分析[J].金融理论与实践.2004,(1):76-77
[34]天津财经大学经济学院课题组.珠三角、长三角及环渤海金融圈发展比较研究[J].华北金融,2007,(4):53-57
[38]石灵云.产业集聚、外部性与劳动生产率[M].上海:立信会计出版社,2010
[39]伍进，蔡绍洪．区域企业群落形成过程中的自组织集聚机理研究[J].江南大学学报.2007,(12):38-43
[40]项俊波.提高金融自主创新能力,加快上海国际金融中心建设[J].中国货币市场.2007(4):19-25.
[41]武巍,刘卫东,刘毅.西方金融地理学研究进展及其启示[J].地理科学进展2005,(4):53-57
[42]金雪军.金融地理学研究评述[J]．经济学动态.2004,(4):19-25
[43]魏守华.集群竞争力的动力机制以及实证分析[J].中国工业经济,2002,(10):27-34
[44]潘英丽.论金融中心形成的微观基础—金融机构的空间聚集[J].上海财经大学学报2003,(1)：51-57
[45](美)爱德华.肖.经济发展中的金融深化[M].上海:上海三联书店,1988
[46]黄高.金融与经济增长——来自中国的解释[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007
[47]张顺明.金融经济学[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2010
[48]卢江涛.浅论金融创新及我国的金融创新对策[J].安阳师范学院学报.2006,(6):9-13
[49]沈及明.北京金融街[J].中国机电工业,1993,(3):53-57
[50]吴聪,王聪.我国金融中心竞争力的实证分析[J].南方金融,,2005,(12):50-57
[51]丁艺,李数丞,李林.中国金融集聚程度评价分析[J].科技与经济,2009,(6):9-13
[52]李成,郝俊香.金融中心发展的理论、总结与展望[J].上海金融,2006,(11):4-8