高分子材料结构图像分析系统研究
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摘要
材料结构决定材料性能,通过对材料组织结构的特征、大小、分布等的观察分析,可以获知材料的组成成分及性能特点。近年来,人们在研究金属材料结构时积累了大量经验,但是,对于高分子材料的结构分析仍然采用传统的定性或半定量的方法进行分析和评定,自动化程度低。人工进行测定的方法,首先是计算结果不够准确,其次是测定过程繁琐,工作量巨大。
随着计算机技术的发展,图像处理在分析检测领域中的应用也越来越广泛,如何更好地利用图像处理技术来进行定量分析,是一个值得研究的课题,本文主要讨论了图像处理和定量金相的基本原理和基本方法在高分子材料图像分析系统中的应用。
本文研究了与之相关的图像处理基本操作和常见算法,并详细讨论了数学形态学在组织形态分析中的应用,设计了数字图象处理模块完成图象分割,同时,基于定量金相的测量原理,讨论了常见的几种特征参数的表征方式,并设计了相关参数的测量方案,对图像分析系统进行了定标,并对系统误差进行了分析讨论。
最后,应用计算机图像处理技术,研发了一套基于Matlab的显微组织定量分析系统,系统采用可视化界面,具备人机交互功能,以测定碳黑填充橡胶材料组织结构的几何参数为例,介绍了该系统的使用方法和组织结构分析的一般流程,实现了几种特征参数的自动测量。结论证明,本图像分析系统具有良好的GUI工人机交互功能,测量精确,操作灵活方便,能够较大地弥补人工测量的不足。
Material properties are relied on material micro-structures. By observing and analyzing character, size and distribution of microscopic structure of material, it's ingredient and performance can be known to us. In recent years, people still analyze and appraise polymeric material structure using traditional qualitative and half-quantitative methods with lower automatization degree, people have gathered much experience when they research on metal material structures, however. Doing these measurements only on handwork is not practical due to it's inaccurate calculating results and heavy work.
With the development of computer technology, the applications of image processing being used in analyzing and detecting become more and more, how to make better use of image processing in quantitative analysis is a project worthy to be researched. The application of the image processing's and quantitative metallography's fundamentals and methods being used in polymeric material structure's image analysis system is mainly discussed in this paper .
The common operations and arithmetics about image processing are introduced in this paper, and the application of mathematical morphology being used in structure analysis is mainly discussed. Besides, based on the fundamental of quantitative metallography, several common characteristic parameters' measurements and tokens are discussed. Then, the analysis system is scaled, and the system's error is discussed too.
In this research, an quantificationally analyzing system of microscopic structure based on MATLAB was developed with the application of computer image processing technology, which own visual interface and human-computer interacting function. Taking the measurement of CB rubber micro-structure's geometric parameters as example, how to use the system and the common flow were introduced, some characteristic parameters were measured automatically. The conclusion proves that the image analysis system with accurate calculating and convenient operation, can compensate for the measurement on handwork well.
随着计算机技术的发展,图像处理在分析检测领域中的应用也越来越广泛,如何更好地利用图像处理技术来进行定量分析,是一个值得研究的课题,本文主要讨论了图像处理和定量金相的基本原理和基本方法在高分子材料图像分析系统中的应用。
本文研究了与之相关的图像处理基本操作和常见算法,并详细讨论了数学形态学在组织形态分析中的应用,设计了数字图象处理模块完成图象分割,同时,基于定量金相的测量原理,讨论了常见的几种特征参数的表征方式,并设计了相关参数的测量方案,对图像分析系统进行了定标,并对系统误差进行了分析讨论。
最后,应用计算机图像处理技术,研发了一套基于Matlab的显微组织定量分析系统,系统采用可视化界面,具备人机交互功能,以测定碳黑填充橡胶材料组织结构的几何参数为例,介绍了该系统的使用方法和组织结构分析的一般流程,实现了几种特征参数的自动测量。结论证明,本图像分析系统具有良好的GUI工人机交互功能,测量精确,操作灵活方便,能够较大地弥补人工测量的不足。
Material properties are relied on material micro-structures. By observing and analyzing character, size and distribution of microscopic structure of material, it's ingredient and performance can be known to us. In recent years, people still analyze and appraise polymeric material structure using traditional qualitative and half-quantitative methods with lower automatization degree, people have gathered much experience when they research on metal material structures, however. Doing these measurements only on handwork is not practical due to it's inaccurate calculating results and heavy work.
With the development of computer technology, the applications of image processing being used in analyzing and detecting become more and more, how to make better use of image processing in quantitative analysis is a project worthy to be researched. The application of the image processing's and quantitative metallography's fundamentals and methods being used in polymeric material structure's image analysis system is mainly discussed in this paper .
The common operations and arithmetics about image processing are introduced in this paper, and the application of mathematical morphology being used in structure analysis is mainly discussed. Besides, based on the fundamental of quantitative metallography, several common characteristic parameters' measurements and tokens are discussed. Then, the analysis system is scaled, and the system's error is discussed too.
In this research, an quantificationally analyzing system of microscopic structure based on MATLAB was developed with the application of computer image processing technology, which own visual interface and human-computer interacting function. Taking the measurement of CB rubber micro-structure's geometric parameters as example, how to use the system and the common flow were introduced, some characteristic parameters were measured automatically. The conclusion proves that the image analysis system with accurate calculating and convenient operation, can compensate for the measurement on handwork well.
引文
[01]任怀亮 主编 金相实验技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986
[02]徐建林,陈超 材料显微组织分析的研究[J].计量学报,2004,25(4):369-373
[03]学知网,http://shiba-hpe.en/baike/
[04]周玉.材料分析方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[05]Russ JC.Computer aided Quantitative Microscopy J.Materials Characterization,1991,27:185-197
[06]Leithnerk KA.Basics of Quantitative image analysis[J].Advance Materials &Processes,1993,11:18-23
[07]秦国友 定量金相[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987
[08]J.Serra等.数学形态学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999
[09]崔屹 图像处理与分析—数学形态学方法及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[10]陶景光,廖兆曙 分形在显微图像分析中的应用[J].物理测试,1995,5:23-25
[11]胡荣泽,刘森英.CSR-98型彩色图像粒度分析仪在定量金相上的应用[J].硬质合金,1999,16(3):180-183
[12]马智言,李鹏兴.图像分析系统迎来材料学研究数字化的新时代[J].中国图像图形学报,1998,3(10):5-7
[13]Liu Guo quan on the definition,application and methodology components of Stereology [J].Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis,2001,6(1):1-5
[14]中国体视学学会材料学专业委员会 体视学在材料科学研究中的进展与展望[J].中国体视学与图像分析,1996,1(1-2):96-101
[15]余永宁,刘国权 体视学一组织定量分析的原理和应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1989
[16]Weibel ER.Stereology in perspective:A mature science evolves.[J].Acta Stereologica,1992:11(suppll):Ⅰ
[17]徐夏刚,张定华,洪岐 体视化方法综述[J].计算机应用研究,2006,6:12-15
[18]王军,罗冬梅,吕荣 运动与负荷对大鼠骨形态影响的无偏体视学观察[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2003,8(1):25-29
[19]孙业英 主编 光学显微分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[20]深桂琴 编著 光学金相技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983
[21]陈可娟,张海,橡胶密炼机棍炼工艺瞬时功率控制法[J].合成橡胶工业,1996,19(3):182-184
[22]炭黑分散度对轮胎胶料质量的影响.唐云峰译[J].轮胎工业,1996,16(2):90-92.
[23]美国材料与试验协会·ATSMD2663标准《胶料炭黑分散度测试的标准方法》
[24]北京橡胶工业研究设计院,中华人民共和国国家标准GB6030-85,《硫化橡胶中炭黑分散度的测定一显微照相法》第1版,北京:中国标准出版社,1985
[25]谢振合,张海 混炼胶炭黑分散度自动识别的特征指标体系及图像处理方法[J].橡胶工业,2006,53:99-103
[26]汪传生,祝卫国 混炼胶中炭黑分散度测定方法的改进[J].橡胶工业,2004,51:755-758
[27]赵野军,吕柏源,程源基于测距对橡胶炭黑分散度的综合评定[J].特种橡胶制品,2006.27(5):39-42
[28]王明兰 橡胶分散性的二维综合指标法[J].应用科学学报,2000,18(4):348-352
[29]Kenenth.R.Castleman,朱志刚,石定机计算机图形学,第1版,[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[30]王家文,李仰军Matlab 7.0图形图像处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[31]http://www.pris.edu.cn/imgprocess/theoryltheory.htm
[32]徐建华 图像处理与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1992
[33]朱宜 扫描电镜图像的形成处理和显微分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1991
[34]Schonfeld and Goutsias,Optimal Morphological Pattern Restoration From Noisy Binary Image,IEEE Trans,Pattern Analy Machine Intell,Jan.1993,Vol.13 No.1,34-36
[35]Coster M.,Chermant J-L,Pract Metallogr,21(1984),401
[36]Serra J.Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology,[M]London:Academic Press,1982
[37]oskinen and Neuro,Analysis of Noise Attenuation In Morphological Image Processing,Proc.SPIE,1991,Vol.1451,102-113
[38]张远鹏,董海,周文灵 计算机图像处理技术基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999
[39]张泽兰 一种易于计算机实现的长宽比测量法[J].湖南教育学院学报,1999,17(2):39-42
[40]Bloch and Maitre,Proc.Eurasip Workshop In Mathematical Morphology and Its Application To Signal Processing,Versionl,Boston Barcelona,May.1993,214-218
[41]黄乾,李汉康等 高温合金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000年4月,67-80
[42]毕革平 基于灰度等级的平均晶粒度计算方法[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2001,6(4):230-234
[43]汪守朴 金相分析基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986.
[44]孙业英 光学显微分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994,.63-74.
[45]刘羽辉 金属材料物理性能检验标准工作手册[M].第1版.北京:技术标准出版社,1982:44-61.
[46]上海交通大学《金相分析》编写组.金相分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1982
[47]张丁浩,盛京,谢志民,李家深 高分子共混物分散相尺寸和形状的表征[J].化学工业与工程,2002,19(2):142-146
[48]沈庭芝,方力 图像处理算法在金相分析中的应用[J].2001,23(10):108-110
[49]冯欣 金相图像处理与测量的研究[D].沈阳:辽宁工程大学,2000.
[50]杨蜀秦 大米外观品质计算机视觉检测的研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2005.
[51]李波,刘东华,梁光明一种计算任意形状封闭区域面积的新方法[J].国防科技大学学报,2002,24(4):61-64
[52]毛灵涛,薛茹,安里千MATLAB在微观结构SEM图像定量分析中的应用[J].电子显微学报,2004,Vol23(5):579-583
[53]金属平均晶粒度测定法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2002
[54]冶金工业信息标准研究院标准化研究所,中国标准出版社第二编辑室,YB/T5148-1999
[55]ZHANG Jian,Calculating model of mass action concertraions for Ag-Au-Cu melts[J].RARE MEIALS,MaE2002,21(1):12-15.
[56]王锋 复杂金相组织的形态学分析与程序设计[D].重庆大学,2002.
[57]余永宁 刘国权,体视学一组织定量分析的原理和应用[M].冶金工业出版社,1989.12
[58]Cole,M.Microscope,19(1971),87
[59]盛国裕 视频系统在定量金相方面的应用[J].计量学报,1990,21(5):37-39
[02]徐建林,陈超 材料显微组织分析的研究[J].计量学报,2004,25(4):369-373
[03]学知网,http://shiba-hpe.en/baike/
[04]周玉.材料分析方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[05]Russ JC.Computer aided Quantitative Microscopy J.Materials Characterization,1991,27:185-197
[06]Leithnerk KA.Basics of Quantitative image analysis[J].Advance Materials &Processes,1993,11:18-23
[07]秦国友 定量金相[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987
[08]J.Serra等.数学形态学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999
[09]崔屹 图像处理与分析—数学形态学方法及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[10]陶景光,廖兆曙 分形在显微图像分析中的应用[J].物理测试,1995,5:23-25
[11]胡荣泽,刘森英.CSR-98型彩色图像粒度分析仪在定量金相上的应用[J].硬质合金,1999,16(3):180-183
[12]马智言,李鹏兴.图像分析系统迎来材料学研究数字化的新时代[J].中国图像图形学报,1998,3(10):5-7
[13]Liu Guo quan on the definition,application and methodology components of Stereology [J].Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis,2001,6(1):1-5
[14]中国体视学学会材料学专业委员会 体视学在材料科学研究中的进展与展望[J].中国体视学与图像分析,1996,1(1-2):96-101
[15]余永宁,刘国权 体视学一组织定量分析的原理和应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1989
[16]Weibel ER.Stereology in perspective:A mature science evolves.[J].Acta Stereologica,1992:11(suppll):Ⅰ
[17]徐夏刚,张定华,洪岐 体视化方法综述[J].计算机应用研究,2006,6:12-15
[18]王军,罗冬梅,吕荣 运动与负荷对大鼠骨形态影响的无偏体视学观察[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2003,8(1):25-29
[19]孙业英 主编 光学显微分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[20]深桂琴 编著 光学金相技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983
[21]陈可娟,张海,橡胶密炼机棍炼工艺瞬时功率控制法[J].合成橡胶工业,1996,19(3):182-184
[22]炭黑分散度对轮胎胶料质量的影响.唐云峰译[J].轮胎工业,1996,16(2):90-92.
[23]美国材料与试验协会·ATSMD2663标准《胶料炭黑分散度测试的标准方法》
[24]北京橡胶工业研究设计院,中华人民共和国国家标准GB6030-85,《硫化橡胶中炭黑分散度的测定一显微照相法》第1版,北京:中国标准出版社,1985
[25]谢振合,张海 混炼胶炭黑分散度自动识别的特征指标体系及图像处理方法[J].橡胶工业,2006,53:99-103
[26]汪传生,祝卫国 混炼胶中炭黑分散度测定方法的改进[J].橡胶工业,2004,51:755-758
[27]赵野军,吕柏源,程源基于测距对橡胶炭黑分散度的综合评定[J].特种橡胶制品,2006.27(5):39-42
[28]王明兰 橡胶分散性的二维综合指标法[J].应用科学学报,2000,18(4):348-352
[29]Kenenth.R.Castleman,朱志刚,石定机计算机图形学,第1版,[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[30]王家文,李仰军Matlab 7.0图形图像处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[31]http://www.pris.edu.cn/imgprocess/theoryltheory.htm
[32]徐建华 图像处理与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1992
[33]朱宜 扫描电镜图像的形成处理和显微分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1991
[34]Schonfeld and Goutsias,Optimal Morphological Pattern Restoration From Noisy Binary Image,IEEE Trans,Pattern Analy Machine Intell,Jan.1993,Vol.13 No.1,34-36
[35]Coster M.,Chermant J-L,Pract Metallogr,21(1984),401
[36]Serra J.Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology,[M]London:Academic Press,1982
[37]oskinen and Neuro,Analysis of Noise Attenuation In Morphological Image Processing,Proc.SPIE,1991,Vol.1451,102-113
[38]张远鹏,董海,周文灵 计算机图像处理技术基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999
[39]张泽兰 一种易于计算机实现的长宽比测量法[J].湖南教育学院学报,1999,17(2):39-42
[40]Bloch and Maitre,Proc.Eurasip Workshop In Mathematical Morphology and Its Application To Signal Processing,Versionl,Boston Barcelona,May.1993,214-218
[41]黄乾,李汉康等 高温合金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000年4月,67-80
[42]毕革平 基于灰度等级的平均晶粒度计算方法[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2001,6(4):230-234
[43]汪守朴 金相分析基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986.
[44]孙业英 光学显微分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994,.63-74.
[45]刘羽辉 金属材料物理性能检验标准工作手册[M].第1版.北京:技术标准出版社,1982:44-61.
[46]上海交通大学《金相分析》编写组.金相分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1982
[47]张丁浩,盛京,谢志民,李家深 高分子共混物分散相尺寸和形状的表征[J].化学工业与工程,2002,19(2):142-146
[48]沈庭芝,方力 图像处理算法在金相分析中的应用[J].2001,23(10):108-110
[49]冯欣 金相图像处理与测量的研究[D].沈阳:辽宁工程大学,2000.
[50]杨蜀秦 大米外观品质计算机视觉检测的研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2005.
[51]李波,刘东华,梁光明一种计算任意形状封闭区域面积的新方法[J].国防科技大学学报,2002,24(4):61-64
[52]毛灵涛,薛茹,安里千MATLAB在微观结构SEM图像定量分析中的应用[J].电子显微学报,2004,Vol23(5):579-583
[53]金属平均晶粒度测定法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2002
[54]冶金工业信息标准研究院标准化研究所,中国标准出版社第二编辑室,YB/T5148-1999
[55]ZHANG Jian,Calculating model of mass action concertraions for Ag-Au-Cu melts[J].RARE MEIALS,MaE2002,21(1):12-15.
[56]王锋 复杂金相组织的形态学分析与程序设计[D].重庆大学,2002.
[57]余永宁 刘国权,体视学一组织定量分析的原理和应用[M].冶金工业出版社,1989.12
[58]Cole,M.Microscope,19(1971),87
[59]盛国裕 视频系统在定量金相方面的应用[J].计量学报,1990,21(5):37-39
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