大兴安岭中段三叠—侏罗纪构造演化研究
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摘要
大兴安岭地区,作为东北亚地区的核心部位,经历和记录了不同时期、不同构造域的地质影响,是研究和解决东北亚乃至中亚造山带地质演化历史问题的关键部位。然而,近年来关于大兴安岭地区的研究多数集中在晚古生代和晚中生代时期,尤其是晚古生代古亚洲洋闭合和晚中生代岩浆岩活动的研究。而对于二者之间的三叠纪—侏罗纪却报道较少。尽管晚侏罗世火山岩被普遍关注,但近年来的同位素测试表明,大多数的火山岩活动集中在早白垩世。大兴安岭中段地区出露中生代地层较为齐全,尤其是三叠纪、侏罗纪均有相应的地层出露。因此大兴安岭中段是研究大兴安岭地区构造演化的最佳场所。
本文依据作者近三年来在大兴安岭中段地区所取得一手野外资料,结合近年来公开发表的最新成果,概括地还原大兴安岭中段地区三叠纪—侏罗纪的构造演化历史,并取得如下认识：
1、通过早三叠世哈达陶勒盖组埃达克岩的识别表明,研究区早三叠世由于古亚洲洋沿西拉木伦河—长春—延吉一线的闭合,碰撞使贺根山—黑河构造带活化,碰撞应力或碰撞蠕散应力推动研究区年轻地壳沿贺根山—嫩江—黑河一线由南向北俯冲,推动下地壳或地幔内残留板片向更深的地幔推进并使之熔融,形成哈达陶勒盖组埃达克岩,并在地表山间盆地沉积湖相碎屑堆积—老龙头组。由此认为,古亚洲洋的闭合是以西拉木伦河—长春—延吉一线为主体碰撞带,贺根山—嫩江—黑河一线为地块内部构造活化带的陆内俯冲,时间上前者早于后者,规模上前者大于后者。
2、研究区广泛发育中晚三叠世后造山—后碰撞型花岗岩,部分地区为A2型花岗岩,均表明研究区中晚三叠世处于古亚洲洋闭合—造山结束的后造山—后碰撞构造环境下,地壳处于由挤压向伸展的转换,并通过古生物和同位素测年等方法厘定出标志造山结束的上三叠统柴河组磨拉石建造。因此认为,古亚洲洋构造域对研究区的影响至少延续到晚三叠世。
3、研究区早侏罗世广泛沉积了含煤建造,主要为红旗组、万宝组,表明研究区该时期处于区域伸展至断陷稳定沉积的构造背景下。通过比较研究区、大兴安岭北段满洲里、根河地区的中侏罗世塔木兰沟组火山岩可知,大兴安岭地区中—晚侏罗世从北到南具有明显的俯冲极性特征,是蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲的地球动力学体现。
4、识别出研究区大型逆冲推覆构造,研究了逆冲推覆构造的结构、应变和形成时期,结合邻区同时期逆冲推覆构造的分布等特点,提出其形成于晚侏罗世西伯利亚板块南侵和北美板块左旋的应力作用下,蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋最终于漠河一线闭合,碰撞所引发的大面积推覆波及大兴安岭北段漠河盆地、研究区、燕山地区等整个东北地区,并广泛发育粗碎屑同构造沉积。
Great Xing'an Range, the core portion of Northeast Asian region that witnessed the influence of the various periods and tectonic domains, is a key to study the orogenic evolution history in the Northeast Asian and the Central Asia. Most recent researches focus on Late Paleozoic and Late Mesozoic. However, little has been reported about Triassic and Jurassic, especially about the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the magmatite activity. Isotope tests indicate that most of the volcanic activities are despite generally concern on the late Jurassic volcanic rocks concentrated in the Early Cretaceous. The reason why the middle Great Xing'an Range has been chosen as the study region is that the outcrop area of Mesozoic Strata is quite complete in this area.
Based on the combination of the field data and the latest results published in the study region that, this paper rebuild the original tectonic evolution of Triassic-Jurassic generally. And the following understanding is achieved.
Hadataolegai Formation adakites in early Triassic are identified. Paleo-Asian Ocean closes along the line of Silumulon River-Changchun-Yanji which collision activated Hegenshan-Heihe structural belt. The stress push the young crust to underthrust from south to north along Hegenshan-Nenjiang-Heihe line. The lower crust or the plate remain are advanced to the deeper mantle melting and then the adakites are formed. What's more, lacustrine clastic sediments are deposited in the surface intermountain basin. Therefore, the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean is a kind of continental subduction that the line along the of Silumulon River-Changchun-Yanji is the main collision belt while the line along Hegenshan-Nenjiang-Heihe is activated structural belt internal block. The former is earlier than the latter and larger than the latter in scale.
2、Both post-orogeny post-collision granites of middle-late triassic widely developed and A2type granite in partial area indicates that the crust of transforms compression into extension under the tectonic setting. Meanwhile, Chaihe group molasse of Upper Triassic which marks the termination of orogeny is determined by paleontology and isotopic dating methods. Therefore, Ancient Asian Ocean tectonic domain affects the study area extended to the Late Triassic at least.
3、The coal-bearing construction deposition early Jurassic in the study area of the main Red Flag Group and Manpower Group shows that this period in the study area is under the tectonic background of regional extension stable fault sedimentary. Comparing volcanic rocks of the middle Jurassic Tamulangou formation in the working area with the northern section of Great Xing'an Range and Root River region, conclusion can be drawn that the middle-late Jurassic in Great Xing'an Range has subduction polarity characteristics from north to south which is the reflection Mongolia-Okhotsk subduction geodynamic.
4、Identify a large thrust nappe structure in the study area, its structure, deformation and formation period were studied. In summary, comparing thrust nappe structures in study area with peripheral areas, it was occurred by the Siberia plate moving to south and the North American plate sinistral promoting in Late Jurassic when Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean eventually closed in Mohe line. A large nappe caused by the collision the entire Northeast region and the coarse clastic syntectonic sedimentation is widely developed.
本文依据作者近三年来在大兴安岭中段地区所取得一手野外资料,结合近年来公开发表的最新成果,概括地还原大兴安岭中段地区三叠纪—侏罗纪的构造演化历史,并取得如下认识：
1、通过早三叠世哈达陶勒盖组埃达克岩的识别表明,研究区早三叠世由于古亚洲洋沿西拉木伦河—长春—延吉一线的闭合,碰撞使贺根山—黑河构造带活化,碰撞应力或碰撞蠕散应力推动研究区年轻地壳沿贺根山—嫩江—黑河一线由南向北俯冲,推动下地壳或地幔内残留板片向更深的地幔推进并使之熔融,形成哈达陶勒盖组埃达克岩,并在地表山间盆地沉积湖相碎屑堆积—老龙头组。由此认为,古亚洲洋的闭合是以西拉木伦河—长春—延吉一线为主体碰撞带,贺根山—嫩江—黑河一线为地块内部构造活化带的陆内俯冲,时间上前者早于后者,规模上前者大于后者。
2、研究区广泛发育中晚三叠世后造山—后碰撞型花岗岩,部分地区为A2型花岗岩,均表明研究区中晚三叠世处于古亚洲洋闭合—造山结束的后造山—后碰撞构造环境下,地壳处于由挤压向伸展的转换,并通过古生物和同位素测年等方法厘定出标志造山结束的上三叠统柴河组磨拉石建造。因此认为,古亚洲洋构造域对研究区的影响至少延续到晚三叠世。
3、研究区早侏罗世广泛沉积了含煤建造,主要为红旗组、万宝组,表明研究区该时期处于区域伸展至断陷稳定沉积的构造背景下。通过比较研究区、大兴安岭北段满洲里、根河地区的中侏罗世塔木兰沟组火山岩可知,大兴安岭地区中—晚侏罗世从北到南具有明显的俯冲极性特征,是蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲的地球动力学体现。
4、识别出研究区大型逆冲推覆构造,研究了逆冲推覆构造的结构、应变和形成时期,结合邻区同时期逆冲推覆构造的分布等特点,提出其形成于晚侏罗世西伯利亚板块南侵和北美板块左旋的应力作用下,蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋最终于漠河一线闭合,碰撞所引发的大面积推覆波及大兴安岭北段漠河盆地、研究区、燕山地区等整个东北地区,并广泛发育粗碎屑同构造沉积。
Great Xing'an Range, the core portion of Northeast Asian region that witnessed the influence of the various periods and tectonic domains, is a key to study the orogenic evolution history in the Northeast Asian and the Central Asia. Most recent researches focus on Late Paleozoic and Late Mesozoic. However, little has been reported about Triassic and Jurassic, especially about the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the magmatite activity. Isotope tests indicate that most of the volcanic activities are despite generally concern on the late Jurassic volcanic rocks concentrated in the Early Cretaceous. The reason why the middle Great Xing'an Range has been chosen as the study region is that the outcrop area of Mesozoic Strata is quite complete in this area.
Based on the combination of the field data and the latest results published in the study region that, this paper rebuild the original tectonic evolution of Triassic-Jurassic generally. And the following understanding is achieved.
Hadataolegai Formation adakites in early Triassic are identified. Paleo-Asian Ocean closes along the line of Silumulon River-Changchun-Yanji which collision activated Hegenshan-Heihe structural belt. The stress push the young crust to underthrust from south to north along Hegenshan-Nenjiang-Heihe line. The lower crust or the plate remain are advanced to the deeper mantle melting and then the adakites are formed. What's more, lacustrine clastic sediments are deposited in the surface intermountain basin. Therefore, the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean is a kind of continental subduction that the line along the of Silumulon River-Changchun-Yanji is the main collision belt while the line along Hegenshan-Nenjiang-Heihe is activated structural belt internal block. The former is earlier than the latter and larger than the latter in scale.
2、Both post-orogeny post-collision granites of middle-late triassic widely developed and A2type granite in partial area indicates that the crust of transforms compression into extension under the tectonic setting. Meanwhile, Chaihe group molasse of Upper Triassic which marks the termination of orogeny is determined by paleontology and isotopic dating methods. Therefore, Ancient Asian Ocean tectonic domain affects the study area extended to the Late Triassic at least.
3、The coal-bearing construction deposition early Jurassic in the study area of the main Red Flag Group and Manpower Group shows that this period in the study area is under the tectonic background of regional extension stable fault sedimentary. Comparing volcanic rocks of the middle Jurassic Tamulangou formation in the working area with the northern section of Great Xing'an Range and Root River region, conclusion can be drawn that the middle-late Jurassic in Great Xing'an Range has subduction polarity characteristics from north to south which is the reflection Mongolia-Okhotsk subduction geodynamic.
4、Identify a large thrust nappe structure in the study area, its structure, deformation and formation period were studied. In summary, comparing thrust nappe structures in study area with peripheral areas, it was occurred by the Siberia plate moving to south and the North American plate sinistral promoting in Late Jurassic when Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean eventually closed in Mohe line. A large nappe caused by the collision the entire Northeast region and the coarse clastic syntectonic sedimentation is widely developed.
引文
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