沙柳沙障腐蚀过程及防腐抗蚀效果研究
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摘要
沙柳沙障在设置一段时间以后会发生不同程度的腐蚀,从根本上影响了其生态效益的发挥。本文针对沙柳沙障的腐蚀现象,通过室内和野外试验结合的方法,分析沙柳沙障腐蚀过程和腐蚀规律,以及对不同环境因子对沙柳沙障腐蚀的作用进行研究,揭示出沙柳沙障腐蚀的机理,采用环保型化学防腐剂氨溶烷基胺铜和铜唑对沙柳沙障进行防腐试验,针对实际铺设沙柳沙障过程中的施工设计,提出一套防腐机理上的合理配置模式,以期延长沙柳沙障的使用寿命,对沙柳沙障的防护效益长久发挥具有重要的建设意义。主要结论如下：
(1)当沙柳沙障铺设年限为5a时,其倒伏率已经达到80%以上,抗弯强度损失率达到63.16%,失重率达到50.87%,防风固沙的作用基本丧失。沙柳沙障垂直位置的腐蚀规律为：从地上最顶端到地面分界处逐渐降低,从地面分界处到地下最底端逐渐升高的趋势。地下部分的沙柳沙障腐蚀比地上部分严重。通过对沙柳沙障腐蚀前后红外光谱的分析,沙柳沙障腐蚀过程中,半纤维素、纤维素及木质素均发生变化,在铺设5a后化学组成基本稳定。沙柳沙障腐蚀过程中化学成分含量的变化规律和FTIR分析结果相一致。利用扫描电子显微镜对沙柳沙障微观构造进行观察得出,沙柳沙障腐蚀的主要途径是,木腐菌通过沙障两段的暴露部分,从导管进入薄壁细胞,破坏细胞壁,并向外蔓延,最后导致壁上孔穴数目增多变大,致使细胞壁瓦解崩溃。细菌、放线菌、纤维素分解菌及真菌对沙柳沙障的腐蚀均具有促进的作用。
(2)沙柳沙障在30℃的温度下腐蚀较严重,高温和低温处理对沙柳沙障的腐蚀影响相对较小；土壤含水率越大沙柳沙障的腐蚀越严重;在偏酸性的土壤中能够促进沙柳沙障的腐蚀,pH=6的处理下,沙柳沙障的抗弯强度损失率和失重率最大；土壤有机质含量越大沙柳沙障的腐蚀越严重。
(3)ACQ防腐剂处理后沙柳沙障吸药量达到标准,且耐腐等级达到A级的最佳处理为：浓度为2.5%浸泡时间为24h的处理；CuAz防腐剂处理后沙柳沙障吸药量达到标准,且耐腐等级达到A级的最佳处理为：浓度为2.0%浸泡时间为24h的处理。通过灰色GM(1,1)模型对经防腐处理后沙柳沙障的使用年限进行预测,结果得出,经防腐剂处理后沙柳沙障的使用年限可以延长至20年。CuAz防腐剂的处理成本略高于ACQ防腐剂。防腐剂处理后每公顷沙柳沙障的年运行成本均可减半。
(4)沙丘不同部位沙柳沙障的腐蚀程度不同。丘间低地沙柳沙障的腐蚀最为严重,背风坡坡中沙柳沙障的腐蚀最轻。不同直径沙柳沙障的腐蚀程度存在差异,直径越小腐蚀越严重。根据沙丘部位及不同沙柳沙障直径沙柳沙障的腐蚀情况,对沙柳沙障今后的铺设提出以下的配置方案：沙柳沙障经防腐处理后,在腐蚀较严重的丘间低地、背风坡坡底以及迎风坡坡底铺设直径较粗的沙柳沙障；在腐蚀最轻的背风坡坡中及阳坡,铺设直径较细的沙柳沙障,其它坡位铺设直径居中的沙柳沙障。这样的配置在理论上搭配更合理,更有利于沙柳沙障的综合效益的最大发挥。
After a period of setting. Salix sand barriers have different degrees of corrosion, it affect the play of its ecological benefits fundamentally. The paper contrapose the corrosion phenomenon of the Salix sand barrier, through a combination of laboratory and field test methods, analysis the corrosion processes and law of Salix sand barrier, research on the the role of different environmental factors on Salix sand barrier corrosion, revealing the corrosion mechanism of Salix sand barrier, and make an antiseptic experiment by using the environmentally friendly chemical preservatives ACQ and CuAz to test the Salix sand barrier corrosion, putting forward a rational allocation with the corrosion mechanism for the actual laying the Salix sand barrier in the process of construction design, in order to extend the service life of the the Salix sand barrier, it has an important construction meaning of long-term play of Salix sand barrier protective effect. The main conclusions were shown as follows:
(1) When Salix sand barrier laying period is5a. the lodging rate has reached80%. and the flexural strength loss rate of63.16%, the weight loss rate of50.87%, the effect of its prevention of wind and sand was mainly loss. The corrosion law in vertical position of Salix sand barrier was as follows:it is gradually reduced from the top to the boundary between the floor and the ground. and gradually increased to the bottom of the underground. And the corrosion of underground sections of Salix sand barrier were severe than the aerial parts. Analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed that, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin changed during its corrosion process. And the chemical composition of Salix sand barrier was basically stable after the laying of5a. The variation of chemical composition of Salix sand barrier was the same as FTIR analysis results. Observable using scanning electron microscopy of the Microscopic Structure. the main way of corrosion of Salix sand barrier is wood-decay fungi through the expose parts of the sand barrier, enter into the parenchyma cells from the catheter. damage the cell wall. spread out. and lead to an increase of the number of larger wall cavity, then made the cell wall collapse eventually Bacteria, actinomyces. cellulose decomposition bacteria and fungus all has the function of promoting of the corrosion of Salix sand barrier.
(2) Salix sand barrier corrosion more serious is in the30℃temperature. the effect of high and low temperature is relatively small:corrosion of Salix sand barrier serious with the greater soil moisture content. in acidiccan soil promote the corrosion of Salix sand barrier; and the corrosion of Salix sand barrier was serious with the increase of soil organic matter content.
(3) The best treatment of ACQ preservative treatment, which retention was up to standard and corrosion-resistant reached to grade A level, is the concentration of the soaking time of2.5%for24h processing; The best treatment of CuAz preservative treatment, which retention was up to standard and corrosion-resistant reached to grade A level, is the concentration of the soaking time of2.0%for24h processing. Through the gray GM (1,1) model to predict the useful life of the the Salix sand barrier, the results showed that, the service life of the Salix sand barrier after the preservative treatment may be extended to20years. The cost of CuAz was slightly higher than ACQ. The operation cost of per hectare can all by half after treated with preservative.
(4) Corrosion degree of Salix sand barrier was different in different parts of sand dunes. Corrosion of Salix sand barrier in interdune lowlands is the most severe, and corrosion in middle leeward slope is the most lightest. Corrosion of different diameter Salix sand barrier are different, the smaller the diameter the more serious corrosion. According to the parts of sand dunes and different Salix sand barrier diameter, the paper put forward following configurations:after treated by preservatives, in more serious corrosion sand parts such as interdune lowland, the bottom of leeward and bottom of windward slope laying bigger diameter Salix sand barrier:in the lightest corrosion parts such as the middle leeward slope and sunny slope, laying smaller diameter Salix sand barrier, the other slope laying middle diameter sand barrier. Such a configuration in theory, is a more reasonable, and more conducive to the effective play of Salix sand barrier.
(1)当沙柳沙障铺设年限为5a时,其倒伏率已经达到80%以上,抗弯强度损失率达到63.16%,失重率达到50.87%,防风固沙的作用基本丧失。沙柳沙障垂直位置的腐蚀规律为：从地上最顶端到地面分界处逐渐降低,从地面分界处到地下最底端逐渐升高的趋势。地下部分的沙柳沙障腐蚀比地上部分严重。通过对沙柳沙障腐蚀前后红外光谱的分析,沙柳沙障腐蚀过程中,半纤维素、纤维素及木质素均发生变化,在铺设5a后化学组成基本稳定。沙柳沙障腐蚀过程中化学成分含量的变化规律和FTIR分析结果相一致。利用扫描电子显微镜对沙柳沙障微观构造进行观察得出,沙柳沙障腐蚀的主要途径是,木腐菌通过沙障两段的暴露部分,从导管进入薄壁细胞,破坏细胞壁,并向外蔓延,最后导致壁上孔穴数目增多变大,致使细胞壁瓦解崩溃。细菌、放线菌、纤维素分解菌及真菌对沙柳沙障的腐蚀均具有促进的作用。
(2)沙柳沙障在30℃的温度下腐蚀较严重,高温和低温处理对沙柳沙障的腐蚀影响相对较小；土壤含水率越大沙柳沙障的腐蚀越严重;在偏酸性的土壤中能够促进沙柳沙障的腐蚀,pH=6的处理下,沙柳沙障的抗弯强度损失率和失重率最大；土壤有机质含量越大沙柳沙障的腐蚀越严重。
(3)ACQ防腐剂处理后沙柳沙障吸药量达到标准,且耐腐等级达到A级的最佳处理为：浓度为2.5%浸泡时间为24h的处理；CuAz防腐剂处理后沙柳沙障吸药量达到标准,且耐腐等级达到A级的最佳处理为：浓度为2.0%浸泡时间为24h的处理。通过灰色GM(1,1)模型对经防腐处理后沙柳沙障的使用年限进行预测,结果得出,经防腐剂处理后沙柳沙障的使用年限可以延长至20年。CuAz防腐剂的处理成本略高于ACQ防腐剂。防腐剂处理后每公顷沙柳沙障的年运行成本均可减半。
(4)沙丘不同部位沙柳沙障的腐蚀程度不同。丘间低地沙柳沙障的腐蚀最为严重,背风坡坡中沙柳沙障的腐蚀最轻。不同直径沙柳沙障的腐蚀程度存在差异,直径越小腐蚀越严重。根据沙丘部位及不同沙柳沙障直径沙柳沙障的腐蚀情况,对沙柳沙障今后的铺设提出以下的配置方案：沙柳沙障经防腐处理后,在腐蚀较严重的丘间低地、背风坡坡底以及迎风坡坡底铺设直径较粗的沙柳沙障；在腐蚀最轻的背风坡坡中及阳坡,铺设直径较细的沙柳沙障,其它坡位铺设直径居中的沙柳沙障。这样的配置在理论上搭配更合理,更有利于沙柳沙障的综合效益的最大发挥。
After a period of setting. Salix sand barriers have different degrees of corrosion, it affect the play of its ecological benefits fundamentally. The paper contrapose the corrosion phenomenon of the Salix sand barrier, through a combination of laboratory and field test methods, analysis the corrosion processes and law of Salix sand barrier, research on the the role of different environmental factors on Salix sand barrier corrosion, revealing the corrosion mechanism of Salix sand barrier, and make an antiseptic experiment by using the environmentally friendly chemical preservatives ACQ and CuAz to test the Salix sand barrier corrosion, putting forward a rational allocation with the corrosion mechanism for the actual laying the Salix sand barrier in the process of construction design, in order to extend the service life of the the Salix sand barrier, it has an important construction meaning of long-term play of Salix sand barrier protective effect. The main conclusions were shown as follows:
(1) When Salix sand barrier laying period is5a. the lodging rate has reached80%. and the flexural strength loss rate of63.16%, the weight loss rate of50.87%, the effect of its prevention of wind and sand was mainly loss. The corrosion law in vertical position of Salix sand barrier was as follows:it is gradually reduced from the top to the boundary between the floor and the ground. and gradually increased to the bottom of the underground. And the corrosion of underground sections of Salix sand barrier were severe than the aerial parts. Analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed that, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin changed during its corrosion process. And the chemical composition of Salix sand barrier was basically stable after the laying of5a. The variation of chemical composition of Salix sand barrier was the same as FTIR analysis results. Observable using scanning electron microscopy of the Microscopic Structure. the main way of corrosion of Salix sand barrier is wood-decay fungi through the expose parts of the sand barrier, enter into the parenchyma cells from the catheter. damage the cell wall. spread out. and lead to an increase of the number of larger wall cavity, then made the cell wall collapse eventually Bacteria, actinomyces. cellulose decomposition bacteria and fungus all has the function of promoting of the corrosion of Salix sand barrier.
(2) Salix sand barrier corrosion more serious is in the30℃temperature. the effect of high and low temperature is relatively small:corrosion of Salix sand barrier serious with the greater soil moisture content. in acidiccan soil promote the corrosion of Salix sand barrier; and the corrosion of Salix sand barrier was serious with the increase of soil organic matter content.
(3) The best treatment of ACQ preservative treatment, which retention was up to standard and corrosion-resistant reached to grade A level, is the concentration of the soaking time of2.5%for24h processing; The best treatment of CuAz preservative treatment, which retention was up to standard and corrosion-resistant reached to grade A level, is the concentration of the soaking time of2.0%for24h processing. Through the gray GM (1,1) model to predict the useful life of the the Salix sand barrier, the results showed that, the service life of the Salix sand barrier after the preservative treatment may be extended to20years. The cost of CuAz was slightly higher than ACQ. The operation cost of per hectare can all by half after treated with preservative.
(4) Corrosion degree of Salix sand barrier was different in different parts of sand dunes. Corrosion of Salix sand barrier in interdune lowlands is the most severe, and corrosion in middle leeward slope is the most lightest. Corrosion of different diameter Salix sand barrier are different, the smaller the diameter the more serious corrosion. According to the parts of sand dunes and different Salix sand barrier diameter, the paper put forward following configurations:after treated by preservatives, in more serious corrosion sand parts such as interdune lowland, the bottom of leeward and bottom of windward slope laying bigger diameter Salix sand barrier:in the lightest corrosion parts such as the middle leeward slope and sunny slope, laying smaller diameter Salix sand barrier, the other slope laying middle diameter sand barrier. Such a configuration in theory, is a more reasonable, and more conducive to the effective play of Salix sand barrier.
引文
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