金属橡胶磁悬浮轴承组合支承转子系统动力学特性研究
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摘要
本文将磁悬浮轴承支承在金属橡胶环上,构成金属橡胶磁悬浮轴承组合支承转子系统。研究转子-磁轴承-弹性基座复杂系统的结构设计及动态特性。在一般磁悬浮轴承控制策略的基础上,利用金属橡胶环产生的附加阻尼,降低转子的振幅,提高系统的稳定性,使转子能够安全稳定地越过系统的弯曲临界转速。主要内容如下:
首先,分析了金属橡胶阻尼工作原理,在原有磁悬浮轴承实验台基础上,根据金属橡胶的力学特性和原有实验台机械结构参数设计并加工了金属橡胶环、磁悬浮轴承座、金属橡胶环座、实验台基座等相关零部件,建立了金属橡胶磁悬浮轴承组合支承转子系统实验台。
其次,论述了组合支承系统各环节的设计方法,建立了金属橡胶磁悬浮轴承组合支承转子系统的数学模型。采用Matlab软件编写了相关程序,分析了金属橡胶磁悬浮轴承组合支承转子系统的固有频率、阻尼、振型、不平衡响应等性能参数,并与原有的一般磁悬浮轴承转子系统进行了比较。
最后,通过试验模态分析和系统高速旋转实验对比分析了金属橡胶环对磁悬浮轴承转子系统动态性能的影响。研究结果表明,增加合适支承刚度及支承阻尼的金属橡胶环可以明显降低转子在弯曲模态频率处的振动,减轻磁悬浮轴承为抑制转子弯曲振动所付出的代价,有利于系统平稳越过弯曲临界转速。
To reduce the vibration of the flexible rotor supported by active magnetic bearings, metal rubber annuluses are introduced and set around the active magnetic bearings, which is called complex bearing system. Structure design and dynamic characteristics of the system supported by the complex bearings are studied in this paper. The main contents and conclusions are summarized as follows: First, based on the original experimental setup with active magnetic bearings, metal rubber annuluses, seats, and some other parts are designed and machined, and the experimental setup with active magnetic bearings and metal rubber annuluses is built.
Secondly, each part of the system is presented. Mathematic model of the system supported by the complex bearings is set up. The analysis program is developed by Matlab, and the dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed, such as natural frequencies, modal damping, mode shape, unbalance response and so on, and compared with the original experimental setup with only active magnetic bearings.
Finally, the dynamic characteristics of the system supported by the complex bearings or by only active magnetic bearings are studied by the Experimental Modal Analysis and actual operation of the two experimental setups. The results show that the metal rubber annuluses with appropriate stiffness and damping can increase the first bending modal damping of the system obviously, and help the system to get across the first bending critical speed safely.
首先,分析了金属橡胶阻尼工作原理,在原有磁悬浮轴承实验台基础上,根据金属橡胶的力学特性和原有实验台机械结构参数设计并加工了金属橡胶环、磁悬浮轴承座、金属橡胶环座、实验台基座等相关零部件,建立了金属橡胶磁悬浮轴承组合支承转子系统实验台。
其次,论述了组合支承系统各环节的设计方法,建立了金属橡胶磁悬浮轴承组合支承转子系统的数学模型。采用Matlab软件编写了相关程序,分析了金属橡胶磁悬浮轴承组合支承转子系统的固有频率、阻尼、振型、不平衡响应等性能参数,并与原有的一般磁悬浮轴承转子系统进行了比较。
最后,通过试验模态分析和系统高速旋转实验对比分析了金属橡胶环对磁悬浮轴承转子系统动态性能的影响。研究结果表明,增加合适支承刚度及支承阻尼的金属橡胶环可以明显降低转子在弯曲模态频率处的振动,减轻磁悬浮轴承为抑制转子弯曲振动所付出的代价,有利于系统平稳越过弯曲临界转速。
To reduce the vibration of the flexible rotor supported by active magnetic bearings, metal rubber annuluses are introduced and set around the active magnetic bearings, which is called complex bearing system. Structure design and dynamic characteristics of the system supported by the complex bearings are studied in this paper. The main contents and conclusions are summarized as follows: First, based on the original experimental setup with active magnetic bearings, metal rubber annuluses, seats, and some other parts are designed and machined, and the experimental setup with active magnetic bearings and metal rubber annuluses is built.
Secondly, each part of the system is presented. Mathematic model of the system supported by the complex bearings is set up. The analysis program is developed by Matlab, and the dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed, such as natural frequencies, modal damping, mode shape, unbalance response and so on, and compared with the original experimental setup with only active magnetic bearings.
Finally, the dynamic characteristics of the system supported by the complex bearings or by only active magnetic bearings are studied by the Experimental Modal Analysis and actual operation of the two experimental setups. The results show that the metal rubber annuluses with appropriate stiffness and damping can increase the first bending modal damping of the system obviously, and help the system to get across the first bending critical speed safely.
引文
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[3] Earnshaw S, On the nature of the molecular forces which regulate the constitution of the lumiferous ether, Trans.Camb.Phil.Soc.7, 1842: 97~112
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[8] J.Imlach, B.J.Blair, P.E.Allaire, Measured and Predicted Force and Stiffness Characteristics of Industrial Magnetic Bearings. ASME Trans, Journal of Tribology, 1991, 113(10): 784～788
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[14] Ishimatsu. T, Shimomachi. T, Taguchi. N, Active vibration control of flexible rotor using electromagnetic damper Proceedings, International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation,1991: 437~442
[15] Okade.Y , Vibration control of flexible rotor by inclination control magnetic bearings with axial self-bearing motor,IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2001: 521~524
[16] Nonami, Adaptive vibration control for passing over flexible critical speed of 10 MWh class energy storage flywheel system using superconducting magnetic bearing, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004: 1937~1943
[17] Hideo Shida, Mitsuhiro Ichihara, Kazuto Seto, Motion and Vibration Control of Flexible Rotor Using Magnetic Bearing, Proceeding of the 8th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearing , Mito, Japan, 2002(8): 381～386
[18] Mehmet N, Sahinkaya, Abdul-Hadi G, Abulrub, Patrick S.Keogh, on the Modeling of Flexible Rotor/Magnetic Bearing Systems when in Contact with Retainer Bearings, Proceeding of the 9th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearing , Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 2004(8): 1～6
[19] Patrick Keogh, Matthew Cole, Necip Sahinkaya, Clifford Burrows, On the Control of Synchronous Vibration in Rotor/Magnetic Bearing Systems Involving Auxiliary Bearing Contact, Proceeding of the ASME TURBO EXPO, Amsterdam, The Netherland, 2002(6): 1～8
[20] Lei Zhao, Controller design for a flexible rotor supported by active magnetic bearing passing the critical rotational speed, Qinghua Daxue Xuebao, 2005: 821~823
[21]童水光,汪希萱,转子—轴承系统中电磁阻尼器理论研究,振动工程学报, 1992,Vol.5(1):17~24
[22]何钦象,刘颖,磁浮轴承—转子系统非线性动态特性分析,应用力学学报,2004.9,Vol.21(3):113～116
[23]张刚,李松生,张建生,杨新洲,虞烈,谢友柏,磁悬浮轴承—转子系统的机电耦合动力学模型,机械科学与技术,2003.7,Vol.22(增刊):40～43
[24]汪希平,电磁轴承系统及其仿真方法,上海大学学报(自然科学版),1995.6,Vol.1(3):293～301
[25]杨静,虞烈,电磁轴承过临界转速的非线性极点配置,轴承,2002.11,Vol.19(11):1～4
[26]胡业发,基于结构动态特性的磁悬浮主轴系统研究,[硕士学位论文],武汉,武汉理工大学,2001
[27] Hu Yefa, Wu Huachun, Wang Xiaoguang, Zhou Zude, Inversion of Magnetic Bearing Sensors Position, Proceeding of the Second International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, Jinan, China, 2002(8): 706～709
[28]吴华春,磁力轴承支承的转子动态特性研究,[博士学位论文],武汉,武汉理工大学,2005.9
[29]谢振宇,徐龙祥,李迎,丘大谋,虞烈,磁悬浮轴承转子系统动态特性的实验研究,航空动力学报,2004.2,Vol.19(1):30～37
[30]谢振宇,李克雷,赵钦泉,黄佩珍,带阻尼器磁悬浮轴承转子系统性能的实验分析,航空动力学报,2008,Vol.23(7):1312～1317
[31]谢振宇,李克雷,赵钦泉,黄佩珍,磁悬浮阻尼器对磁悬浮转子系统动态特性影响,航空动力学报,2008,Vol.23(6):1087～1092
[32]李中郢,等,金属橡胶构件的设计,北京,国防工业出版社,2000.5
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