一株耐镉恶臭假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其重要的镉抗性相关基因的克隆
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摘要
从武汉钢铁厂污泥样本中分离到一株对重金属镉具有高耐受的细菌，通过形态学观察、大量的生理生化实验以及16Sr DNA序列的分析，将该细菌鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌，命名为Pseudomonas putida CD2。金属的最大耐受浓度(MTC)实验显示了菌株CD2对多种二价的重金属离子具有极高的耐受性。
利用转座子Tn5-B21对菌株CD2进行了随机插入突变，从12000个突变子中筛选获得12个镉离子敏感的突变株。使用inverse PCR方法克隆了突变株中Tn5-B21的侧翼序列。结果发现有六个基因与重金属镉的耐受有关，他们分别是cadA2、czcC1、czcB1、czcA1、colR和colS。其中czcC1、czcB1和czcA1组成了操纵子czcCBA1；colR和colS组成了操纵子colRS。
czcCBA1的缺失严重的影响了P．putida CD2对各种二价重金属离子的耐受能力，尤其是Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Co~(2+)。其翻译出的三个蛋白组成一个横跨细胞壁的蛋白复合体，形成一个不需要能量的阳离子-质子对流泵，直接将细胞内多余的重金属离子排出胞外。cadA2的缺失仅仅导致对Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的敏感，cadA2编码一个质膜P型ATPase，在水解ATP供能的情况下，改变蛋白构像形成离子通道，将金属离子送到胞质空间。czcCBA1和cadA2的同系物在其他的重金属抗性细菌中已见报道。
colRS是一个典型的组氨酸蛋白激酶信号转导系统，这个系统已被报道与细菌的根际定植能力、细菌的互作、以及内生转座子转座频率等生理反应相关。这里我们发现它控制着重金属的耐受，colRS的缺失导致了对二价重金属离子抗性的下降，特别是Mn~(2+)，这个新的功能通过互补实验得到了验证。
利用Tn5-B21上带有的不含启动子的lacZ基因，可以通过测定β-galactosidase活性来研究这些抗性基因的金属诱导表达差异。Zn~(2+)能85倍的诱导czcC1的表达，Cu~(2+)对于czcC1也是一个好的诱导剂。cadA2能明显被Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和pb~(2+)诱导。而colR的金属诱导表达不明显。
上述研究结果和结论，对研究细菌对重金属的耐受机制有非常重要的理论意义。
A cadmium resistance bacteria was isolated from sewage sludge samples collectedin WuHan Steel Factory. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas putida bymorphological observation, plentiful physiological-biochemical experiments and 16SrDNA sequence analysis, named P. putida CD2. Maximal tolerant concentrations (MTCs)for the strain were determined. Strain CD2 exhibited high MTC values for a largespectrum of divalent metals.
12000 mutants were obtained by using Tn5-B21 insertion mutagenesis, 12 mutantsshowed substantial decrease in resistance to cadmium by screening the library. The DNAsequences of the contiguous region from the Tn5 insertion sites were determined byinverse PCR. Six genes involved in cadmium resistance were identified: cadA2, czcC1,czcB1, czcA1, colR and colS. The last five genes belonged to two operons, czcCBA1 andcolRS, respectively.
Disruption of czcCBA1 in Pseudomonas putida CD2 severely impaired theresistance to divalent heavy metal ions, especially to Cd~(2+), Zn~(2+) and Co~(2+). The threeproteins, CzcC1, CzcB1 and CzcA1 made up of a protein-complex spanning the entirecell wall. As a cation-proton antiporter, the protein-complex transfered excessive metalions to outside without energy providing. Disruption of cadA2 in P. putida CD2 onlyresulted in the sensitivities to Cd~(2+), Zn~(2+) and Pb~(2+). cadA2 encoded a P-type ATPase. Byhydrolyzing the ATP, the protein structure was changed and formed cation channel, thencarried the metal ions to Periplasmic space. The homologs of czcCBA1 and cadA2 hadbeen reported in other metal-resistant bacteria.
coIRS was a typical Histidine kinase two-component signal transduction (TCST)system, and played a functional generalist, which was concerned with root-colonizingability, communication of bacteria and regulation of Tn4652 transposition. In this work,we presented a novel function of colRS, which regulated the metal resistance orhomeostasis. Disruption of colRS resulted in the substantial decrease of divalent metalresistance, especially for Mn~(2+), the novel fuction had been identified by geneticcomplemention.
Utilizing the promoterless lacZ gene on Tn5-B21, the metal ions inducibleexpressions of the three genes could be assessed by mensurating theβ-Galactosidaseactivities. Zn~(2+) was the most effective inducer for induction of PczcC1, the induction wasabout 85 fold in the wild-type background, and Cuv was also effective for czcC1, cadA2was distinctly induced by Cd~(2+), Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) with the following order of effectiveness: Cd~(2+)≥Pb~(2+)≥Zn~(2+). The induction of PcolR was unobvious.
The aforementioned results and conclusions might be scientific significance in theresearch of the metal resistant mechanisms in bacteria.
利用转座子Tn5-B21对菌株CD2进行了随机插入突变，从12000个突变子中筛选获得12个镉离子敏感的突变株。使用inverse PCR方法克隆了突变株中Tn5-B21的侧翼序列。结果发现有六个基因与重金属镉的耐受有关，他们分别是cadA2、czcC1、czcB1、czcA1、colR和colS。其中czcC1、czcB1和czcA1组成了操纵子czcCBA1；colR和colS组成了操纵子colRS。
czcCBA1的缺失严重的影响了P．putida CD2对各种二价重金属离子的耐受能力，尤其是Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Co~(2+)。其翻译出的三个蛋白组成一个横跨细胞壁的蛋白复合体，形成一个不需要能量的阳离子-质子对流泵，直接将细胞内多余的重金属离子排出胞外。cadA2的缺失仅仅导致对Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的敏感，cadA2编码一个质膜P型ATPase，在水解ATP供能的情况下，改变蛋白构像形成离子通道，将金属离子送到胞质空间。czcCBA1和cadA2的同系物在其他的重金属抗性细菌中已见报道。
colRS是一个典型的组氨酸蛋白激酶信号转导系统，这个系统已被报道与细菌的根际定植能力、细菌的互作、以及内生转座子转座频率等生理反应相关。这里我们发现它控制着重金属的耐受，colRS的缺失导致了对二价重金属离子抗性的下降，特别是Mn~(2+)，这个新的功能通过互补实验得到了验证。
利用Tn5-B21上带有的不含启动子的lacZ基因，可以通过测定β-galactosidase活性来研究这些抗性基因的金属诱导表达差异。Zn~(2+)能85倍的诱导czcC1的表达，Cu~(2+)对于czcC1也是一个好的诱导剂。cadA2能明显被Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和pb~(2+)诱导。而colR的金属诱导表达不明显。
上述研究结果和结论，对研究细菌对重金属的耐受机制有非常重要的理论意义。
A cadmium resistance bacteria was isolated from sewage sludge samples collectedin WuHan Steel Factory. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas putida bymorphological observation, plentiful physiological-biochemical experiments and 16SrDNA sequence analysis, named P. putida CD2. Maximal tolerant concentrations (MTCs)for the strain were determined. Strain CD2 exhibited high MTC values for a largespectrum of divalent metals.
12000 mutants were obtained by using Tn5-B21 insertion mutagenesis, 12 mutantsshowed substantial decrease in resistance to cadmium by screening the library. The DNAsequences of the contiguous region from the Tn5 insertion sites were determined byinverse PCR. Six genes involved in cadmium resistance were identified: cadA2, czcC1,czcB1, czcA1, colR and colS. The last five genes belonged to two operons, czcCBA1 andcolRS, respectively.
Disruption of czcCBA1 in Pseudomonas putida CD2 severely impaired theresistance to divalent heavy metal ions, especially to Cd~(2+), Zn~(2+) and Co~(2+). The threeproteins, CzcC1, CzcB1 and CzcA1 made up of a protein-complex spanning the entirecell wall. As a cation-proton antiporter, the protein-complex transfered excessive metalions to outside without energy providing. Disruption of cadA2 in P. putida CD2 onlyresulted in the sensitivities to Cd~(2+), Zn~(2+) and Pb~(2+). cadA2 encoded a P-type ATPase. Byhydrolyzing the ATP, the protein structure was changed and formed cation channel, thencarried the metal ions to Periplasmic space. The homologs of czcCBA1 and cadA2 hadbeen reported in other metal-resistant bacteria.
coIRS was a typical Histidine kinase two-component signal transduction (TCST)system, and played a functional generalist, which was concerned with root-colonizingability, communication of bacteria and regulation of Tn4652 transposition. In this work,we presented a novel function of colRS, which regulated the metal resistance orhomeostasis. Disruption of colRS resulted in the substantial decrease of divalent metalresistance, especially for Mn~(2+), the novel fuction had been identified by geneticcomplemention.
Utilizing the promoterless lacZ gene on Tn5-B21, the metal ions inducibleexpressions of the three genes could be assessed by mensurating theβ-Galactosidaseactivities. Zn~(2+) was the most effective inducer for induction of PczcC1, the induction wasabout 85 fold in the wild-type background, and Cuv was also effective for czcC1, cadA2was distinctly induced by Cd~(2+), Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) with the following order of effectiveness: Cd~(2+)≥Pb~(2+)≥Zn~(2+). The induction of PcolR was unobvious.
The aforementioned results and conclusions might be scientific significance in theresearch of the metal resistant mechanisms in bacteria.
引文
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