新型硅铝微粒助留助滤剂的制备及应用
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摘要
本文通过将硫酸铝酸化硅酸钠合成了带负电荷的新型硅铝微粒助留助滤剂，并用DDJ动态滤水仪系统深人地探讨了以CS／CPAM／硅铝微粒构成的微粒助留体系的助留助滤性能，并优化其应用条件。
首先，研究了硅铝微粒的合成反应，其适宜反应条件为：硅酸钠浓度0.15％、温度25-30℃、pH值6.5-7.5、反应时间1.5小时左右。
其次，研究了合成硅铝微粒的物理性能，经测定硅铝微粒是一种高比表面积，粒径非常小的球状颗粒，粒径大约在5～10nm，比表面积为615m~2／g左右。合成硅铝微粒反应结束后，需作稳定处理，防止产生凝胶；但硅铝微粒在短期内贮存不会影响其助留助滤效果，贮存期超过两个月会产生凝胶；熟化时间的变化对留着性能影响不大。
最后，本论文研究了硅铝微粒助留体系对漂白麦草浆的助留助滤作用，并与其它助留体系进行对比。
硅铝微粒助留体系的助留助滤性能明显好于阳离子淀粉／CPAM双组分体系，各助剂的最佳添加量为阳离子淀粉1％、CPAM0.02％、硅铝微粒0.1％～0．3％。CPAM-硅铝微粒系统中，CPAM在高剪切力下加入时的助留助滤性能远远好于在低剪切力时加入的助留助滤性能。硅铝微粒助留系统对纸料的助留助滤性能优于常规CS-CPAM助留助滤体系，而且CS-CPAM-硅铝微粒助留助滤体系又要胜于CS-硅铝微粒助留助滤体系。
硅铝凝胶溶液与硅铝溶胶具有相似的助留助滤效果，不同的是，硅铝凝胶系统需要的凝胶量较大，在5％时才能达到最好的助留助滤效果，而硅铝溶胶系统达到相同的助留助滤效果，只需要硅铝微粒0.1％。硅铝凝胶系统中，硅铝凝胶颗粒和凝胶滤液都具有很好的助留助滤性能，凝胶滤液的助留助滤作用比硅铝凝胶颗粒更强。
在硅铝微粒助留助滤系统中，先加CPAM的助留助滤性能好于先加硅铝微粒的助留助滤性能；硅铝微粒体系抗剪切能力强，高剪切力对纸料的滤水性能没有影响，但对纸料的留着率影响很大；CS-CPAM-硅铝微粒助留助滤体系适用更宽的纸料pH范围，有更清洁的造纸白水。
硅铝微粒系统在提高纸料留着率的同时，对纸页的物理性能影响不大。硅铝微粒对AKD施胶性能没有明显影响。在AKD用量较少，而硅铝微粒用量过大时，有削弱施胶效能的作用，相反，当AKD用量达到一定值时，硅铝微粒用量0.1％以下时有施胶增效作用。
硅铝微粒系统与膨润土系统比较，硅铝微粒的用量比膨润土少，助滤效果相当，而助留效果更好。从手抄片性能测试结果比较，硅铝微粒系统手抄片的性能略好于膨润土系统。
Since the beginning of 90's years in the 20 century, Microparticle retention and drainage system have had wide development in both research and application field because its excellence capabilities. Presently, the development of microparticle retention and drainage system are main embodiment in the research and exploitation of new microparticle agent. The article mainly discussed these topics: Synthesizing a new type silica-aluminum microparticle retention and drainage agent; Testing the performance of retention and drainage in papermaking by using dynamic drainage jar. Major experimental results are as follow.
The perfect processing condition of silica-aluminum micropartile synthesis was: The concentration of sodium silicate is 0.15%,Temprature of reaction is 25-30 C,pH value is 7.5-9.5.Time of reaction is about 1.5 hours.
Silica-aluminum microparticle is a type of super little spherical paniculate with high surface area. Diameter is about 5-10nm, surface area is about 615 m2/g.
The retention and drainage performance of silica-aluminum microparticle system is more better than two-component system comprised with CS and CPAM. The perfect dosage of each aid is: CS1%, CPAM0.02%, silica-aluminum microparticle 0.1%~0.3%.
In CPAM/ silica-aluminum microparticle system, When CPAM is added in high shearing strength, the performance of retention and drainage are more better than it is added in low shearing strength. From comparison of the performances of retention and drainage, We found out silica-aluminum microparticle system is better than routine CS/CPAM system or CS/ Silica-aluminum microparticle system. The retention actions of both GCC and talcum powder is excellent.
Silica-aluminum gel has the same performance of retention and drainage as Silica-aluminum sol. The difference lies in that the dosage of Silica-aluminum gel is 5%,while the Silica-aluminum sol is 0.1% when they achieve the same effect of retention and drainage. Both gel particle and gel filtrate have the abilities of retention and drainage, while gel filtrate is better than gel particle.
Comparing the performance of retention and drainage, Adding CPAM first is better than adding silica-aluminum microparticle first. Silica-aluminum microparticle system are more powerful for resisting shearing strength, and it can be applied with abroad range of pH value.
It is necessary to make it stabilization in the end of synthesis to resist producing gel; The
action of retention and drainage will not change when Silica-aluminum microparticle is reserved less than two month.
Silica-aluminum microparticle system won't affect the physical performance of paper when it enhances the retention efficiency.
Silica-aluminum microparticle has no evident effect on AKD sizing. The sizing effect will be reduced when the dosage of AKD is less, while the dosage of silica-aluminum microparticle is overfull. On the contrary, AKD sizing effect will be enhanced when the dosage of AKD reaches some value, while the dosage of silica-aluminum microparticle is less than 0.1%.
Silica-aluminum microparticle system comparing with bentonite system, It turns out the dosage of silica-aluminum microparticle is less than bentonite, but comparing with the performance of retention, the former is better than the later. The performance of hand sheet is superior too.
首先，研究了硅铝微粒的合成反应，其适宜反应条件为：硅酸钠浓度0.15％、温度25-30℃、pH值6.5-7.5、反应时间1.5小时左右。
其次，研究了合成硅铝微粒的物理性能，经测定硅铝微粒是一种高比表面积，粒径非常小的球状颗粒，粒径大约在5～10nm，比表面积为615m~2／g左右。合成硅铝微粒反应结束后，需作稳定处理，防止产生凝胶；但硅铝微粒在短期内贮存不会影响其助留助滤效果，贮存期超过两个月会产生凝胶；熟化时间的变化对留着性能影响不大。
最后，本论文研究了硅铝微粒助留体系对漂白麦草浆的助留助滤作用，并与其它助留体系进行对比。
硅铝微粒助留体系的助留助滤性能明显好于阳离子淀粉／CPAM双组分体系，各助剂的最佳添加量为阳离子淀粉1％、CPAM0.02％、硅铝微粒0.1％～0．3％。CPAM-硅铝微粒系统中，CPAM在高剪切力下加入时的助留助滤性能远远好于在低剪切力时加入的助留助滤性能。硅铝微粒助留系统对纸料的助留助滤性能优于常规CS-CPAM助留助滤体系，而且CS-CPAM-硅铝微粒助留助滤体系又要胜于CS-硅铝微粒助留助滤体系。
硅铝凝胶溶液与硅铝溶胶具有相似的助留助滤效果，不同的是，硅铝凝胶系统需要的凝胶量较大，在5％时才能达到最好的助留助滤效果，而硅铝溶胶系统达到相同的助留助滤效果，只需要硅铝微粒0.1％。硅铝凝胶系统中，硅铝凝胶颗粒和凝胶滤液都具有很好的助留助滤性能，凝胶滤液的助留助滤作用比硅铝凝胶颗粒更强。
在硅铝微粒助留助滤系统中，先加CPAM的助留助滤性能好于先加硅铝微粒的助留助滤性能；硅铝微粒体系抗剪切能力强，高剪切力对纸料的滤水性能没有影响，但对纸料的留着率影响很大；CS-CPAM-硅铝微粒助留助滤体系适用更宽的纸料pH范围，有更清洁的造纸白水。
硅铝微粒系统在提高纸料留着率的同时，对纸页的物理性能影响不大。硅铝微粒对AKD施胶性能没有明显影响。在AKD用量较少，而硅铝微粒用量过大时，有削弱施胶效能的作用，相反，当AKD用量达到一定值时，硅铝微粒用量0.1％以下时有施胶增效作用。
硅铝微粒系统与膨润土系统比较，硅铝微粒的用量比膨润土少，助滤效果相当，而助留效果更好。从手抄片性能测试结果比较，硅铝微粒系统手抄片的性能略好于膨润土系统。
Since the beginning of 90's years in the 20 century, Microparticle retention and drainage system have had wide development in both research and application field because its excellence capabilities. Presently, the development of microparticle retention and drainage system are main embodiment in the research and exploitation of new microparticle agent. The article mainly discussed these topics: Synthesizing a new type silica-aluminum microparticle retention and drainage agent; Testing the performance of retention and drainage in papermaking by using dynamic drainage jar. Major experimental results are as follow.
The perfect processing condition of silica-aluminum micropartile synthesis was: The concentration of sodium silicate is 0.15%,Temprature of reaction is 25-30 C,pH value is 7.5-9.5.Time of reaction is about 1.5 hours.
Silica-aluminum microparticle is a type of super little spherical paniculate with high surface area. Diameter is about 5-10nm, surface area is about 615 m2/g.
The retention and drainage performance of silica-aluminum microparticle system is more better than two-component system comprised with CS and CPAM. The perfect dosage of each aid is: CS1%, CPAM0.02%, silica-aluminum microparticle 0.1%~0.3%.
In CPAM/ silica-aluminum microparticle system, When CPAM is added in high shearing strength, the performance of retention and drainage are more better than it is added in low shearing strength. From comparison of the performances of retention and drainage, We found out silica-aluminum microparticle system is better than routine CS/CPAM system or CS/ Silica-aluminum microparticle system. The retention actions of both GCC and talcum powder is excellent.
Silica-aluminum gel has the same performance of retention and drainage as Silica-aluminum sol. The difference lies in that the dosage of Silica-aluminum gel is 5%,while the Silica-aluminum sol is 0.1% when they achieve the same effect of retention and drainage. Both gel particle and gel filtrate have the abilities of retention and drainage, while gel filtrate is better than gel particle.
Comparing the performance of retention and drainage, Adding CPAM first is better than adding silica-aluminum microparticle first. Silica-aluminum microparticle system are more powerful for resisting shearing strength, and it can be applied with abroad range of pH value.
It is necessary to make it stabilization in the end of synthesis to resist producing gel; The
action of retention and drainage will not change when Silica-aluminum microparticle is reserved less than two month.
Silica-aluminum microparticle system won't affect the physical performance of paper when it enhances the retention efficiency.
Silica-aluminum microparticle has no evident effect on AKD sizing. The sizing effect will be reduced when the dosage of AKD is less, while the dosage of silica-aluminum microparticle is overfull. On the contrary, AKD sizing effect will be enhanced when the dosage of AKD reaches some value, while the dosage of silica-aluminum microparticle is less than 0.1%.
Silica-aluminum microparticle system comparing with bentonite system, It turns out the dosage of silica-aluminum microparticle is less than bentonite, but comparing with the performance of retention, the former is better than the later. The performance of hand sheet is superior too.
引文
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3．陈根荣．世界造纸化学品市场最新动态[J]．造纸化学品，2000，12(1)：6～12
4．陈根荣．湿部化学品在提高纸机车速中的作用[J]．造纸化学品，2000，3：12
5. Martin W. Beck. Wet end chemistry and paper machine stability[J]. Paper Technology. 1998, 39(4): 33-38
6．张光华．造纸化学品．化学工业出版社，2002
7．王海毅．纸料中两性聚丙烯酰胺的助留助滤作用机理．天津轻工业学院博士学位论文，2001
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10．花莉，陆赵情，王志杰．湿部化学品的发展状况．西南造纸．2002(6)：14-16
11．张旋，胡惠仁．季铵型CPAM组成的复式助留助滤系统对助留助滤作用的研究．国际造纸，2001，20 (3)：43-47
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