小麦纹枯病、白粉病抗性QTL分析
摘要
小麦纹枯病(wheat sharp eyespot)和白粉病(powdery mildew)均为近年来我国小麦生产中的主要病害，造成的产量损失十分严重。利用数量性状位点(QTL)作图技术对小麦纹枯病抗病基因和白粉病数量性状抗性基因进行定位，可以为分子标记辅助选择和抗病育种提供研究基础。国内外关于纹枯病的QTL分析尚未见报道，白粉病的QTL分析也罕见报道。本研究开展了小麦纹枯病抗源筛选、抗病作图群体培育、遗传连锁图构建等工作，同时对(温麦6号×山红麦)、(Opata85×W7984)群体进行抗纹枯病、白粉病QTLs分析，得到以下研究结果：
对81份小麦-粗山羊草合成双二倍体和29份小黑麦、黑麦进行了连续两年的抗纹枯病鉴定，筛选出4份对小麦纹枯病表现稳定抗性的材料：小麦-粗山羊草合成双二倍体Y94-95SYNIDD45、Y94-95SYNIDD447、六倍体小黑麦、四倍体小黑麦，丰富了小麦抗纹枯病育种的抗源。
利用传统数量遗传学方法，对(温麦6号×山红麦)F_1、F_2代抗病性进行分析，初步明确了山红麦对纹枯病的抗性为数量性状。
用抗纹枯病的农家种山红麦与高产优质但高度感病的温麦6号进行杂交，培育了用于抗纹枯病基因定位的重组自交系群体。用152个SSR、AFLP标记构建了该群体的遗传连锁图。平均两个标记的距离为20.7cM，图距3148cM。
采用基于混合线性模型的复合区间作图软件QTLMAPER，分别对(Opata85×W7984)群体的苗期、成株期，(温麦6号×山红麦)群体成株期进行了QTL分析。在前一群体中检测到6个与小麦纹枯病苗期抗病性相关的加性QTL，可以解释64.94％的表型变异。在2个群体中检测出3个成株期抗纹枯病QTL。其中(Opata85×W7984)群体中位于7B染色体上的QTL与苗期抗纹枯病QTL位点一致，对成株期抗性的变异解释达到19.11％。在(温麦6号×山红麦)群体田间和温室环境中各检测到一个抗性QTL位点，分别位于2B、6B染色体上，对表型的变异解释为13.11％、14.34％。抗性效应分别来自感病亲本温麦6号和抗病亲本山红麦。在苗期和成株期的不同群体、不同环境下，都检测到了效应显著的基因互作的QTL影响小麦对纹枯病的抗性，说明上位性是控制小麦对纹枯病抗性的重要遗传因子。
本研究还对(Opata85×W7984)群体进行了抗白粉病QTL分析，共检测到3个
与小麦白粉病抗性相关的加性 QTL位点，可以解释 42．82％的表型变异。其中位
于7D染色体的QTL贡献最大，可解释抗性变异的29．55％，来自粗山羊草的Pmlg
和来自普通小麦的 Pmls均位于该染色体。而位于 3B染色体的 QTL位点与 Pm13
的分子标记 Xcdo460的遗传距离为 10．3cM，这些 QTL位点与己知 Pm基因的关
系有待进一步研究。另有 2对互作基因对表型的解释变异解释为门．99％。
Wheat sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis and wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis are two of the serious diseases in China, which have resulted in great loss of wheat grain yield. To map and localize resistance QTLs associated with both diseases using quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis can contribute to providing theoretical guide to breeding for disease resistance and the basis on which molecular marker-assisted selection can be implemented.
To our knowledge, no QTLs for sharp eyespot resistance have been localised in wheat, and only a few studies have been published so far localised QTLs for residence to powdery mildew.
Therefore, screen resistance germplasm and preliminary analysis of resistance mechanism to Rhizoctonia cerealis were carried out. Genetic linkage map of (Wenmai6xShanhongmai) recombinant inbred lines was constructed using SSR and AFLP markers. Analysis of resistance QTL associated with diseases caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis and Blumeria graminis using population derived from the cross of (Wenmai6xShanhongmai) and (Opata85> 1. The resistance to sharp eyespot of 81 wheat-Aegilops synthetic, 29 rye and triticale was evaluated during 2000-2001, four of them are tolerant to the disease, they are synthetic lines Y94-95SYNIDD45, Y94-95SYNIDD447, Hexaploid triticale and tetraploid tritcale Birda.
2. The heredility of the cross (Wenmai6x Shanhongmai) and x2 test based on the ?2 frequency of disease index were calculated, it is shown that the resistance to sharp eyespot from landrace Shanhongmai are quantitative trait.
3. The mapping population derived from the cross of (Wenmai6xShanhongmai) was cultured which containing 116 inbred lines. The genetic linkage map of this population was constructed using SSR, AFLP marker.
4. Through mixed-model composite interval mapping, six putative QTLs associated with seedling resistance to Rhizoctonia cerealis were detected in the population of (Opata85xW7984), totally accounted for 49.9% of phenotypic variation. Three
3
putative QTLs associated with adult resistance to Rhizoctonia cerealis were detected in the population of (Opata85*W7984) and (Wenmai6> 5. In the population of (Opata85>
对81份小麦-粗山羊草合成双二倍体和29份小黑麦、黑麦进行了连续两年的抗纹枯病鉴定，筛选出4份对小麦纹枯病表现稳定抗性的材料：小麦-粗山羊草合成双二倍体Y94-95SYNIDD45、Y94-95SYNIDD447、六倍体小黑麦、四倍体小黑麦，丰富了小麦抗纹枯病育种的抗源。
利用传统数量遗传学方法，对(温麦6号×山红麦)F_1、F_2代抗病性进行分析，初步明确了山红麦对纹枯病的抗性为数量性状。
用抗纹枯病的农家种山红麦与高产优质但高度感病的温麦6号进行杂交，培育了用于抗纹枯病基因定位的重组自交系群体。用152个SSR、AFLP标记构建了该群体的遗传连锁图。平均两个标记的距离为20.7cM，图距3148cM。
采用基于混合线性模型的复合区间作图软件QTLMAPER，分别对(Opata85×W7984)群体的苗期、成株期，(温麦6号×山红麦)群体成株期进行了QTL分析。在前一群体中检测到6个与小麦纹枯病苗期抗病性相关的加性QTL，可以解释64.94％的表型变异。在2个群体中检测出3个成株期抗纹枯病QTL。其中(Opata85×W7984)群体中位于7B染色体上的QTL与苗期抗纹枯病QTL位点一致，对成株期抗性的变异解释达到19.11％。在(温麦6号×山红麦)群体田间和温室环境中各检测到一个抗性QTL位点，分别位于2B、6B染色体上，对表型的变异解释为13.11％、14.34％。抗性效应分别来自感病亲本温麦6号和抗病亲本山红麦。在苗期和成株期的不同群体、不同环境下，都检测到了效应显著的基因互作的QTL影响小麦对纹枯病的抗性，说明上位性是控制小麦对纹枯病抗性的重要遗传因子。
本研究还对(Opata85×W7984)群体进行了抗白粉病QTL分析，共检测到3个
与小麦白粉病抗性相关的加性 QTL位点，可以解释 42．82％的表型变异。其中位
于7D染色体的QTL贡献最大，可解释抗性变异的29．55％，来自粗山羊草的Pmlg
和来自普通小麦的 Pmls均位于该染色体。而位于 3B染色体的 QTL位点与 Pm13
的分子标记 Xcdo460的遗传距离为 10．3cM，这些 QTL位点与己知 Pm基因的关
系有待进一步研究。另有 2对互作基因对表型的解释变异解释为门．99％。
Wheat sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis and wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis are two of the serious diseases in China, which have resulted in great loss of wheat grain yield. To map and localize resistance QTLs associated with both diseases using quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis can contribute to providing theoretical guide to breeding for disease resistance and the basis on which molecular marker-assisted selection can be implemented.
To our knowledge, no QTLs for sharp eyespot resistance have been localised in wheat, and only a few studies have been published so far localised QTLs for residence to powdery mildew.
Therefore, screen resistance germplasm and preliminary analysis of resistance mechanism to Rhizoctonia cerealis were carried out. Genetic linkage map of (Wenmai6xShanhongmai) recombinant inbred lines was constructed using SSR and AFLP markers. Analysis of resistance QTL associated with diseases caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis and Blumeria graminis using population derived from the cross of (Wenmai6xShanhongmai) and (Opata85>
2. The heredility of the cross (Wenmai6x Shanhongmai) and x2 test based on the ?2 frequency of disease index were calculated, it is shown that the resistance to sharp eyespot from landrace Shanhongmai are quantitative trait.
3. The mapping population derived from the cross of (Wenmai6xShanhongmai) was cultured which containing 116 inbred lines. The genetic linkage map of this population was constructed using SSR, AFLP marker.
4. Through mixed-model composite interval mapping, six putative QTLs associated with seedling resistance to Rhizoctonia cerealis were detected in the population of (Opata85xW7984), totally accounted for 49.9% of phenotypic variation. Three
3
putative QTLs associated with adult resistance to Rhizoctonia cerealis were detected in the population of (Opata85*W7984) and (Wenmai6>
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