液压挖掘机卸车工具的设计
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摘要
目前我国散堆装物料常用的卸车设备(方式)有:链斗卸车机、螺旋卸车机、翻车机、自卸车、底开车卸车系统、挖掘机、抓斗卸车机和人工卸车。该文对其优缺点进行一一分析。
针对冬季受冻散堆装物料的卸车,该文对卸车方式:解冻后卸车、人力卸车、采用风镐卸车、采用装载机铲斗加装大钢钎破冻、采用液压挖掘机卸车、在装车站加装防冻液等进行分析,得出了使用挖掘机铲斗卸车是最好的方式这一结论。
为解决我单位狭窄货场的卸车问题,减少车辆在厂内停时费用,该文设计出一种新型卸车工具:螺旋送料器。螺旋是螺旋送料器的主要部件,它的材料、参数不仅决定着输送效率,还很大程度上决定着螺旋送料器的使用寿命。
根据输送量确定螺旋送料器的参数,对螺旋送料器的滑动轴承座进行设计,选择螺旋送料器使用的润滑油。利用微积分和公式法求出该文螺旋送料器的输送效率,输送效率与螺旋的直径、转速和导程成正比。将螺旋送料器的卸车效率与铲斗卸车进行效率比较,得出本次设计的螺旋送料器较铲斗卸车效率高、安全性能高的结论。
该文对螺旋送料器的螺旋材料进行了分析,利用软件Solidworks2006对卸车工具中螺旋送料器的螺旋建模,对螺旋所受载荷进行了分析。用Cosmos软件对物料填充螺旋1/2和填满螺旋两种情况进行应力、应变、位移等方面的分析,得出螺旋外沿位移变形最大、磨损最严重的结论,确定了本设计的螺旋送料器的参数满足正常工矿需求。
该文设计的卸车工具对狭窄货场的散堆状物料卸车有较好地效果,并且,将螺旋送料器的螺旋尺寸做相应调整后,还可用于汽车装的散堆状物料的卸车。
In our country unload bulk materials equipments(way) to have in common use currently: bucket elevator, screw conveyer, car dumper system,dump car,bottom-unload car system, grab-bucket machine. This thesis as to it's the merit and shortcoming carry on analyzing one by one.
Aim at frozen bulk materials to unload a car, this thesis analyses the unloading method: After defrost unload cars, manpower to unload cars, adoption the pneumatic pick unload cars, adoption lading machine spade to add big steel to break, adoption the hydraulic excavation to unload cars, adding defend frozen liquid in station to etc. Draw a conclusion that using the hydraulic is the best way.
In order to resolve my company narrow field problem, reduce car stop expenses, this thesis designs a kind of new unload car tool: screw conveyer. The screw is the main parts of conveyer, its material, parameter not only decide transport efficiency, also the great degree that the service life of screw conveyer.
According to transport of screw conveyer, define it's parameter. Design the glide bearings of the screw conveyer. Choose the lubricating oil that the screws use. Use the calculus and formula to obtain transport efficiency, transporting the diameter, revolve speed, lead. Compare their efficiency, we can get a conclusion that the screw conveyer much efficiency and safer than spade.
This thesis carry analysis on screw conveyer, use the software SOLIDWORKS 2006 to establish model for the screw of conveyer, and analysis the loadings of screw conveyer. Use the software COSMOS to fill to the material spiral 1/2 with filling with spiral two kinds of circumstances to carry on should the dint, contingency, analysis that moves etc., get a conclusion that spiral outside transform biggest, wear most serious, makes sure that this design of unloading tool satisfy the normal work.
The design of unloading tool to bulk materials to unload a car have good result to the narrow goods field, and after adjust the size of screw conveyer, screw conveyer can use for an automobile trunk.
针对冬季受冻散堆装物料的卸车,该文对卸车方式:解冻后卸车、人力卸车、采用风镐卸车、采用装载机铲斗加装大钢钎破冻、采用液压挖掘机卸车、在装车站加装防冻液等进行分析,得出了使用挖掘机铲斗卸车是最好的方式这一结论。
为解决我单位狭窄货场的卸车问题,减少车辆在厂内停时费用,该文设计出一种新型卸车工具:螺旋送料器。螺旋是螺旋送料器的主要部件,它的材料、参数不仅决定着输送效率,还很大程度上决定着螺旋送料器的使用寿命。
根据输送量确定螺旋送料器的参数,对螺旋送料器的滑动轴承座进行设计,选择螺旋送料器使用的润滑油。利用微积分和公式法求出该文螺旋送料器的输送效率,输送效率与螺旋的直径、转速和导程成正比。将螺旋送料器的卸车效率与铲斗卸车进行效率比较,得出本次设计的螺旋送料器较铲斗卸车效率高、安全性能高的结论。
该文对螺旋送料器的螺旋材料进行了分析,利用软件Solidworks2006对卸车工具中螺旋送料器的螺旋建模,对螺旋所受载荷进行了分析。用Cosmos软件对物料填充螺旋1/2和填满螺旋两种情况进行应力、应变、位移等方面的分析,得出螺旋外沿位移变形最大、磨损最严重的结论,确定了本设计的螺旋送料器的参数满足正常工矿需求。
该文设计的卸车工具对狭窄货场的散堆状物料卸车有较好地效果,并且,将螺旋送料器的螺旋尺寸做相应调整后,还可用于汽车装的散堆状物料的卸车。
In our country unload bulk materials equipments(way) to have in common use currently: bucket elevator, screw conveyer, car dumper system,dump car,bottom-unload car system, grab-bucket machine. This thesis as to it's the merit and shortcoming carry on analyzing one by one.
Aim at frozen bulk materials to unload a car, this thesis analyses the unloading method: After defrost unload cars, manpower to unload cars, adoption the pneumatic pick unload cars, adoption lading machine spade to add big steel to break, adoption the hydraulic excavation to unload cars, adding defend frozen liquid in station to etc. Draw a conclusion that using the hydraulic is the best way.
In order to resolve my company narrow field problem, reduce car stop expenses, this thesis designs a kind of new unload car tool: screw conveyer. The screw is the main parts of conveyer, its material, parameter not only decide transport efficiency, also the great degree that the service life of screw conveyer.
According to transport of screw conveyer, define it's parameter. Design the glide bearings of the screw conveyer. Choose the lubricating oil that the screws use. Use the calculus and formula to obtain transport efficiency, transporting the diameter, revolve speed, lead. Compare their efficiency, we can get a conclusion that the screw conveyer much efficiency and safer than spade.
This thesis carry analysis on screw conveyer, use the software SOLIDWORKS 2006 to establish model for the screw of conveyer, and analysis the loadings of screw conveyer. Use the software COSMOS to fill to the material spiral 1/2 with filling with spiral two kinds of circumstances to carry on should the dint, contingency, analysis that moves etc., get a conclusion that spiral outside transform biggest, wear most serious, makes sure that this design of unloading tool satisfy the normal work.
The design of unloading tool to bulk materials to unload a car have good result to the narrow goods field, and after adjust the size of screw conveyer, screw conveyer can use for an automobile trunk.
引文
[1] 国家统计局．《中国统计年鉴2001》．北京：中国统计出版社，2001
[2] Lynn R.Novelli.Addressing Railroad Problems. Scrap. 2005,2(62):95-101
[3] 迈克尔·波特．竞争优势．北京：华夏出版社，2001．6刘
[4] 刘琪彦．铁路在我国运输市场的发展状况．铁路技术创新．2004，1：20-21
[5] 本田早苗，荒井实．装卸机械设计．西南交通大学机械系．3．北京：中国铁道出版社，1982
[6] 杨国先．大型装卸机械．北京：中国铁道出版社，1980
[7] Bonerb Tinothy C.Unloader For Discarding Dry Material From Bulk Bags. US, B65G051/00A, US99416801A.20030529
[8] Pohlig Heckel Bleichert.Unloader For Bulk Material In Which A Chain Bucket Elevator Constitutes the Receiving And Elevating Apparatus.US , B65G037/00A, US3640376DA.19700312
[9] 丁训诗．装卸车机司机．北京：中国铁道出版社，1995
[10] 李保社，郑中伟．喷淋装置在输煤粉尘治理中的应用．华北电力技术．2000，2：35-36
[11] 夏静，张石平．数字化制造技术在卸车机设计中的应用．煤矿机械．2005，7：69-71
[12] 冯颖．大型火力发电厂铁路卸煤方式的选择．四川电力技术．2003，5：29-31
[13] 高志平．双车翻车机的开发设计．水利电力机械．2001，4(23)：23-29
[14] 耿兰生．北方燃煤电厂翻车机室粉尘治理．电力环境保护．2004，3(20)：40-42
[15] 麻士琦，周亮．重型自卸车倾卸机构受理分析．石家庄铁道学院学报．2002，2(15)：48-52
[16] 周志飞．冬季冻结矿粉卸车的工艺探讨．铁道运输与经济．2005，3：51-52
[17] Caldwell John W.Conveyor flight configuration [P].United States Patent: 449967, May22, 1984
[18] 李春生．螺旋卸车机螺旋端部轴承密封方式的改进．起重机械．2002，6：38
[19] 陈蕴娉．卧式螺旋沉降离心机的螺旋输送器[J]．化工装备技术，15(2)：20-27
[20] 北京有色冶金设计研究总院．机械设计手册．4．北京：化学工业出版社，2002
[21] 邱宣怀主编．机械设计．4．北京：高等教育出版社，1997
[22] 廖念钊．互换性与技术测量．3．北京：中国计量出版社，1991
[23] 郑志峰主编．链传动设计与应用手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[24] 王先会．新编润滑油品选用手册．北京：机械工业出版社，2004
[25] 董俊华．卧式螺旋离心机的转鼓与螺旋输送器的有限元分析．北京化工大学硕士．2004：31．45
[26] 王增刚．基于最小极限推程的螺旋输送与传动的设计．河北科技大学学报．2000，3(21)：28-32
[27] 张旭梅．散状物料流动态计量系统的研究．重庆大学学报(自然科学版)．2000，20(5)，83-88
[28] 黄秋波，高兴岐，曾好平．新型卧式螺旋卸料沉降离心机的设计与分析．流体机械．1999，7：23-26
[29] Leung Woon-Fong.Decanter centrifuge and associated method for producing cake with reduced moisture content and high through [P].United States Patent: 5695442, Dec9, 1997
[30] 罗守靖．锥辊辗轧理论研究的进展．钢铁研究学报．1994，3(6)：89-96
[31] 王勖成，绍敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[32] 徐荣璋，刘晓毅．曲面展开方法的发展现状．模具技术，2002
[33] 康小明，马泽恩，林兰芬．不可展开曲面近似展开的四边形网格等面积法．西北工业大学学报．1998，16(3)：327-332
[34] 陈动人，王国瑾．基于伪直母线的复杂曲面自适应分片与展开．软件学报．2003
[35] 王俊彪，张贤杰．基于单元等变形的复杂曲面展开算法．研究机械科学与技术．2004
[36] Phillip N, Azariadis, A .Aspragathos, Nikos A. On using planar developments to perform texture mapping on arbitrarily curved surfaces. Computers and Graphics .2000, 24(4):539-554
[37] Azariadis, Aspragathos. Geodesic curvature preservation in surface flattening through constrained global optimization. Computer-Aided Design.2000, 6:581-591
[38] Yu, Guoxin, Patrikalakis, Nicholas M. Optimal development of doubly curved surfaces. Computer Aided Geometric Design.2000, 6:45-577
[39] 兰箭，董湘怀，李志刚．用有限元算法计算板料成形毛坯形状和应变分布．塑性工程学报．2001，8(2)：60-62
[40] 兰箭，董湘怀，李志刚．有限元逆算法与板料成形工艺评价．中国机械工程．2002，13(10)：826-829
[41] 张其林，张莉．任意空间曲面近似展开成平面的增量有限元算法．计算力学学报．2001
[42] Zhang Qi-Lin, Luo Xiao-Qun. Finite element method for developing arbitrary surfaces to flattened forms. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2003,39(10):977-984
[43] 王弘，王昌凌．基于能量模型的曲面展开通用算法．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．2001
[44] Wang Charlie, Smith Shana S-F, Yuen Matthew M.F. Surface flattening based on energy model. Computer-Aided Design. 2002, 34(11): 823-833
[45] 席平．三维曲面的几何展开．计算机学报．1997，20(4)：315-322
[46] 席平，张衍，熊韵斌，魏广宽．不规则压延件展开毛料的几何算法．工程图学学报．1998，3：94-100
[47] Shapiro. Hard surfacing for a centrifuge conveyor [P].United States Patent, 4328925, May11, 1982
[48] 顾威．卧式螺旋沉降离心机的螺旋强度和振动分析．北京化工大学硕士．2002：11．19
[49] 孙启才，金鼎五．离心机原理机构与设计计算．北京：机械工业出版社，1987
[50] 袁夫彩．WL-600卧螺离心机的优化设计．应用科技．2000．27(5)：5-6
[2] Lynn R.Novelli.Addressing Railroad Problems. Scrap. 2005,2(62):95-101
[3] 迈克尔·波特．竞争优势．北京：华夏出版社，2001．6刘
[4] 刘琪彦．铁路在我国运输市场的发展状况．铁路技术创新．2004，1：20-21
[5] 本田早苗，荒井实．装卸机械设计．西南交通大学机械系．3．北京：中国铁道出版社，1982
[6] 杨国先．大型装卸机械．北京：中国铁道出版社，1980
[7] Bonerb Tinothy C.Unloader For Discarding Dry Material From Bulk Bags. US, B65G051/00A, US99416801A.20030529
[8] Pohlig Heckel Bleichert.Unloader For Bulk Material In Which A Chain Bucket Elevator Constitutes the Receiving And Elevating Apparatus.US , B65G037/00A, US3640376DA.19700312
[9] 丁训诗．装卸车机司机．北京：中国铁道出版社，1995
[10] 李保社，郑中伟．喷淋装置在输煤粉尘治理中的应用．华北电力技术．2000，2：35-36
[11] 夏静，张石平．数字化制造技术在卸车机设计中的应用．煤矿机械．2005，7：69-71
[12] 冯颖．大型火力发电厂铁路卸煤方式的选择．四川电力技术．2003，5：29-31
[13] 高志平．双车翻车机的开发设计．水利电力机械．2001，4(23)：23-29
[14] 耿兰生．北方燃煤电厂翻车机室粉尘治理．电力环境保护．2004，3(20)：40-42
[15] 麻士琦，周亮．重型自卸车倾卸机构受理分析．石家庄铁道学院学报．2002，2(15)：48-52
[16] 周志飞．冬季冻结矿粉卸车的工艺探讨．铁道运输与经济．2005，3：51-52
[17] Caldwell John W.Conveyor flight configuration [P].United States Patent: 449967, May22, 1984
[18] 李春生．螺旋卸车机螺旋端部轴承密封方式的改进．起重机械．2002，6：38
[19] 陈蕴娉．卧式螺旋沉降离心机的螺旋输送器[J]．化工装备技术，15(2)：20-27
[20] 北京有色冶金设计研究总院．机械设计手册．4．北京：化学工业出版社，2002
[21] 邱宣怀主编．机械设计．4．北京：高等教育出版社，1997
[22] 廖念钊．互换性与技术测量．3．北京：中国计量出版社，1991
[23] 郑志峰主编．链传动设计与应用手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[24] 王先会．新编润滑油品选用手册．北京：机械工业出版社，2004
[25] 董俊华．卧式螺旋离心机的转鼓与螺旋输送器的有限元分析．北京化工大学硕士．2004：31．45
[26] 王增刚．基于最小极限推程的螺旋输送与传动的设计．河北科技大学学报．2000，3(21)：28-32
[27] 张旭梅．散状物料流动态计量系统的研究．重庆大学学报(自然科学版)．2000，20(5)，83-88
[28] 黄秋波，高兴岐，曾好平．新型卧式螺旋卸料沉降离心机的设计与分析．流体机械．1999，7：23-26
[29] Leung Woon-Fong.Decanter centrifuge and associated method for producing cake with reduced moisture content and high through [P].United States Patent: 5695442, Dec9, 1997
[30] 罗守靖．锥辊辗轧理论研究的进展．钢铁研究学报．1994，3(6)：89-96
[31] 王勖成，绍敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[32] 徐荣璋，刘晓毅．曲面展开方法的发展现状．模具技术，2002
[33] 康小明，马泽恩，林兰芬．不可展开曲面近似展开的四边形网格等面积法．西北工业大学学报．1998，16(3)：327-332
[34] 陈动人，王国瑾．基于伪直母线的复杂曲面自适应分片与展开．软件学报．2003
[35] 王俊彪，张贤杰．基于单元等变形的复杂曲面展开算法．研究机械科学与技术．2004
[36] Phillip N, Azariadis, A .Aspragathos, Nikos A. On using planar developments to perform texture mapping on arbitrarily curved surfaces. Computers and Graphics .2000, 24(4):539-554
[37] Azariadis, Aspragathos. Geodesic curvature preservation in surface flattening through constrained global optimization. Computer-Aided Design.2000, 6:581-591
[38] Yu, Guoxin, Patrikalakis, Nicholas M. Optimal development of doubly curved surfaces. Computer Aided Geometric Design.2000, 6:45-577
[39] 兰箭，董湘怀，李志刚．用有限元算法计算板料成形毛坯形状和应变分布．塑性工程学报．2001，8(2)：60-62
[40] 兰箭，董湘怀，李志刚．有限元逆算法与板料成形工艺评价．中国机械工程．2002，13(10)：826-829
[41] 张其林，张莉．任意空间曲面近似展开成平面的增量有限元算法．计算力学学报．2001
[42] Zhang Qi-Lin, Luo Xiao-Qun. Finite element method for developing arbitrary surfaces to flattened forms. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2003,39(10):977-984
[43] 王弘，王昌凌．基于能量模型的曲面展开通用算法．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．2001
[44] Wang Charlie, Smith Shana S-F, Yuen Matthew M.F. Surface flattening based on energy model. Computer-Aided Design. 2002, 34(11): 823-833
[45] 席平．三维曲面的几何展开．计算机学报．1997，20(4)：315-322
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