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商用车AMT控制策略及试验研究
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摘要
电控机械式自动变速器(AMT-Automated Mechanical Transmission)是目前世界上广泛应用的自动变速器种类之一,它来源于传统手动机械式变速器,具有传动效率高、结构简单、成本低、性价比较高以及适合多种车型的优点,在商用车行业具有广阔的市场和良好的产业化前景。本文结合中国第一汽车股份有限公司技术中心的重点项目“商用车AMT”,对商用车AMT的执行机构选择、自动离合器控制、AMT换档规律等方面进行了深入研究,并在样车上验证了研究成果。
     本文主要工作内容如下:
     1对本文所研究商用车AMT的离合器执行机构和选换档执行机构的具体结构和工作原理进行了阐述,运用高级建模仿真软件SimulationX对商用车AMT系统进行了模型搭建,并与试验数据进行了对比验证,结果证明此模型准确,可为执行机构的结构优化设计提供指导。
     2重点研究商用车AMT起步换档阶段的离合器分离接合过程。商用车AMT起步阶段采用离合器位置闭环控制的方式,离合器目标位置设定点由加速踏板位置与发动机转速降两个因素所决定;换档阶段设计了以发动机扭矩作为主要参考状态的离合器开环控制方法。此外在离合器自动控制技术中还研究了几个重要因素:离合器半接合点的监测、离合器位置自调整和离合器的过载保护问题。
     3根据车辆状态、道路状况和驾驶员意图等因素制定了AMT最佳换档规律。首先采用加速度法制定出商用车AMT动力性换档规律,采用燃油消耗率为依据制定出经济性换档规律。在此基础上,综合考虑驾驶意图、车辆状态和道路环境等多方面的影响,采用纵向加速度传感器法估计道路坡度,应用汽车行驶方程式与实车采得的动态信号来估算整车质量,从而修正出能够适应多种工况的商用车AMT换档规律。最后运用高级仿真分析软件CRUISE搭建了商用车AMT整车模型,运用其GSP功能对经济性换档规律进行了优化改进,使其能够平衡经济性与排放性的需求。
     4采用样机和实车试验方法验证AMT控制策略。首先通过离合器执行机构与选换档执行机构的台架试验验证了执行机构的可靠性;然后在AMT整车控制性能道路试验中分别进行了不同油门开度下的起步试验、起停试验、水平路面爬行与换档试验,充分验证了离合器自动控制策略与自动换档规律的可行性与可靠性。试验结果表明,所研发的商用车AMT系统的控制策略达到了较为满意的效果。
Automated Mechanical Transmission(AMT)is improved based on the traditional andmanual mechanical transmission and is one of the most widely used automated transmissions,which is characterized by high transmission efficiency, simple construction, low cost andhigh cost performance. Besides, it fits most vehicles and is suitable for the developmentstatus of commercial vehicle industry with good prospect of industrialization and broadmarket. In this thesis, combining with the major project of “AMT of commercial vehicle” ofthe technical center of FAW, in-depth research is made on actuator selection、automaticclutch control and gear shift schedule of AMT of commercial vehicle, and verify the researchresults in the car.
     In this paper, the main contents are as follows:
     1The concrete structure and operating principle of the actuating mechanism of clutchand that for selecting and shifting of AMT of Commercial Vehicle are expositioned,simulation software of SimulationX is applied to construct the simulation model for AMTsystem of Commercial Vehicle. Then the simulation results and bed test results arecontrasted, which demonstrates that this model is accuracy and can provide guidance to thestructure optimization design of actuating mechanism.
     2Focus on commercial vehicles AMT starting and shifting stage of the clutchengagement process. Closed-loop control of the clutch position is applied at the startingstage of Commercial Vehicle AMT and the set point of the object position of clutch isdetermined by accelerator pedal position and engine speed-drop; Clutch open-loop controlleris applied at the shifting stage and reference variable is the engine torque. Furthermore, thereare several important factors for the automatic control technology of clutch that need to beanalyzed; they are the monitoring of clutch half joint, self-regulation of clutch position andover-load protection of clutch.
     3The optimum gear stage is determined according to vehicle state, road status andintention of the driver. Firstly, acceleration approach is applied to design the dynamic gearshift schedule of AMT of commercial vehicle and then fuel consumption is taken as the basisto design the economic gear shift schedule. After that, considering the influences of drivingintention, vehicle state and road status, longitudinal acceleration transducer method isapplied to estimate the road grade and the driving equation and the dynamic signal acquiredby the real vehicle are applied to estimate the weight with full equipments to determine thegear shift schedule of AMT of commercial vehicle that adapts to various working conditions.Finally, high-level simulation analysis software of CRUISE is utilized to build the model ofAMT of commercial vehicle, economy shift schedule have been optimized to improve use ofits GSP, so as to enable them to balance the needs of the economy and emissions.
     4Proyotypes and real vehicle test method validation AMT control strategy. Firstthrough clutch actuator and select/shift actuator bench test to verify the reliability. Duringthe following AMT vehicle control performance tests, starting test, start-stop test, and testfor creep on the level road and shifting test under different accelerograph openings areconducted, validating the feasibility and reliability of control strategy of clutch andautomatic gear shift schedule. The test results show that the control strategy of the AMTsystem of commercial vehicle is satisfactory.
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