CQS-550型道碴全断面清筛机车架的结构及模态分析
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摘要
车架的结构及模态分析是车辆设计研究领域里重要的课题之一。车架结构的合理性直接影响着整车的性能。伴随着计算机科学技术的飞速发展,利用有限元方法进行数值模拟,越来越成为车架结构设计的重要手段。通过数值模拟可以全面地了解车架在不同工况下的应力、应变分布及振动特性,给设计者提供结构设计的科学依据,并提高设计质量,降低设计周期和设计成本。
CQS-550型道碴全断面清筛机是由昆明中铁集团公司设计的大型养路机械。该机可在不拆除轨排的情况下,将轨排下的道碴挖出并筛分,筛出的污土抛到该机前方线路的两侧或物料运输车内,清洁道碴可直接回填到道心内和挖掘链后的钢轨两侧道床内。该机还设有新碴回填装置,在物料运输车的配合下,可更换板结和翻浆冒泥地段的全部道碴。
本文主要进行CQS-550型道碴全断面清筛机车架的结构及模态分析研究,结合生产实际应用中企业面临的结构和模态问题,对其进行深入的理论研究,具有重要的意义。以有限元为基础,结合现代计算机技术,利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立四面体和六面体两种单元相结合的车架有限元模型。在此模型基础上施加受力和边界约束,对该车架进行了静态分析和模态分析计算。对于静态特性,计算出了车架在静态工况下应力和位移的分布情况,找出了应力集中最大的部位为连接两后纵梁的下横向支承薄板,最大应力值为55.8Mpa,并提出改进意见。对于动态特性,以降低车架的振动和使该车架的结构更为合理为目的,在模态分析的理论基础上,对车架进行了自由约束下的模态分析,得出车架的前十六阶固有频率和固有振型。通过分析它们的振型,找出了车架在动态激励下可能出现的三处薄弱环节,对车架进行性能分析评价,并提出了控制车架振动的一般方法。整个车架满足要求强度,各阶固有振型比较平滑,在结构设计上比较合理。
本论文的研究结果为CQS-550型道碴全断面清筛机进一步开展理论研究工作奠定了一定的基础,为后续产品的设计和改进提供参考,具有一定的参考和工程应用价值。
The structural and modal analysis of vehicle frames is one of the important topics in the field of automotive design and research. The rationality of a vehicle frame directly plays an important part in giving entire vehicle performance. With the rapid development of computer science and technology, numerical simulation by means of the finite element has become a more and more important method in the structural design of vehicle frames. Through the numerical simulation, vehicle frame's distribution of stress and strain and vibration characteristics under various working conditions can be understood roundly, which provides a scientific basis for a designer's structural design, improves the design quality and reduces the design cycle and cost.
The CQS-550 full section ballast cleaning machine is a kind of large railway maintenance machinery designed by china railway large maintenance machinery co. Kunming. Under the condition of without dismantling track arrangement, the machine moves excavation chain and digs out ballast from under track arrangement and screen. The screened dirty ballast delivers to both of side railway line or material transport wagon. The machine has new ballast recollect unit. By help of material transport wagon, it changes all ballast for hard and frost boil areas.
This article mainly carries on the frame's structural and modal analysis of the CQS-550 full section ballast cleaning machine, which the enterprise faces in the progress of practical production and application. So it is very significant to conduct the in-depth research. This article takes the finite element as the foundation, combined with modern computer technology. The finite element model of the vehicle frame is established by means of the large FEM analysis software ANSYS, in which tetrahedron and hexahedron are used. Based on this model, the static and modal analysis is carried out. For static characteristics, the distribution of stress and displacement under the static working condition is worked out. The position of the biggest stress concentration is found, which is on the lateral support plate connecting two carlings. The biggest stress value is 55.8Mpa. The comments for further improvements are given. For dynamic characteristics, in order to reduce the frame vibration and make the structure more reasonable, modal analysis under free restraint of the vehicle frame is taken and frame's first 16 step natural frequencies and inherent modes of vibration are obtained. Through the analysis of their natural frequencies and modes, three weak positions are found, which possibly appear under dynamic drives, and the appraisal of its performance is put forward. It also proposes general control methods of the frame vibration. The vehicle frame meets the requirement of intensity and various modes of vibration are smooth, so the structural design of the vehicle frame is quite rational.
The findings of this paper not only lay certain foundation for further fundamental theory research, essential information and conditions for a designer's structural improvement, but also have some value of the reference and project application.
CQS-550型道碴全断面清筛机是由昆明中铁集团公司设计的大型养路机械。该机可在不拆除轨排的情况下,将轨排下的道碴挖出并筛分,筛出的污土抛到该机前方线路的两侧或物料运输车内,清洁道碴可直接回填到道心内和挖掘链后的钢轨两侧道床内。该机还设有新碴回填装置,在物料运输车的配合下,可更换板结和翻浆冒泥地段的全部道碴。
本文主要进行CQS-550型道碴全断面清筛机车架的结构及模态分析研究,结合生产实际应用中企业面临的结构和模态问题,对其进行深入的理论研究,具有重要的意义。以有限元为基础,结合现代计算机技术,利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立四面体和六面体两种单元相结合的车架有限元模型。在此模型基础上施加受力和边界约束,对该车架进行了静态分析和模态分析计算。对于静态特性,计算出了车架在静态工况下应力和位移的分布情况,找出了应力集中最大的部位为连接两后纵梁的下横向支承薄板,最大应力值为55.8Mpa,并提出改进意见。对于动态特性,以降低车架的振动和使该车架的结构更为合理为目的,在模态分析的理论基础上,对车架进行了自由约束下的模态分析,得出车架的前十六阶固有频率和固有振型。通过分析它们的振型,找出了车架在动态激励下可能出现的三处薄弱环节,对车架进行性能分析评价,并提出了控制车架振动的一般方法。整个车架满足要求强度,各阶固有振型比较平滑,在结构设计上比较合理。
本论文的研究结果为CQS-550型道碴全断面清筛机进一步开展理论研究工作奠定了一定的基础,为后续产品的设计和改进提供参考,具有一定的参考和工程应用价值。
The structural and modal analysis of vehicle frames is one of the important topics in the field of automotive design and research. The rationality of a vehicle frame directly plays an important part in giving entire vehicle performance. With the rapid development of computer science and technology, numerical simulation by means of the finite element has become a more and more important method in the structural design of vehicle frames. Through the numerical simulation, vehicle frame's distribution of stress and strain and vibration characteristics under various working conditions can be understood roundly, which provides a scientific basis for a designer's structural design, improves the design quality and reduces the design cycle and cost.
The CQS-550 full section ballast cleaning machine is a kind of large railway maintenance machinery designed by china railway large maintenance machinery co. Kunming. Under the condition of without dismantling track arrangement, the machine moves excavation chain and digs out ballast from under track arrangement and screen. The screened dirty ballast delivers to both of side railway line or material transport wagon. The machine has new ballast recollect unit. By help of material transport wagon, it changes all ballast for hard and frost boil areas.
This article mainly carries on the frame's structural and modal analysis of the CQS-550 full section ballast cleaning machine, which the enterprise faces in the progress of practical production and application. So it is very significant to conduct the in-depth research. This article takes the finite element as the foundation, combined with modern computer technology. The finite element model of the vehicle frame is established by means of the large FEM analysis software ANSYS, in which tetrahedron and hexahedron are used. Based on this model, the static and modal analysis is carried out. For static characteristics, the distribution of stress and displacement under the static working condition is worked out. The position of the biggest stress concentration is found, which is on the lateral support plate connecting two carlings. The biggest stress value is 55.8Mpa. The comments for further improvements are given. For dynamic characteristics, in order to reduce the frame vibration and make the structure more reasonable, modal analysis under free restraint of the vehicle frame is taken and frame's first 16 step natural frequencies and inherent modes of vibration are obtained. Through the analysis of their natural frequencies and modes, three weak positions are found, which possibly appear under dynamic drives, and the appraisal of its performance is put forward. It also proposes general control methods of the frame vibration. The vehicle frame meets the requirement of intensity and various modes of vibration are smooth, so the structural design of the vehicle frame is quite rational.
The findings of this paper not only lay certain foundation for further fundamental theory research, essential information and conditions for a designer's structural improvement, but also have some value of the reference and project application.
引文
[1]严隽耄,车辆工程.第二版.北京:中国铁道出版社,2005
[2]Resh,W.F.Computer aided engineering in mechanical design[J].International Journal of Vehicle Design,2000,(23):30-37
[3]A.P.Kovacs.Computational vibration analysis of vehicle shimmy by a power-work method[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,1998,(29):1123-1145
[4]孙启会,有限元法在汽车车架分析中的应用,微机应用,2001.5
[5]黎西亚,李成网,车架有限元分析技术发展[J],专用汽车,2001,(16):36-39
[6]H.J.Beermann.The analysis of commercial vehicle structures:Mechanical Engineering Publication Limited,London,1989
[7]Robert J.Melosh.Finite element analysis of automobile structures,1994
[8]Jasujia S.c,Kosik R.C.Application of CAE analyses for improved NVH performance.SAE Transaction,1992
[9]Bajkowski J,Hac M.Application FEM in modeling rigid and flexible systems with joint clearances[J].Shock and Vibration Digest,2000,32(1):63
[lO]Tsuei Y.g,Day C.C.Modal analysis for finite element updating[J].Proceeding of the International Modal Analysis Conference-IMAC,1998,(2):410-423
[11]Moller N,Gade S.Operational modal analysis on an exhaust system[J].Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical,Engineering,2002,47(53):99-103
[12]Chandrupatla,Belegundu.An introduction to finite element in engineering prentice hall,1991
[13]王助成,邵敏,有限元单元法基本原理和数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[14]黄国权,有限元法基础.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[15]徐芝伦,弹性力学简明教程.第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2005.4
[16]钱伟长,变分法及有限元.北京:科学出版社,1980.8
[17]老大中,变分法基础.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[18]李哲岩,张永曙,变分法及其应用.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1989.8
[19]程嘉佩,材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,1982
[20]Lu L.K.H.Vibration analysis design by the combined FEA/SEA approach [J].American Society of Mechanical Engineer,1989,(18):343-347
[21]Seki kenichi,Okumoto Yasuhisa.Analysis of light-duty truck vibration using FEM[J].SAE Technical Paper Series,1995,15(11):185-191
[22]傅志方,振动模态分析与参数辨识.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[23]王文亮,杜作润,结构振动与动态子结构方法.上海:复旦大学出版社,1985.8
[24]杜平安,甘娥忠,于亚婷,有限元法-原理、建模及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[25]M.M.Kamal,J.A.Wolf.Finite element models for automotive vehicle vibration [J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1987,(4):67-92
[26]J.C.Cuillie,R.Maranzana.Automatic and a prior refinement of three dimensional meshes based on feature recognition[J].Techniques Advance in Engineering Software,1999,(30):572-583
[27]黄士振,有限元法.南京:南京理工大学,1994
[28]刘北辰,工程计算力学理论与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[29]刘涛,杨凤鹏,精通ANSYS.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[30]张胜民,基于有限元软件ANSYS的结构分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.12
[31]刘鸿文,材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[32]Chae SW,Bathe KJ.On automatic mesh construction and mesh refinement in finite element analysis[J].Computer Science,1993,(32):352-355
[33]Evgeni B.rudnyi,Jan G.Korvink.Model order reduction for large scale engineering models developed in ANSYS lecture notes.Computer Science,2006,(37):349-358
[34]黄天泽,汽车车身结构与设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[35]H.J.Beermann.Static analysis of commercial vehicle frames:a hybrid-finite 92 element and analytical method[J].Vehicle Design,1990,(5):26-52
[36]西南交通大学主编,车辆构造.北京:中国铁道出版社,1980
[37]Srinivas Kodiyalam,Jaroslaw Sobieszczanski.Multidisciplinary design optimization-some formal methods,framework,requirements and application to vehicle design[J].Vehicle Design,2001,(3):49-67
[38]历辉,李万琼,货车车架的等效荷载简化[J],汽车工程,1994,(5):34-57
[39]杨宇光,胡铭,客车车架结构强度计算分析[J],长春光学精密机械学报,1998,6(21):41-42
[40]董振国.半挂牵引车车架有限元强度分析:[硕士学位论文].山东:青岛大学,2005.5
[41]刘胜乾.军用某型牵引车车架静动态有限元分析:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2006.2
[42]吴利军,冯国胜,徐新明,客车车身及车架的静动特性分析[J],石家庄铁道学院学报,2003,(3):51-53
[43]尹辉俊.重型自卸车车架的有限元分析及其早期断裂原因分析:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学出版,2006.10
[4]Zeng D.H.Modal analysis technique system and application for miniature structures[J].Proceeding of the International Modal Analysis Conference -IMAC,1997,(2):1731-1738
[45]何渝生,魏克严,洪宗林等,汽车振动学.北京:人民交通出版社,1990
[46]许本文,焦群英,机械振动与模态分析基础.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[47]杨为,邱清盈,胡建军,机械结构的理论模态分析方法[J],重庆大学学报,2004,(6):42-45
[48]曹树谦,张文德,萧龙翔,振动结构模态分析理论分析与应用.天津:天津大学出版社,2001
[49]诸德超,王寿梅,结构分析中的有限单元法.北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[50]周中坚,卢耀祖.机械与汽车结构的有限元分析.上海:同济大学出版社,1997
[51]师汉明,机械振动系统-分析测试建模.第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005.3
[52]清华大学工程力学系振动组编,机械振动.北京:机械工业出版社,1980
[2]Resh,W.F.Computer aided engineering in mechanical design[J].International Journal of Vehicle Design,2000,(23):30-37
[3]A.P.Kovacs.Computational vibration analysis of vehicle shimmy by a power-work method[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,1998,(29):1123-1145
[4]孙启会,有限元法在汽车车架分析中的应用,微机应用,2001.5
[5]黎西亚,李成网,车架有限元分析技术发展[J],专用汽车,2001,(16):36-39
[6]H.J.Beermann.The analysis of commercial vehicle structures:Mechanical Engineering Publication Limited,London,1989
[7]Robert J.Melosh.Finite element analysis of automobile structures,1994
[8]Jasujia S.c,Kosik R.C.Application of CAE analyses for improved NVH performance.SAE Transaction,1992
[9]Bajkowski J,Hac M.Application FEM in modeling rigid and flexible systems with joint clearances[J].Shock and Vibration Digest,2000,32(1):63
[lO]Tsuei Y.g,Day C.C.Modal analysis for finite element updating[J].Proceeding of the International Modal Analysis Conference-IMAC,1998,(2):410-423
[11]Moller N,Gade S.Operational modal analysis on an exhaust system[J].Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical,Engineering,2002,47(53):99-103
[12]Chandrupatla,Belegundu.An introduction to finite element in engineering prentice hall,1991
[13]王助成,邵敏,有限元单元法基本原理和数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[14]黄国权,有限元法基础.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[15]徐芝伦,弹性力学简明教程.第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2005.4
[16]钱伟长,变分法及有限元.北京:科学出版社,1980.8
[17]老大中,变分法基础.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[18]李哲岩,张永曙,变分法及其应用.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1989.8
[19]程嘉佩,材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,1982
[20]Lu L.K.H.Vibration analysis design by the combined FEA/SEA approach [J].American Society of Mechanical Engineer,1989,(18):343-347
[21]Seki kenichi,Okumoto Yasuhisa.Analysis of light-duty truck vibration using FEM[J].SAE Technical Paper Series,1995,15(11):185-191
[22]傅志方,振动模态分析与参数辨识.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[23]王文亮,杜作润,结构振动与动态子结构方法.上海:复旦大学出版社,1985.8
[24]杜平安,甘娥忠,于亚婷,有限元法-原理、建模及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[25]M.M.Kamal,J.A.Wolf.Finite element models for automotive vehicle vibration [J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1987,(4):67-92
[26]J.C.Cuillie,R.Maranzana.Automatic and a prior refinement of three dimensional meshes based on feature recognition[J].Techniques Advance in Engineering Software,1999,(30):572-583
[27]黄士振,有限元法.南京:南京理工大学,1994
[28]刘北辰,工程计算力学理论与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[29]刘涛,杨凤鹏,精通ANSYS.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[30]张胜民,基于有限元软件ANSYS的结构分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.12
[31]刘鸿文,材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[32]Chae SW,Bathe KJ.On automatic mesh construction and mesh refinement in finite element analysis[J].Computer Science,1993,(32):352-355
[33]Evgeni B.rudnyi,Jan G.Korvink.Model order reduction for large scale engineering models developed in ANSYS lecture notes.Computer Science,2006,(37):349-358
[34]黄天泽,汽车车身结构与设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[35]H.J.Beermann.Static analysis of commercial vehicle frames:a hybrid-finite 92 element and analytical method[J].Vehicle Design,1990,(5):26-52
[36]西南交通大学主编,车辆构造.北京:中国铁道出版社,1980
[37]Srinivas Kodiyalam,Jaroslaw Sobieszczanski.Multidisciplinary design optimization-some formal methods,framework,requirements and application to vehicle design[J].Vehicle Design,2001,(3):49-67
[38]历辉,李万琼,货车车架的等效荷载简化[J],汽车工程,1994,(5):34-57
[39]杨宇光,胡铭,客车车架结构强度计算分析[J],长春光学精密机械学报,1998,6(21):41-42
[40]董振国.半挂牵引车车架有限元强度分析:[硕士学位论文].山东:青岛大学,2005.5
[41]刘胜乾.军用某型牵引车车架静动态有限元分析:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2006.2
[42]吴利军,冯国胜,徐新明,客车车身及车架的静动特性分析[J],石家庄铁道学院学报,2003,(3):51-53
[43]尹辉俊.重型自卸车车架的有限元分析及其早期断裂原因分析:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学出版,2006.10
[4]Zeng D.H.Modal analysis technique system and application for miniature structures[J].Proceeding of the International Modal Analysis Conference -IMAC,1997,(2):1731-1738
[45]何渝生,魏克严,洪宗林等,汽车振动学.北京:人民交通出版社,1990
[46]许本文,焦群英,机械振动与模态分析基础.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[47]杨为,邱清盈,胡建军,机械结构的理论模态分析方法[J],重庆大学学报,2004,(6):42-45
[48]曹树谦,张文德,萧龙翔,振动结构模态分析理论分析与应用.天津:天津大学出版社,2001
[49]诸德超,王寿梅,结构分析中的有限单元法.北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[50]周中坚,卢耀祖.机械与汽车结构的有限元分析.上海:同济大学出版社,1997
[51]师汉明,机械振动系统-分析测试建模.第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005.3
[52]清华大学工程力学系振动组编,机械振动.北京:机械工业出版社,1980