铁路下条带开采及其应用技术研究
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摘要
本文研究了地下煤层开采与地表移动和变形的关系,分析了地表移动和变形对铁路线的影响。根据湖南省新生煤矿伍家冲矿井24采区的地质、采矿条件,对铁路下各种可行的采煤方法进行了分析,提出了三个条带开采方案,并利用FLAC数值模拟软件对地表移动和变形的各个数据进行了模拟计算。本文对锚杆加固的煤柱的稳定性进行了模拟分析,模拟的结果表明:如果对煤柱进行加固,不仅可以增强煤柱的强度,而且可以提高煤炭回采率,减少煤炭损失。针对常规开采在地面堆积矸石山的同时引起开采沉陷并严重危害环境的问题,提出了一条矸石不出井直接充填井下的洁净开采新途径。矸石井下充填可以消除矸石山,实现矿山绿色开采。本文对采出率在55.5%,矸石充填率分别为50%、70%、90%、95%四种情况进行了模拟,模拟的结果表明,矸石充填可以减少开采沉陷,具有显著的环境效益、经济效益、社会效益,有利于煤矿可持续发展。随着充填率的提高,地表极大下沉值大幅度减小,并且各种变形值也显著减小。可见,如能提高充填率,将对减小地面沉降、变形产生积极作用。文中所得到的一些结论和数值模拟所得的结果,对类似的矿山有一定的指导意义,为工程实践提供一定的理论依据。通过模拟计算可知,数值模拟的结果可以用于工程计算;模拟软件使得计算方便,结果精度也较高。
The relation between mining and surface movement and deformation is studied, and also the effect of surface movement and deformation on the railway is analyzed in this paper. According to the geological and the mining conditions of 24 mine area in Wujiachong mine of Xinsheng colliery in Hunan province, all kinds of feasible mining methods are analyzed, then three projects of strip skip-mining under railway are proposed, and the data of surface movement and deformation are calculated by the FLAC simulation software. The stability of coal pillars reinforced by anchors are simulated and analyzed in this paper, the results of simulation show that if coal pillars reinforced, it can not only increase the intensity of coal pillars, but also reduce the losses of coal resource. Aiming at the problems that general mining will accumulate gangue dump on the ground, bring mining subsidence and do harm to environment synchronously, a new clear mining approach that gangue does not ascend from the shaft and fills it directly is proposed. The gangue filling shaft may eliminate the gangue dump and can realize green mining. Four instances are simulated in the paper when the gangue filling ratio is 50%, 70%, 90% and 95% respectively under the mining rate of 55.5%. The simulation results show that the gangue filling may reduce mining subsidence, has the remarkable environmental benefit, the economic efficiency and the social efficiency, also it is in favor of the sustainable development of the mining. With the increasing filling rate, surface subsidence decreases sharply, and various deformation reduces significantly. This shows that it will have a positive effect on reducing surface subsidence and deformation if increasing the filling rate. Some conclusions and numerical simulation results obtained in this paper have certain guidance significance to the similarity collieries and may provide some theoretical bases for engineering practice. The simulation results may be utilized in engineering calculation through simulation calculating, also its process is convenient and the precision of results is higher by using simulation software.
The relation between mining and surface movement and deformation is studied, and also the effect of surface movement and deformation on the railway is analyzed in this paper. According to the geological and the mining conditions of 24 mine area in Wujiachong mine of Xinsheng colliery in Hunan province, all kinds of feasible mining methods are analyzed, then three projects of strip skip-mining under railway are proposed, and the data of surface movement and deformation are calculated by the FLAC simulation software. The stability of coal pillars reinforced by anchors are simulated and analyzed in this paper, the results of simulation show that if coal pillars reinforced, it can not only increase the intensity of coal pillars, but also reduce the losses of coal resource. Aiming at the problems that general mining will accumulate gangue dump on the ground, bring mining subsidence and do harm to environment synchronously, a new clear mining approach that gangue does not ascend from the shaft and fills it directly is proposed. The gangue filling shaft may eliminate the gangue dump and can realize green mining. Four instances are simulated in the paper when the gangue filling ratio is 50%, 70%, 90% and 95% respectively under the mining rate of 55.5%. The simulation results show that the gangue filling may reduce mining subsidence, has the remarkable environmental benefit, the economic efficiency and the social efficiency, also it is in favor of the sustainable development of the mining. With the increasing filling rate, surface subsidence decreases sharply, and various deformation reduces significantly. This shows that it will have a positive effect on reducing surface subsidence and deformation if increasing the filling rate. Some conclusions and numerical simulation results obtained in this paper have certain guidance significance to the similarity collieries and may provide some theoretical bases for engineering practice. The simulation results may be utilized in engineering calculation through simulation calculating, also its process is convenient and the precision of results is higher by using simulation software.
引文
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