不稳定煤层地表移动变形预测方法研究
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摘要
本文采用理论分析、现场观测分析和数值模拟计算相结合的技术路线,进行了不稳定煤层的真实煤层产状精确预计,讨论了该条件下条带开采引起的地表沉陷问题。通过永华能源有限公司一矿雷坡村建筑物下条带开采工作面的现场观测分析,揭示了该矿地质采矿条件下不稳定煤层条带开采引起的上覆岩层的破坏过程、破坏范围和地表移动与变形规律。
本文把试验条带开采工作面看成等倾角、等厚度,利用传统的概率积分法研究了地表变形规律,其研究成果与实际有一定的误差;为了提高预计的精度,本文利用曲面拟合法对不稳定煤层进行了处理,获得了煤层变倾角、变厚度多项式,减小了不稳定煤层按照等厚度、等倾角来处理,给地表移动变形预计结果带来的误差。
为了解决概率积分法预计条带开采地表移动和变形误差偏大的问题,本文把传统的概率积分法和极坐标函数结合起来,利用“L-Y”预计条带开采地表沉陷的软件,插入由曲面拟合法获得到的煤层倾角、厚度多项式,对地表移动规律进行精确预计。
最后用“L-Y”预计结果和现场实际观测结果与等倾角、等厚度概率积分法预计的地表移动变形结果相比较,更实际地得出不稳定煤层地表移动变形值及地表移动变形参量的变化规律。本文的研究成果对其它具有相似地质采矿条件的矿区具有一定的借鉴意义。
In the paper, technical route is adopted by a combination of theoretical analysis, scene observation analysis and numerical simulation. The real coal seam occurrence of the unstable seam was precisly predicted,the problem with ground subsidence discussed by strip mining under this condition. Through the banding scene observation analysis of the working surface under the building of LeiPo village on Yonghua Limited company numbei NO.1 mine,under the mine geological conditions of instability coal ,the destruction process and the scope of overlying strata and surface movement and deformation caused by strip mining were revealed .
In the paper,the test strip mining face was considered as uniformin clination and thickness, the surface deformation was studied by using traditional probability-integral method ,and the results had a certain error comparing with the actual . In order to improve the accuracy of the prediction, the unstable real coal seam occurrence was deal with by surface fitting method in this paper, the polynomial of the seam variable angle and variable thickness were obtained. The predict results error of inclination to the deformation was reduced ,which the instability real coal seam thickness was deal with accrding to uniformin clination and thickness.
In order to solve the problem with the large deviation of surface movement and deformation predicted by the probability-integral method with the strip mining.The traditional probability-integral method and polar coordinates function were combined in this paper.The surfce movement rule was accurately predicted by using "L-Y" predicting the strip mining surface subsidence software, wich inserted the inclination of the coal seam and thickness polynomial obtained by the surface fitting method.
Finally, the predicted results with "L-Y" soft and the actual observations at the scene compared the predict results of surface movement and deformation by probability integration method with uniform inclination and thickness, the surface movement and deformation values and change rule of parameters with unstable seam were obtained more practically. The research results had a certain significance to other similar geological conditions of the mining area.
本文把试验条带开采工作面看成等倾角、等厚度,利用传统的概率积分法研究了地表变形规律,其研究成果与实际有一定的误差;为了提高预计的精度,本文利用曲面拟合法对不稳定煤层进行了处理,获得了煤层变倾角、变厚度多项式,减小了不稳定煤层按照等厚度、等倾角来处理,给地表移动变形预计结果带来的误差。
为了解决概率积分法预计条带开采地表移动和变形误差偏大的问题,本文把传统的概率积分法和极坐标函数结合起来,利用“L-Y”预计条带开采地表沉陷的软件,插入由曲面拟合法获得到的煤层倾角、厚度多项式,对地表移动规律进行精确预计。
最后用“L-Y”预计结果和现场实际观测结果与等倾角、等厚度概率积分法预计的地表移动变形结果相比较,更实际地得出不稳定煤层地表移动变形值及地表移动变形参量的变化规律。本文的研究成果对其它具有相似地质采矿条件的矿区具有一定的借鉴意义。
In the paper, technical route is adopted by a combination of theoretical analysis, scene observation analysis and numerical simulation. The real coal seam occurrence of the unstable seam was precisly predicted,the problem with ground subsidence discussed by strip mining under this condition. Through the banding scene observation analysis of the working surface under the building of LeiPo village on Yonghua Limited company numbei NO.1 mine,under the mine geological conditions of instability coal ,the destruction process and the scope of overlying strata and surface movement and deformation caused by strip mining were revealed .
In the paper,the test strip mining face was considered as uniformin clination and thickness, the surface deformation was studied by using traditional probability-integral method ,and the results had a certain error comparing with the actual . In order to improve the accuracy of the prediction, the unstable real coal seam occurrence was deal with by surface fitting method in this paper, the polynomial of the seam variable angle and variable thickness were obtained. The predict results error of inclination to the deformation was reduced ,which the instability real coal seam thickness was deal with accrding to uniformin clination and thickness.
In order to solve the problem with the large deviation of surface movement and deformation predicted by the probability-integral method with the strip mining.The traditional probability-integral method and polar coordinates function were combined in this paper.The surfce movement rule was accurately predicted by using "L-Y" predicting the strip mining surface subsidence software, wich inserted the inclination of the coal seam and thickness polynomial obtained by the surface fitting method.
Finally, the predicted results with "L-Y" soft and the actual observations at the scene compared the predict results of surface movement and deformation by probability integration method with uniform inclination and thickness, the surface movement and deformation values and change rule of parameters with unstable seam were obtained more practically. The research results had a certain significance to other similar geological conditions of the mining area.
引文
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[8]李永树.不规则形状地下空间开挖条件下地表沉陷预计方法研究[J].测绘工程,2001(9):33-39
[9]戴华阳,王金庄,蔡美峰.岩层与地表移动的矢量预计法闭[J].煤炭学报,2002, 27(5):473-478
[10]葛家新.充州矿区地表移动规律及预测参数研究[J].地矿测绘,2004,20 (1):7-8
[11]孙占法,刘迎全.采动对岩层移动破坏规律的数值模拟试验研究闭[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15 (10):154-159
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[13] Zhang Yuzhuo, Wang Mingli.Fuzzy failure analysis of coal pillars for subsidence control.Journal of coal science and engineering(China), 2000,6(1): 19-22
[14] Palarski J,The experimental and practical results of applying backfill.Innovations in mining backfill technology,Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on mining with backfill.Montreal, 1989.33-37
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[30] Karl R, Zipf J, Mark C.Design methods to control violent pillar failures in room-and-pillar mine.Transactions of the institution of mining and metallurgy, 1997, VOL.106: A124-131
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[32]郭增长王金庄.条带开采地表沉陷预计的概率密度函数法[J].徐州:中国矿业大学,2002(6):12-19
[33]袁礼明,王金庄.条带开采法岩层移动机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1990(2):3-5
[34] Stephen,R H,Characterization of Subsidence Profiles over Room and Pillar Coal Mines in Illinois, Presented to the Society of Mining Engineer New Orleans, 1979
[35]杨重工.覆岩移动与采空区处理[M].云南:云南锡业出版社,1985.5
[36] Bieniawski ZT.Design or mine pillars for long-term stability.Proceeding of the International High-Tech conference on Geo-engineering.National Mining University of Beijing, China,1995:245-247
[37] Schumann,EH R et al,The Control of Surface Subsidence by Width/Depth Radio and Chain Pillar Size in the Presence of Component Coal Measures,7th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining
[38]乔春生,张清,黄修云.岩石工程数值分析选择岩体力学参数的神经网络方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1):479-483
[39]邓喀中,张冬至,张周权.深部开采条件下地表沉陷预测及控制的探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):52-55
[40]欧志英,胡赤宾等.散点数据曲面拟合的应用[J].甘肃工业大学学报,2000.3
[41]郑照北,王宏凯.板壳有限元COONS曲面法[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1993.3
[42] Coons, S.A., Surfaces for computer aided design of space. Figures, MIT Project MAC-TR-255,June,1964
[43] Gordan, W.J.and Riesenfeld, R.F.,B-spline curves and surfaces, Computer Aided Geometric Design,1974,95-126
[44]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.7
[45]李德海.厚松散层下条带开采技术研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006.8
[46]郭文兵.条带开采应力场及煤柱稳定性研究.[硕士学位论文],焦作:焦作工学院,1994.6
[47]喻波,王呼佳.压力拱理论及隧道埋深划分方法研究[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2008.2
[48]王旭春,黄福昌,张怀新,等.A.H.威尔逊煤柱设计公式探讨及改进[J].煤炭学报,2002(6):12-15
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[50]郭增长等.极不充分开采地表移动和变形预计方法[J].矿山测量,2000(9):35-36
[51]程从仁.滑动构造下“三软”不稳定煤层高突车场揭煤方法探讨[J].煤矿安全,2006.4
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[2]邹友峰,邓喀中,马伟民.矿山开采沉陷工程[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.1-3
[3]邹友峰,胡友健,郭增长.采动损害与防护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1996.8-21
[4]吴立新,王金庄,刘延安等.建(构)筑物下压煤条带开采理论与实践[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994.85-92
[5]刘宝琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1995.60-72
[6] J.M.Gordan.Subsidence Control in Urban Environments [J].MINING ENGINEERING, 1995,(1):43-45.
[7]刘林.淮南潘集地区地表沉降初步研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999(2):7-13
[8]李永树.不规则形状地下空间开挖条件下地表沉陷预计方法研究[J].测绘工程,2001(9):33-39
[9]戴华阳,王金庄,蔡美峰.岩层与地表移动的矢量预计法闭[J].煤炭学报,2002, 27(5):473-478
[10]葛家新.充州矿区地表移动规律及预测参数研究[J].地矿测绘,2004,20 (1):7-8
[11]孙占法,刘迎全.采动对岩层移动破坏规律的数值模拟试验研究闭[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15 (10):154-159
[12]孟召平.数理统计在焦作演马井田构造分析中的应用[M].西安:陕西人民出社,1989.31-36
[13] Zhang Yuzhuo, Wang Mingli.Fuzzy failure analysis of coal pillars for subsidence control.Journal of coal science and engineering(China), 2000,6(1): 19-22
[14] Palarski J,The experimental and practical results of applying backfill.Innovations in mining backfill technology,Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on mining with backfill.Montreal, 1989.33-37
[15] Moebs,N N, Subsidence over Four Room-and-pillar Sections in Southwestern Pennsylvania, Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations, R18645,1982
[16] V.Adamek and P.Jeran.Evaluation of existing prediction methods for mine subsidence in the United States.Proceedings of the first annual conference on the ground control in mining.1981
[17] C.Г.阿维尔申.煤矿地下开采时的岩层移动[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1959.7
[18] M.鲍来茨基,M.胡戴克.矿山岩体力学[M].于振海,刘天泉译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1985.3
[19]煤炭科学研究院北京开采所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.12:85-90
[20]刘天泉.矿山岩体采动影响与控制[J].煤炭学报,1995(2):1-5
[21]李增琪,杨硕.筑构物下开采集中位移应变漏与大变形—矿山压力、岩层移动和地表移动的三维力学计算方法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.1
[22]张玉卓,仲惟林.岩层移动的错位理论解与边界元计算[J].煤炭学报,1987.2:624-626
[23]宋振骐.实用矿山压力控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1988.12
[24]于广明.分形及损伤力学在开采沉陷中的应用研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,1997.25-31
[25]于广明.矿山开采沉陷非线性理论实践[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998.7
[26]于广明,杨伦,苏仲杰等.地层沉陷非线性原理、监测与控制[M].吉林:吉林大学出版社,2000.9
[27]钱鸣高.岩层控制中关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996.3:264-267
[28]赵经彻,何满潮.建筑物下煤炭资源可持续开采战略[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.12
[29]沈光寒,李白英,吴戈.矿井特殊开采的理论与实践[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992.97-111
[30] Karl R, Zipf J, Mark C.Design methods to control violent pillar failures in room-and-pillar mine.Transactions of the institution of mining and metallurgy, 1997, VOL.106: A124-131
[31]于胜文,郑文华,姜岩等条带开采地表移动变形预计计算方法的分析[J].矿山测量,1999(3):50-51
[32]郭增长王金庄.条带开采地表沉陷预计的概率密度函数法[J].徐州:中国矿业大学,2002(6):12-19
[33]袁礼明,王金庄.条带开采法岩层移动机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1990(2):3-5
[34] Stephen,R H,Characterization of Subsidence Profiles over Room and Pillar Coal Mines in Illinois, Presented to the Society of Mining Engineer New Orleans, 1979
[35]杨重工.覆岩移动与采空区处理[M].云南:云南锡业出版社,1985.5
[36] Bieniawski ZT.Design or mine pillars for long-term stability.Proceeding of the International High-Tech conference on Geo-engineering.National Mining University of Beijing, China,1995:245-247
[37] Schumann,EH R et al,The Control of Surface Subsidence by Width/Depth Radio and Chain Pillar Size in the Presence of Component Coal Measures,7th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining
[38]乔春生,张清,黄修云.岩石工程数值分析选择岩体力学参数的神经网络方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1):479-483
[39]邓喀中,张冬至,张周权.深部开采条件下地表沉陷预测及控制的探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):52-55
[40]欧志英,胡赤宾等.散点数据曲面拟合的应用[J].甘肃工业大学学报,2000.3
[41]郑照北,王宏凯.板壳有限元COONS曲面法[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1993.3
[42] Coons, S.A., Surfaces for computer aided design of space. Figures, MIT Project MAC-TR-255,June,1964
[43] Gordan, W.J.and Riesenfeld, R.F.,B-spline curves and surfaces, Computer Aided Geometric Design,1974,95-126
[44]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.7
[45]李德海.厚松散层下条带开采技术研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006.8
[46]郭文兵.条带开采应力场及煤柱稳定性研究.[硕士学位论文],焦作:焦作工学院,1994.6
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