福州市乡村旅游的发展研究
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摘要
乡村旅游起源于19世纪的欧洲,是在工业化与城市化进程加快的背景下产生的。我国的乡村旅游较国外起步较晚,但发展十分迅速。随着城市居民生活水平和需求层次的提高、收入和闲暇时间的增多,越来越多居民热衷于乡村旅游。在新农村建设的背景下,乡村旅游的发展对农村经济增长、农民增收、农业产业结构调整的影响也是越来越大。福州是福建的省会,占据着海峡西岸优越的地理位置,且交通便利、经济基础雄厚,拥有丰富的乡村旅游资源、庞大的客源市场,因此,研究福州市乡村旅游的发展现状,分析其成功和不足之处显得尤为重要。
本文从乡村旅游的发展背景入手,在研究相关文献的基础上,主要运用农业多功能理论、休闲经济理论和可持续发展理论,对福州市乡村旅游的发展进行分析。首先,对福州市乡村旅游发展的现状进行阐述,图表列出了福州各设县市目前较正式的乡村旅游接待点的数量、投资主体、面积、主要特色项目等内容,这样对福州市的乡村旅游能有个总体的印象。接着对福州市乡村旅游类型进行了分类,根据各乡村旅游接待点的主打旅游项目,将它们分为农家乐体验型、观赏采摘型、依托景区型、休闲娱乐型、村寨民居型、商贸型和综合型;其次,通过对福州乡村旅游各方面优势的分析,逐个解析了乡村旅游中涉及的利益相关者,提出了经济效益、生态效益、社会效益三者需相互协调发展。最后,在阐明了福州市乡村旅游发展过程中存在问题的基础上,就福州市乡村旅游发展的不足提出了应该制定行业标准,加强宣传力度,提高从业者的素质等建议。
Rural Tourism originated in 19th century Europe, it produced under the background of the advancement of industry and the urbanization. Rural Tourism of China is started late than foreign countries, but development rapidly. With the demand levels raised, urban living standards, income and increased leisure time increasingly, more and more residents keen on Rural Tourism. In new rural construction background, Rural Tourism's development has a big influence in rural economic growth, farmers’income and agricultural restructuring. Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province, occupying the west side location which with convenient transportation, rich economic base, and a rich rural tourism resources, huge tourist market. Therefore, studying on the rural tourism development in Fuzhou, analyzed its success and weaknesses is very important.
This paper research starting from Rural Tourism development background, on the basis of researching related literature, primarily use agriculture multifunctional theory, leisure economic and sustainable development theory, analyzed rural tourism development in Fuzhou. First, expounded Fuzhou rural tourism development status, by setting the chart, point out the number of Rural Tourism, investors, area, the main features of the project and so on in Fuzhou of Rural Tourism have a general impression. And classified its rural tourism in type, according to the main tourist projects of rural tourism, they are divided into farm-based experience, enjoy picking type, relying on the scenic type, entertainment-based, village-type, business model and comprehensive; Secondly, through analysis the various advantages of rural tourism in Fuzhou, one by one analysis of the rural tourism stakeholders, raised economic efficiency, ecological benefits, social benefits need to coordinate development; Final, on the basis of illuminating the problem of rural tourism development in Fuzhou, and give advice to the rural tourism development in Fuzhou, such as developing industry standards, strengthen propaganda and raising the quality of practitioners.
本文从乡村旅游的发展背景入手,在研究相关文献的基础上,主要运用农业多功能理论、休闲经济理论和可持续发展理论,对福州市乡村旅游的发展进行分析。首先,对福州市乡村旅游发展的现状进行阐述,图表列出了福州各设县市目前较正式的乡村旅游接待点的数量、投资主体、面积、主要特色项目等内容,这样对福州市的乡村旅游能有个总体的印象。接着对福州市乡村旅游类型进行了分类,根据各乡村旅游接待点的主打旅游项目,将它们分为农家乐体验型、观赏采摘型、依托景区型、休闲娱乐型、村寨民居型、商贸型和综合型;其次,通过对福州乡村旅游各方面优势的分析,逐个解析了乡村旅游中涉及的利益相关者,提出了经济效益、生态效益、社会效益三者需相互协调发展。最后,在阐明了福州市乡村旅游发展过程中存在问题的基础上,就福州市乡村旅游发展的不足提出了应该制定行业标准,加强宣传力度,提高从业者的素质等建议。
Rural Tourism originated in 19th century Europe, it produced under the background of the advancement of industry and the urbanization. Rural Tourism of China is started late than foreign countries, but development rapidly. With the demand levels raised, urban living standards, income and increased leisure time increasingly, more and more residents keen on Rural Tourism. In new rural construction background, Rural Tourism's development has a big influence in rural economic growth, farmers’income and agricultural restructuring. Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province, occupying the west side location which with convenient transportation, rich economic base, and a rich rural tourism resources, huge tourist market. Therefore, studying on the rural tourism development in Fuzhou, analyzed its success and weaknesses is very important.
This paper research starting from Rural Tourism development background, on the basis of researching related literature, primarily use agriculture multifunctional theory, leisure economic and sustainable development theory, analyzed rural tourism development in Fuzhou. First, expounded Fuzhou rural tourism development status, by setting the chart, point out the number of Rural Tourism, investors, area, the main features of the project and so on in Fuzhou of Rural Tourism have a general impression. And classified its rural tourism in type, according to the main tourist projects of rural tourism, they are divided into farm-based experience, enjoy picking type, relying on the scenic type, entertainment-based, village-type, business model and comprehensive; Secondly, through analysis the various advantages of rural tourism in Fuzhou, one by one analysis of the rural tourism stakeholders, raised economic efficiency, ecological benefits, social benefits need to coordinate development; Final, on the basis of illuminating the problem of rural tourism development in Fuzhou, and give advice to the rural tourism development in Fuzhou, such as developing industry standards, strengthen propaganda and raising the quality of practitioners.
引文
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[9]王云才.国际乡村旅游发展的政策经验与借鉴[J].旅游学刊,2002,17(4):45-50.
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[14]刘森茂,陈秋华.福建省乡村旅游增长机制研究[J].林业经济问题,2007,27(3):233-237.
[15]于静.论乡村旅游对农村经济发展的意义[J].经济问题,2008(5):91-93.
[16]张河清,王浪.基于乡村旅游“围城”效应的社区居民受益机制研究[J].生态经济,2007(1):224-226.
[17]甘巧林,陈忠暖.从乡村非农化看乡村旅游的兴起[J].华南师范大学学报,2000(4):84-88.
[18]李华,蔡永立.乡村旅游:农村生态与经济的竞合模式——以三汊河湿地公园开发为例[J].福建师范大学福清分校学报,2007(3):79-83.
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[21]郭凌.乡村旅游发展中的乡村治理研究[J].农村经济,2008(6):75-77.
[22]孔祥智,钟真,原梅生.乡村旅游业对农户生计的影响分析——以山西三个景区为例[J].经济问题,2008(1).
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[26]黄远林.我国乡村度假的发展趋势与开发模式选择[J].商场现代化,2006(10):309-310.
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[28]意大利的“绿色假期”——农业旅游[J].世界农业,1998,6:50-51.
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[31]吴俊丽.海外都市农业对京郊都市农业的启示[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2002,16(1):20-23.
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[33]郑春霞,陈艺煌.台湾休闲农业理念对闽南休闲农业的启示[J].漳州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(3):23-27.
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