隐患空区群下采场结构参数优化研究
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摘要
随着深部资源的不断开采和日益短缺,隐患空区群下矿体开采引起了广泛关注。汤丹铜矿由于多年开采形成多个隐患空区群,深部采场已处于上部中段未经处理的空区群下回采,上部空区群产生的次生应力场改变了采场的受力状态,为了保证采场稳定和安全高效回采,对下部中段采场结构参数和回采顺序进行优化研究。
主要研究内容包含以下几个方面：
(1)运用三维激光扫描系统CMS进行空区群精密探测,建立空区群三维可视化模型,掌握空区群空间分布特征,并对其体积进行了统计分析,矿区空区总体积已达4153932.28m3(不含已连通至地表和被崩落围岩充填空区),对下部中段安全生产产生了严重影响。
(2)利用正交实验设计对拟定的采场结构参数进行选择性的实验,既避免了全面试验的繁琐性,又提高了计算效率。选择采场走向长度、矿柱宽度和顶柱高度采用三水平三因素正交表进行9次试验确定较优组合。
(3)利用Hoek-Brown准则根据地质情况选择相关参数对岩石物理力学参数进行工程折减。
(4)通过对三维矿业软件DIMINE块体模型数据格式和FLAC3D brick网格生成数据格式进行研究,编制DIMINE和FLAC3D的数据接口转换程序,实现了地质模型和数值计算模型的快速准确转换,提高了建模精度和效率。
(5)运用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对1770中段西部区域矿体不同采场结构参数在1900中段隐患空区群下的力学响应进行详细分析,根据应力场、位移场、塑性区分布综合选择较优方案。数值计算结果表明采场结构参数选取顶柱高25m,矿柱宽为20m,采场长为50m时可获得较稳定的应力状态,回采顺序由东向西回采可使采场处于较稳定状态。
With the extraction and exhaustion of deep orebody,great attentions having been paid to hazardous orebody which is around cavities. Due to the long mining history,there have many hazardous cavities in Tangdan Copper mine, the lower level stopes are disturbed by the distribution of stress and displacement of upper hazardous cavities.In oder to keeping the disturbed stopes stable and extracting in a efficient and safety way,structural parameter of lower stopes and extraction sequence are optimized in numerical simulation approach.
The followings are investigated carefully:
(1) Cavity Monitoring System are used to detecting hazardous cavities,three-dimentional modeling are established by modeling software,the properties of cavities are investigated too,and volume statistic are conducted,the total volume of cavities is 4153932.28m3,which is not contained the surface cavities and filled cavities by falling rock.
(2) orthogonal experimental design is conducted to structural parameters simulation in a efficient way, which not only avoid the complexity of whole tests,but also boost the efficiency.3 levels and 3 factors(stope length,pillar width and ceiling thickness) are used to slecting the better choice.
(3) Hoek-Brown theory is used to discounting the parameters of lab tested rock corresponding to geology situation.
(4) the data structure of three dimentional modeling software-DIMINE and brick grid in FLAC3D are analysised carefully,and the exchange software are compiled which can import block model data in DIMINE software directly,which is very convenient and efficient.
(5) the stope in 1770 levle which are disturbed by upper hazardous cavities are calculated by FLAC3D to investigate the stress,displacement and plastic zone reponse in the model.The outcome shows that the better structural parameters are 25m in ceiling 20m in pillar 50m in the length of stope,and the better mining sequence is from east to west in local stopes in 1770 level.
主要研究内容包含以下几个方面：
(1)运用三维激光扫描系统CMS进行空区群精密探测,建立空区群三维可视化模型,掌握空区群空间分布特征,并对其体积进行了统计分析,矿区空区总体积已达4153932.28m3(不含已连通至地表和被崩落围岩充填空区),对下部中段安全生产产生了严重影响。
(2)利用正交实验设计对拟定的采场结构参数进行选择性的实验,既避免了全面试验的繁琐性,又提高了计算效率。选择采场走向长度、矿柱宽度和顶柱高度采用三水平三因素正交表进行9次试验确定较优组合。
(3)利用Hoek-Brown准则根据地质情况选择相关参数对岩石物理力学参数进行工程折减。
(4)通过对三维矿业软件DIMINE块体模型数据格式和FLAC3D brick网格生成数据格式进行研究,编制DIMINE和FLAC3D的数据接口转换程序,实现了地质模型和数值计算模型的快速准确转换,提高了建模精度和效率。
(5)运用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对1770中段西部区域矿体不同采场结构参数在1900中段隐患空区群下的力学响应进行详细分析,根据应力场、位移场、塑性区分布综合选择较优方案。数值计算结果表明采场结构参数选取顶柱高25m,矿柱宽为20m,采场长为50m时可获得较稳定的应力状态,回采顺序由东向西回采可使采场处于较稳定状态。
With the extraction and exhaustion of deep orebody,great attentions having been paid to hazardous orebody which is around cavities. Due to the long mining history,there have many hazardous cavities in Tangdan Copper mine, the lower level stopes are disturbed by the distribution of stress and displacement of upper hazardous cavities.In oder to keeping the disturbed stopes stable and extracting in a efficient and safety way,structural parameter of lower stopes and extraction sequence are optimized in numerical simulation approach.
The followings are investigated carefully:
(1) Cavity Monitoring System are used to detecting hazardous cavities,three-dimentional modeling are established by modeling software,the properties of cavities are investigated too,and volume statistic are conducted,the total volume of cavities is 4153932.28m3,which is not contained the surface cavities and filled cavities by falling rock.
(2) orthogonal experimental design is conducted to structural parameters simulation in a efficient way, which not only avoid the complexity of whole tests,but also boost the efficiency.3 levels and 3 factors(stope length,pillar width and ceiling thickness) are used to slecting the better choice.
(3) Hoek-Brown theory is used to discounting the parameters of lab tested rock corresponding to geology situation.
(4) the data structure of three dimentional modeling software-DIMINE and brick grid in FLAC3D are analysised carefully,and the exchange software are compiled which can import block model data in DIMINE software directly,which is very convenient and efficient.
(5) the stope in 1770 levle which are disturbed by upper hazardous cavities are calculated by FLAC3D to investigate the stress,displacement and plastic zone reponse in the model.The outcome shows that the better structural parameters are 25m in ceiling 20m in pillar 50m in the length of stope,and the better mining sequence is from east to west in local stopes in 1770 level.
引文
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[3]李大心.探地雷达方法及应用[M].北京：地质出版社,1994.
[4]程久龙,胡克峰,王玉和,等.探地雷达探测地下采空区的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(s)：79-82.
[5]刘敦文.地下岩体工程灾害隐患空区雷达探测与控制研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2001.
[6]FENNER T. Ground penetrating radar for identification of mine tunnels and abandoned mine stopes[J]. Mining Engineering,1995,47(3):280～284.
[7]杨文采,李幼铭.应用地震层析成像[M].北京：地质出版社,1993.
[8]黄仁东.金属矿山隐患空区声波层析成像识别及其安全控制技术研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2005.
[9]祁生文,孙进忠,何华瑞.瑞雷波勘探的研究现状及展望[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4)：630-635.
[10]古德生,李夕兵,等.现代金属矿床开采科学技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2006.
[11]A.P.Jarosz, L.Shepherd. Open Stope Cavity Monitoring System for the Control of Dilution and Ore Loss[J]. mining engineering,1998(8):63～67.
[12]Luo Zhou-quan, Liu Xiao-ming, Su Jia-hong, et al. Deposit 3D modeling and application [J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology,2007,14(2):225～ 229.
[13]刘晓明.基于实测的采空区三维建模及其衍生技术的研究与应用[D].长沙：中南大学,2007.
[14]Optech Systems Corporation. Cavity Monitoring(CMS) System wireless user manual[M]. Toronto ontario, Canada:Optech Systems Corporation,2004.
[15]Measurement Devices Ltd. Cavity Auto Scanning Laser System(CALS) Manual[M].York, UK:Measurement Devices Ltd,2006.
[16]许传华,任青文,李瑞.地下工程围岩稳定性分析方法研究进展[J].金属矿山,2003(2)：34-37.
[17]葛修润.有限单元法及其在岩体力学中的应用[M].北京：水利出版社,1991.
[18]王瑁成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[19]P.A Cundall Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model.-part I:A Scheme to Detect And Represent Contacts in a System Composed of Many Polyhedral Blocks. [J] International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,1988,25(3):107～116.
[20]Hart R,Cundall P A, Lemos J. Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-part II. mechanical calculation of a system composed of many polyhedral blocks. [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,1988,25(3):117～125.
[21]A.M Starfield P. A Cundall. Towards a methodology for rock mechanics modeling[J].INT J Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr,1988,25:99～106.
[22]Shi G H,Goodman R E. Two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis[J]. Int.J.Numer.Anal.Methods Geomech,1985(9):541～556.
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