下向进路侧帮稳定性及进路布置方式优化设计研究
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摘要
随着采掘深度的不断加深以及多中段回采的开展,确保下向胶结充填回采进路的稳定一直是金属矿山面临的难题。下向进路胶结充填采矿法作为开采难采矿体的重要采矿方法,应用十分广泛,对其回采进路进行工程地质学与岩石力学问题的深入研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本文以“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“难采选金属矿高效开发关键技术及装备研究”子课题为依托,通过对武山铜矿的大量野外地质调查及测量,充分利用现有资料,以北矿带回采进路所处的地质背景及具体工程特征入手,从矿区的地应力、充填体及侧帮矿岩的岩体力学特征、进路侧帮关键块体的形成与稳定、充填体与围岩的相互作用机理、进路侧帮矿岩体的稳定性评价等几个方面对下向进路采场的稳定性展开了研究。结合具体工程,针对下向进路侧帮稳定性研究方面的一些问题与不足,从技术方法和研究思路上对下向进路采场稳定性评价进行了完善和补充。
运用构造解析方法分析了研究区的构造演化历史,获得了该区控矿构造的演化特征;利用断层滑动及最新地震资料,反演了该区的古构造应力场与现代应力场,分析并得出了两者之间的关系。
利用空间解析几何方法,详细讨论了进路侧帮与充填体交接处可动块体形成的判别条件,讨论了两组结构面与临空面、充填体与进路侧帮分界面交切所形成的交点、交线与各个平面的拓扑对应关系,提出了从上述交点中识别块体顶点的方法,计算了四面体和五面体的各侧面面积、体积、重心等几何参数。在此基础上,结合弹性力学方法,提出了充填体作用下可动块体的稳定性系数的计算方法。在上述研究成果的基础上,将随机过程理论与块体理论相结合,建立了进路侧帮与充填体交接处结构面模型及块体搜索方法,并编制了相应程序。
利用力学方法及空间解析几何方法,探讨了最大水平构造应力对可动块体稳定性的影响,提出了通过研究最大水平构造应力对块体稳定性的影响来研究地应力对不同方向进路侧帮稳定性影响的方法;针对不同采场、不同方向的下向进路的工程地质特征,基于模糊贴近度方法建立了矿山下向进路侧帮稳定性的评价方法,并编制了程序。
利用岩石破裂过程分析的数值方法,对不同回采断面尺寸下充填体与围岩的相互作用机理进行了深入研究,以模拟不同断面开挖时所形成的应力场和变形场,通过分步开挖声发射关键点的模拟,获得了断面尺寸对充填体失稳部位的影响规律。
在以上研究的基础之上,综合考虑下向进路充填体及矿岩失稳的主控因素,提出了武山北矿带下向进路的布置方式及回采顺序优化的方法,确定了采用上、下分层进路交错布置的具体方案。
With the increasing excavation depth and the truth of several-level mining, the stability of underhand cut-and-fill drift stoping is always the difficult problem faced by metal mine. As an important method for difficult-to-mine orebody, the underhand cut-and-fill drift stoping has been applied widely. It is necessary to study on engineering geology and rock mechanics problems of underhand cut-and-fill drift. This study has important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper relies on the national key technology R&D program in the 11th five year plan of china"Study on the highly effective key technology and furnishment for difficult-to-mine metal orebody". Field geologic surveys and plenty data in existence have been analyzed in detail, a research on the underhand cut-and-fill drift of the northern part of Wushan copper mine is started from geologic setting and the characteristics of the engineering. Then the crustal stress of mining area, the rock mechanics characteristics of the backfill body and surrounding rock mass of underhand cut-and-fill drift, the structures of rock mass, the mechanism of interact of backfill body and surrounding rockmass, the stability of rock mass and so on have been outspreaded in order to evaluate the stability of the stope. Linked with this engineering and some problems or shortages in the study of the stope's stability of underhand cut-and-fill drift, some methods have been put forward to mend and perfect the study on the stope's stability.
In the study of this paper, the structure evolution of the mine area was studied depending on the structure analysis method. Based on the data of fault slip and the recent earthquake, the present tectonic stress field and the paleotectonic stress field have been analyzed and compared.
The criterions to identify a movable block body, which formed in connect are between the backfill body and underhand cut-and-fill drift was discussed in detail and set up using spatial analytic geometry method. At the same time, a topology relationship between points of intersection, lines of intersection and the plane is discussed, and then a basic method to distinguish the vertexes of block body from those points of intersection is put forward. The parameters such as the areas, volumes, barycenter and so on of the four-faces and the five-face block body are evaluated by the mathematics method. Due to the influence of back-fill body on movable block body, a new method of calculating the stability coefficient of movable block body was put forward by elasticity mechanics method. In order to search the block bodies which maybe occurred between the backfill body and the surrounding rockmass of underhand cut-and-fill drift, a method was put forward using the random process theory and block body theory, and a program is compiled.
The influence of the maximum horizontal principal stress on movable block body was discussed by using spatial analytic geometry method and mechanic method, and a method of study the influence on the stability of underhand cut-and-fill drift from crustal stress was put forward. Using fuzzy approach degree, a method of evaluates the stability of different stope and different direction underhand cut-and-fill drift was put forward.
In the study of the mechanism of interact of backfill body and surrounding rockmass , 2-D"RFPA"finite element analysis technique is used to simulate the stress field and deform field which is induced by different shape cross-section. The influence law of instability part was obtained by simulating the acoustic emission key point during excavation by steps.
Based on those studies above, and according to the results from synthesis analyzing the main control actors of the stability of underhand cut-and-fill drift, a method of layout and mining sequence of underhand drift was put forward, and the material scheme of intersecting the drifts between the upper slice and the lower slice was put forward.
本文以“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“难采选金属矿高效开发关键技术及装备研究”子课题为依托,通过对武山铜矿的大量野外地质调查及测量,充分利用现有资料,以北矿带回采进路所处的地质背景及具体工程特征入手,从矿区的地应力、充填体及侧帮矿岩的岩体力学特征、进路侧帮关键块体的形成与稳定、充填体与围岩的相互作用机理、进路侧帮矿岩体的稳定性评价等几个方面对下向进路采场的稳定性展开了研究。结合具体工程,针对下向进路侧帮稳定性研究方面的一些问题与不足,从技术方法和研究思路上对下向进路采场稳定性评价进行了完善和补充。
运用构造解析方法分析了研究区的构造演化历史,获得了该区控矿构造的演化特征;利用断层滑动及最新地震资料,反演了该区的古构造应力场与现代应力场,分析并得出了两者之间的关系。
利用空间解析几何方法,详细讨论了进路侧帮与充填体交接处可动块体形成的判别条件,讨论了两组结构面与临空面、充填体与进路侧帮分界面交切所形成的交点、交线与各个平面的拓扑对应关系,提出了从上述交点中识别块体顶点的方法,计算了四面体和五面体的各侧面面积、体积、重心等几何参数。在此基础上,结合弹性力学方法,提出了充填体作用下可动块体的稳定性系数的计算方法。在上述研究成果的基础上,将随机过程理论与块体理论相结合,建立了进路侧帮与充填体交接处结构面模型及块体搜索方法,并编制了相应程序。
利用力学方法及空间解析几何方法,探讨了最大水平构造应力对可动块体稳定性的影响,提出了通过研究最大水平构造应力对块体稳定性的影响来研究地应力对不同方向进路侧帮稳定性影响的方法;针对不同采场、不同方向的下向进路的工程地质特征,基于模糊贴近度方法建立了矿山下向进路侧帮稳定性的评价方法,并编制了程序。
利用岩石破裂过程分析的数值方法,对不同回采断面尺寸下充填体与围岩的相互作用机理进行了深入研究,以模拟不同断面开挖时所形成的应力场和变形场,通过分步开挖声发射关键点的模拟,获得了断面尺寸对充填体失稳部位的影响规律。
在以上研究的基础之上,综合考虑下向进路充填体及矿岩失稳的主控因素,提出了武山北矿带下向进路的布置方式及回采顺序优化的方法,确定了采用上、下分层进路交错布置的具体方案。
With the increasing excavation depth and the truth of several-level mining, the stability of underhand cut-and-fill drift stoping is always the difficult problem faced by metal mine. As an important method for difficult-to-mine orebody, the underhand cut-and-fill drift stoping has been applied widely. It is necessary to study on engineering geology and rock mechanics problems of underhand cut-and-fill drift. This study has important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper relies on the national key technology R&D program in the 11th five year plan of china"Study on the highly effective key technology and furnishment for difficult-to-mine metal orebody". Field geologic surveys and plenty data in existence have been analyzed in detail, a research on the underhand cut-and-fill drift of the northern part of Wushan copper mine is started from geologic setting and the characteristics of the engineering. Then the crustal stress of mining area, the rock mechanics characteristics of the backfill body and surrounding rock mass of underhand cut-and-fill drift, the structures of rock mass, the mechanism of interact of backfill body and surrounding rockmass, the stability of rock mass and so on have been outspreaded in order to evaluate the stability of the stope. Linked with this engineering and some problems or shortages in the study of the stope's stability of underhand cut-and-fill drift, some methods have been put forward to mend and perfect the study on the stope's stability.
In the study of this paper, the structure evolution of the mine area was studied depending on the structure analysis method. Based on the data of fault slip and the recent earthquake, the present tectonic stress field and the paleotectonic stress field have been analyzed and compared.
The criterions to identify a movable block body, which formed in connect are between the backfill body and underhand cut-and-fill drift was discussed in detail and set up using spatial analytic geometry method. At the same time, a topology relationship between points of intersection, lines of intersection and the plane is discussed, and then a basic method to distinguish the vertexes of block body from those points of intersection is put forward. The parameters such as the areas, volumes, barycenter and so on of the four-faces and the five-face block body are evaluated by the mathematics method. Due to the influence of back-fill body on movable block body, a new method of calculating the stability coefficient of movable block body was put forward by elasticity mechanics method. In order to search the block bodies which maybe occurred between the backfill body and the surrounding rockmass of underhand cut-and-fill drift, a method was put forward using the random process theory and block body theory, and a program is compiled.
The influence of the maximum horizontal principal stress on movable block body was discussed by using spatial analytic geometry method and mechanic method, and a method of study the influence on the stability of underhand cut-and-fill drift from crustal stress was put forward. Using fuzzy approach degree, a method of evaluates the stability of different stope and different direction underhand cut-and-fill drift was put forward.
In the study of the mechanism of interact of backfill body and surrounding rockmass , 2-D"RFPA"finite element analysis technique is used to simulate the stress field and deform field which is induced by different shape cross-section. The influence law of instability part was obtained by simulating the acoustic emission key point during excavation by steps.
Based on those studies above, and according to the results from synthesis analyzing the main control actors of the stability of underhand cut-and-fill drift, a method of layout and mining sequence of underhand drift was put forward, and the material scheme of intersecting the drifts between the upper slice and the lower slice was put forward.
引文
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