连退平整支承辊轴承腔内油雾流场的数值模拟及润滑效果的研究
摘要
油雾润滑技术是一种能连续有效地将油雾化为小颗粒的集中供油方式,由于其具有的独特优点,在国外已经运用的很广泛,国内运用的场合也越来越多。因此,很有必要对油雾润滑理论及其润滑规律展开深入的研究。譬如,重载轴承在泵腔里旋转的情况下,油雾在泵腔里是如何到达润滑点的?不同油雾供给量对泵腔里油雾流场及滚动轴承润滑效果的影响如何?相同油雾供给量下,轴承温升与轴承滚子生热率之间的关系如何?理论仿真结果与实际流场的差异有多大?这些都是工程人员在现场应用中所关心的问题。本课题就是以此背景下提出的,上述几个问题也就是本论文关心的问题。
首先,本文根据对国内某钢铁公司油雾润滑的现场应用状况进行了详细的调查,根据调查结果对连退平整机轴承腔内流场的物理模型进行测绘,并根据测绘结果应用Pro/E软件对油雾的流体域空间进行实体建模。其次,应用专业网格划分软件Gambit对流体域实体模型进行网格划分,并进行符合工况的边界条件设置。最后,应用Fluent软件,在泵内轴转速不变以及两种供油量的情况下,分别针对轴承滚子生热率为10kW/m3、15kW/m3、20kW/m3、25kW/m3、30kW/m3、35kW/m3这6种情况下的流域温升进行数值模拟。
通过对数值计算结果收敛的油雾速度矢量场、温度场和压力场进行分析,可以得出以下结论：随着滚子生热率的提高,泵内温度逐步升高,增大油雾供给量可以在一定程度增加油雾的散热能力,降低连退平整支承辊的温度；流体域空间内充满速度矢量,油雾跟随速度矢量场的方向运动。轴承腔的入口处有逆流的存在,上下出入孔速度矢量明显高于腔内其他流场速度矢量。越靠近旋转轴,由于气场的连带作用,流场的速度矢量就越大；润滑腔里形成微弱的正压,大部分空间为正压,但在出口处有负压存在,随着油雾供给量的增加,腔内正压提高,负压加大。
Oil-mist lubrication technology is an concentrated method of lubrication, which can translate oil mist into samll particles continously and effectivly. Because of its unique advantages, it has been used widly in foreign countries, and become popular in domstic market. Therefore, it is necessary for us to start a deep study of lubrication theory and rules. For instance, how dose the oil-mist land on the aim points from inlet during speed heavy-duty bearing in a pump? How do different supplies of oil-mist influent the flow flied and lubrication effects? At the same supply of oil-mist, what is the relation between the temperature rise of the bearing and the heat rate of the roller? How far between the result of theoretical simulation and the actual flow field. My thesis is encountered to solve the problems in this background, the problems that have been mentioned are the issues of concern in this paper.
First, I took a detailed investigate of a steel company where applied the oil-mist lubrication. According to the result of the investigate, I mapping the physical model of the oil-mist flow field. Then, I apply the Pro/E software to draw the region model of the oil-mist fluid. Secondly, applied Gambit, which is a professional meshing sofeware, to mesh the model of the oil-mist fluid, and to set parameters of the boundary condition that is accord with the industry congditions. Finally, applied the Fluent software to simulate the region models(two different oil-mist supplies, six different roller heat rates which are 10kW/m3,15 kW/m3,20 kW/m3,25 kW/m3,30 kW/m3,35 kW/m3, under the same shaft rotation speed.).
By analyzing the convergence results of the temperature field, velocity vector field and pressure field, we can get the following conclusions:With the roller heat rates rise, the pump temperature increase. Increase the supply of the oil mist can decrease the pump temperature; Velocity vector is full of the pump, oil mist follows the field movement. There is counter-curret near the entrance. Velocity vector near the inlet and the outlet is higher than the other flow field. More near the rotation axis, the velocity vector flow field is higher; Most of the lubrication cavity pressure is positive, but there is negative pressure near the exit. With increasing the supply of the oil mist, the positive pressure will become higher, and the negative pressure also become lower.
首先,本文根据对国内某钢铁公司油雾润滑的现场应用状况进行了详细的调查,根据调查结果对连退平整机轴承腔内流场的物理模型进行测绘,并根据测绘结果应用Pro/E软件对油雾的流体域空间进行实体建模。其次,应用专业网格划分软件Gambit对流体域实体模型进行网格划分,并进行符合工况的边界条件设置。最后,应用Fluent软件,在泵内轴转速不变以及两种供油量的情况下,分别针对轴承滚子生热率为10kW/m3、15kW/m3、20kW/m3、25kW/m3、30kW/m3、35kW/m3这6种情况下的流域温升进行数值模拟。
通过对数值计算结果收敛的油雾速度矢量场、温度场和压力场进行分析,可以得出以下结论：随着滚子生热率的提高,泵内温度逐步升高,增大油雾供给量可以在一定程度增加油雾的散热能力,降低连退平整支承辊的温度；流体域空间内充满速度矢量,油雾跟随速度矢量场的方向运动。轴承腔的入口处有逆流的存在,上下出入孔速度矢量明显高于腔内其他流场速度矢量。越靠近旋转轴,由于气场的连带作用,流场的速度矢量就越大；润滑腔里形成微弱的正压,大部分空间为正压,但在出口处有负压存在,随着油雾供给量的增加,腔内正压提高,负压加大。
Oil-mist lubrication technology is an concentrated method of lubrication, which can translate oil mist into samll particles continously and effectivly. Because of its unique advantages, it has been used widly in foreign countries, and become popular in domstic market. Therefore, it is necessary for us to start a deep study of lubrication theory and rules. For instance, how dose the oil-mist land on the aim points from inlet during speed heavy-duty bearing in a pump? How do different supplies of oil-mist influent the flow flied and lubrication effects? At the same supply of oil-mist, what is the relation between the temperature rise of the bearing and the heat rate of the roller? How far between the result of theoretical simulation and the actual flow field. My thesis is encountered to solve the problems in this background, the problems that have been mentioned are the issues of concern in this paper.
First, I took a detailed investigate of a steel company where applied the oil-mist lubrication. According to the result of the investigate, I mapping the physical model of the oil-mist flow field. Then, I apply the Pro/E software to draw the region model of the oil-mist fluid. Secondly, applied Gambit, which is a professional meshing sofeware, to mesh the model of the oil-mist fluid, and to set parameters of the boundary condition that is accord with the industry congditions. Finally, applied the Fluent software to simulate the region models(two different oil-mist supplies, six different roller heat rates which are 10kW/m3,15 kW/m3,20 kW/m3,25 kW/m3,30 kW/m3,35 kW/m3, under the same shaft rotation speed.).
By analyzing the convergence results of the temperature field, velocity vector field and pressure field, we can get the following conclusions:With the roller heat rates rise, the pump temperature increase. Increase the supply of the oil mist can decrease the pump temperature; Velocity vector is full of the pump, oil mist follows the field movement. There is counter-curret near the entrance. Velocity vector near the inlet and the outlet is higher than the other flow field. More near the rotation axis, the velocity vector flow field is higher; Most of the lubrication cavity pressure is positive, but there is negative pressure near the exit. With increasing the supply of the oil mist, the positive pressure will become higher, and the negative pressure also become lower.
引文
1.杨庆慧.油雾润滑,涧滑与密封[J],1992年01期
2.胡邦喜.设备润滑基础(第二版)[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,2002,399
3.汪晓云,金龙.油雾润滑在轴承中的应用研究[J],武汉船舶职业技术学院学报,2004,(3)：20-21
4.黄屏.高速加工中心主轴轴承自发油雾漾滑[J],MC轴承,2005,(2-3)：96
5. Heinz. P. Bloch. Dual magnetic hermetic sealing devices for oil mist lubricated pumps and electric motors[J], WORLD PUMPS, August 2004,32-35
6.李文武.机泵轴承腔内油雾流场的数值模拟及润滑效果的研究[D],沈阳：东北大学硕士学位论文,2008
7.张淑华.油雾润滑中残雾回收的研究[D],沈阳：东北大学硕士学位论文,2006
8.刘至祥,谢天和,钱义刚,张长海,杨艳青.油雾润滑技术在炼化企业的应用[J],技术产品版,2006.03,23-25
9.任玉新,陈海听.计算流体力学基础[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2006年6月第一版.
10.阎超.计算流体力学方法及应用[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.6
11.范洁川.流动显示技术的若干现状与研究[J],气动实验与测量控制,1995.3,9(1),10-15
12.廖春明.柴油机喷雾场可视化研究及数值模拟[D],大连：大连理工大学,2006年12月.
13.杨敏官,高波,顾海飞,李辉.旋流式模型泵内部三维湍流场的测量[J],灌溉机械,2008年1月,第26卷第1期.
14.杨敏官,高波,刘栋,李辉,顾海飞.旋流泵内部液固两相流场的PDPA测量与分析[J],农业机械学报,2007年12月,第38卷第12期.
15.王成军,张宝诚,徐让书,李广平,刘凯,牛玲.PDPA在燃油雾化特性实验中的应用[J],沈阳航空工业学院学报,2005年4月,第22卷第2期.
16. C. Jonas Bolinder Bengt Sunden. Flow Visualization and LDV Measurements of Laminar Flow in a Helical Square Duct with Finite Pitch[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 1995; 11:348-363.
17.许联锋,陈刚,李建中,金上海.气液两相流动粒子成像测速技术(PIV)研究进展[J],水力发电学报,2004年12月,第23卷第6期.
18.梁爱国,龙新平,何培杰.应用PIV技术测量射流泵内部流场[J],水泵技术,2004.1
19. Sang-Joon Lee, Jung-Yeop Lee. PIV measurements of the wake behind a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures 24 (2008) 2-17.
20. T.Virdung,A.Rasmuson. Hydrodynamic properties of a turbulent confined solid-liquid jet evaluated using PIV and CFD[J]. Chemical Engineering Science 62 (2007) 5963-5978
21.陆霄露,邓康耀.采用激光诱导荧光法测量油膜厚度的研究[J],内燃机学报,2008,(01)。
22.孙田,苏万华,郭红松.应用激光诱导荧光法研究超高压喷雾气液相浓度场分布特性[J],内燃机学报,2007,(02)
23. Doug Frieden,Volker Sick. Investigation of the FuelInjection,Mixing and Combustion Processes in an SIDIEngine using Quasi-3D LIF Imaging[J].SAE Paper 2003-01-0068.2003.
24.温诗铸,杨沛然.弹性流体动力润滑[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1992.9
25.张鹏顺,陆思聪.弹性流体动力润滑及其应用[M],北京：高等教育出版社,1995
26.刘志全,葛培琪,李威,张鹏顺.弹流膜厚的测试方法及其特点[J],机械工程师,1996.2
27.李俊,游理华,李润方.弹流膜厚的测试方法述评[J],机械1998年第25卷第3期
28.张鹏顺,李曙光.弹流润滑状态测试的新方法—阻容振荡法[J],润滑与密封,1990,2
29.葛培琪,刘鸣,张鹏顺.弹流润滑油膜测试仪的研制[J],山东工业大学学报1997年6月,第27卷第2期.
30.王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
31.谭维炎.计算浅水动力学[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
32. S.V. Patanker, D.S.Spalding, A calculation processure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows. Int J Heat Mass Transfer,15:1787-1806,1972.
33.B.E.Launder, D.S.Spalding, Lectures in Mathematical Models of Turbulence[J]. Academic press, London,1972.
34. Fluent Inc., FLUENT User's Guide. Fluent Inc[M],2003.
35. V. Yakhot, S.A. Orzag, Remormalization group analysis of turbulence:basic theory[J]. J Scient Comput.1:3-11,1986.
36. T.H.Shih, W.W. Liou, A.Shabbir, Z.G.Yang, J.Zhu, A new k-ε eddy viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows[J]. Comput Fluid.24(3):227-238,1995.
37. Fluent Inc., Gambit Modeling Guide. Fluent Inc.,2003.
38.王瑞金,张凯,王刚.Fluent技术基础与应用实例[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2007.02.
39.林清安.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0零件设计基础篇(上)[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
40.林清安.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0零件设计基础篇(下)[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
41.赵玉新.Fluent教程[M],国防科技大学航天学院,2003.
42.张平等编著.MATLAB基础与应用简明教程[M],北京,北京航空航天大学出版社.
43.薛定宇,陈阳泉.高等应用数学问题的MATLAB求解[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005.08.
44.杨咸启.轴承系统温度场分析[J],轴承,1997,NO.3.
45.张建忠.微载荷含油轴承摩擦学性能研究[D],杭州：浙江大学博士论文,2005年7月.
2.胡邦喜.设备润滑基础(第二版)[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,2002,399
3.汪晓云,金龙.油雾润滑在轴承中的应用研究[J],武汉船舶职业技术学院学报,2004,(3)：20-21
4.黄屏.高速加工中心主轴轴承自发油雾漾滑[J],MC轴承,2005,(2-3)：96
5. Heinz. P. Bloch. Dual magnetic hermetic sealing devices for oil mist lubricated pumps and electric motors[J], WORLD PUMPS, August 2004,32-35
6.李文武.机泵轴承腔内油雾流场的数值模拟及润滑效果的研究[D],沈阳：东北大学硕士学位论文,2008
7.张淑华.油雾润滑中残雾回收的研究[D],沈阳：东北大学硕士学位论文,2006
8.刘至祥,谢天和,钱义刚,张长海,杨艳青.油雾润滑技术在炼化企业的应用[J],技术产品版,2006.03,23-25
9.任玉新,陈海听.计算流体力学基础[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2006年6月第一版.
10.阎超.计算流体力学方法及应用[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.6
11.范洁川.流动显示技术的若干现状与研究[J],气动实验与测量控制,1995.3,9(1),10-15
12.廖春明.柴油机喷雾场可视化研究及数值模拟[D],大连：大连理工大学,2006年12月.
13.杨敏官,高波,顾海飞,李辉.旋流式模型泵内部三维湍流场的测量[J],灌溉机械,2008年1月,第26卷第1期.
14.杨敏官,高波,刘栋,李辉,顾海飞.旋流泵内部液固两相流场的PDPA测量与分析[J],农业机械学报,2007年12月,第38卷第12期.
15.王成军,张宝诚,徐让书,李广平,刘凯,牛玲.PDPA在燃油雾化特性实验中的应用[J],沈阳航空工业学院学报,2005年4月,第22卷第2期.
16. C. Jonas Bolinder Bengt Sunden. Flow Visualization and LDV Measurements of Laminar Flow in a Helical Square Duct with Finite Pitch[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 1995; 11:348-363.
17.许联锋,陈刚,李建中,金上海.气液两相流动粒子成像测速技术(PIV)研究进展[J],水力发电学报,2004年12月,第23卷第6期.
18.梁爱国,龙新平,何培杰.应用PIV技术测量射流泵内部流场[J],水泵技术,2004.1
19. Sang-Joon Lee, Jung-Yeop Lee. PIV measurements of the wake behind a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures 24 (2008) 2-17.
20. T.Virdung,A.Rasmuson. Hydrodynamic properties of a turbulent confined solid-liquid jet evaluated using PIV and CFD[J]. Chemical Engineering Science 62 (2007) 5963-5978
21.陆霄露,邓康耀.采用激光诱导荧光法测量油膜厚度的研究[J],内燃机学报,2008,(01)。
22.孙田,苏万华,郭红松.应用激光诱导荧光法研究超高压喷雾气液相浓度场分布特性[J],内燃机学报,2007,(02)
23. Doug Frieden,Volker Sick. Investigation of the FuelInjection,Mixing and Combustion Processes in an SIDIEngine using Quasi-3D LIF Imaging[J].SAE Paper 2003-01-0068.2003.
24.温诗铸,杨沛然.弹性流体动力润滑[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1992.9
25.张鹏顺,陆思聪.弹性流体动力润滑及其应用[M],北京：高等教育出版社,1995
26.刘志全,葛培琪,李威,张鹏顺.弹流膜厚的测试方法及其特点[J],机械工程师,1996.2
27.李俊,游理华,李润方.弹流膜厚的测试方法述评[J],机械1998年第25卷第3期
28.张鹏顺,李曙光.弹流润滑状态测试的新方法—阻容振荡法[J],润滑与密封,1990,2
29.葛培琪,刘鸣,张鹏顺.弹流润滑油膜测试仪的研制[J],山东工业大学学报1997年6月,第27卷第2期.
30.王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
31.谭维炎.计算浅水动力学[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
32. S.V. Patanker, D.S.Spalding, A calculation processure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows. Int J Heat Mass Transfer,15:1787-1806,1972.
33.B.E.Launder, D.S.Spalding, Lectures in Mathematical Models of Turbulence[J]. Academic press, London,1972.
34. Fluent Inc., FLUENT User's Guide. Fluent Inc[M],2003.
35. V. Yakhot, S.A. Orzag, Remormalization group analysis of turbulence:basic theory[J]. J Scient Comput.1:3-11,1986.
36. T.H.Shih, W.W. Liou, A.Shabbir, Z.G.Yang, J.Zhu, A new k-ε eddy viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows[J]. Comput Fluid.24(3):227-238,1995.
37. Fluent Inc., Gambit Modeling Guide. Fluent Inc.,2003.
38.王瑞金,张凯,王刚.Fluent技术基础与应用实例[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2007.02.
39.林清安.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0零件设计基础篇(上)[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
40.林清安.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0零件设计基础篇(下)[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
41.赵玉新.Fluent教程[M],国防科技大学航天学院,2003.
42.张平等编著.MATLAB基础与应用简明教程[M],北京,北京航空航天大学出版社.
43.薛定宇,陈阳泉.高等应用数学问题的MATLAB求解[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005.08.
44.杨咸启.轴承系统温度场分析[J],轴承,1997,NO.3.
45.张建忠.微载荷含油轴承摩擦学性能研究[D],杭州：浙江大学博士论文,2005年7月.