我国欠发达地区发展对外贸易研究
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摘要
改革开放30多年来,我国的经济建设取得了巨大成就,但也出现了区域经济发展不平衡问题。针对欠发达地区与发达地区的差距不断拉大问题,近几年来我国大力实施区域经济协调发展战略,国家“十二五”规划和今年国家“两会”把这一战略摆上了更加突出的位置,进一步推进西部大开发和中部崛起。同时各省市,包括东部沿海发达省市,也出台了各方面的政策措施,促进辖区内欠发达地区加快发展,缩小差距。
我国发达地区的发展历程证明,加快对外开放,拓展国际市场,发展对外贸易,是实现经济又好又快发展的重要途径和强大动力；欠发达地区的实践也同样证明,加快发展对外贸易是加快经济发展的必然选择。
目前欠发达地区的对外贸易发展状况与经济发展状况一样,与发达地区也存在着很大的差距,这些差距是由地理、历史、环境、人才等多方面的不利因素造成的,而发达地区恰恰拥有这些方面的相对优势,并充分利用这些优势推动了对外贸易乃至整个经济的腾飞。但欠发达地区在资源、传统产业等方面也拥有自身的优势,可以充分利用比较优势,发挥后发优势,克服不利因素的制约,实现对外贸易和经济跨越式发展。
本文在我国推进区域经济协调发展的大背景下,着眼于欠发达地区对外贸易的发展,综合运用调研法、文献研究法、定量和定性分析等方法,以本人的家乡江苏省兴化市为例,并与江苏省发达地区昆山市相对比,尝试进行欠发达地区发展对外贸易的必要性研究、制约因素研究、有利条件研究和对策措施研究。
本文第一部分着重介绍相关国内外理论研究成果,这些成果都从不同角度证明了对外贸易对经济发展的积极作用,因而也间接证明了研究我国欠发达地区发展对外贸易的现实意义。第二部分通过数据和事实,分析我国欠发达地区对外贸易的基本现状和共同特点,主要是近几年来我国欠发达地区的对外贸易增速明显加快,但与发达地区相比还有很大差距,并有对外贸易规模偏小,外贸依存度偏低,出口方式单一,出口商品技术含量偏低等共同特点。第三部分进行欠发达地区发展对外贸易必要性的研究,通过建立对外贸易与经济增长量之间的一元线性回归模型,分别对昆山和兴化进行GDP与进出口之间的关系分析以及弹性测度分析,证明发展对外贸易与发展经济有着紧密的相关性,相互促进,共同发展,且在当前欠发达地区发展对外贸易的潜力更大,对经济发展的拉动作用更强。第四、第五部分力求全面深入地分析当前欠发达地区发展对外贸易的普遍制约因素和有利因素,包括地理、历史、环境、人才、资源、产业等各个方面,以提供决策依据。在此基础上,第六部分提出欠发达地区发展对外贸易的对策和建议,主要是加快承接发达地区的经济辐射和产业转移、加快传统产业转型升级、加快改进对外贸易发展模式、加快对外贸易市场信息化建设和加快专业人才队伍建设等。
Reform and opening up for more than30years, our country's economic construction has made great achievements, but appears the problems of imbalance in the development of the regional economy at the same time.To solve the problem of the widening gap between less developed areas and developed areas,in resent years,Our country Vigorously implements the coordinated development strategy about the region economy.National"125" plan and this year's two sessions have put the strategic place a more prominent position and further advance the development of the western region and the rise of the central region.At the same time,all provinces including the eastern developed coastal provinces and cities take all aspects of policy measures to promote the development of the underdeveloped areas within their jurisdiction t, to narrow the gap.
The development course of the developed areas in China proves that to speed up the opening up,to develop international market, and to develop foreign trade, is a Important way and Powerful dynamic to ensure sound and rapid economic development. And the practice of the less developed areas also prove, to speed up the development of foreign trade is a inevitable choice to accelerate the economic development.
Now due to unfavorable factors such as geography, history, environment, talent, there are big gasp between less developed areas and developed areas in foreign trade development status which is alike in economic development.Developed areas have these aspects of the relative advantages, and make full use of the advantages to promote the foreign trade and the entire economic takeoff. But less developed areas also have their own advantages such as in resources and in traditional industries,they can make full use of the comparative advantages to produce late advantages and overcome the disadvantage factors and at last to realize the foreign trade and economic great-leap-forward development.
In the background where our country promotes the coordinated development of regional economy, This paper focuses on the development of foreign trade in the less developed areas.The paper Comprehensively uses many methods such as research methods, the literature methodology, the quantitative and qualitative analysis method. I take my hometown XingHua in jiangsu province for an example, and compare xinghua with kunshan city in jiangsu province, to make the research of necessity, the research of restricting factors, the research of favorable conditions and countermeasures study about the development of foreign trade in less developed areas.
The first part of this paper emphatically introduces the related theoretical research results at home and abroad, these results prove that foreign trade plays important roles in the development of economy from different angles, which is also indirect evidence that the practical significance of the development of foreign trade in the developed area in our country. Through the typical data and facts,the second part analyses the basic present situation and common features of foreign trade in the less developed areas in China. The less developed areas in our country have quickened the development of foreign trade,but there is still a big gap beween the developed areas and the less developed areas. The less developed areas have some common features such as the small scale of foreign trade, the low degree of dependence on foreign trade.Through the establishment of the model about the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth,the third part researches the the necessity of the development of foreign trade.Based on the result of the model,the part qualitatively analyse the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth and quantitative evaluation bring qualitative analysis conclusion that the trade development and the economic development can have close contact and promote mutually and develop together. In part4and part5, we analyse the general confinement factors and favorable factors of less developed regions in the development of the international trade, including geography, history, environment, personnel, resources and industry, which will provides a basis for the next decision. Based on this, in part6, we give the developing regions suggestion about how to develop their international trade. It's mainly about optimizing the infrastructure, vigorously introducing all kinds of talents, accelerating the building of information networks, undertaking economic influence and industry transfer from developed region, expanding the international market of traditional industries, deepening the industrial structural adjustment and innovation of development model for the international trade.
我国发达地区的发展历程证明,加快对外开放,拓展国际市场,发展对外贸易,是实现经济又好又快发展的重要途径和强大动力；欠发达地区的实践也同样证明,加快发展对外贸易是加快经济发展的必然选择。
目前欠发达地区的对外贸易发展状况与经济发展状况一样,与发达地区也存在着很大的差距,这些差距是由地理、历史、环境、人才等多方面的不利因素造成的,而发达地区恰恰拥有这些方面的相对优势,并充分利用这些优势推动了对外贸易乃至整个经济的腾飞。但欠发达地区在资源、传统产业等方面也拥有自身的优势,可以充分利用比较优势,发挥后发优势,克服不利因素的制约,实现对外贸易和经济跨越式发展。
本文在我国推进区域经济协调发展的大背景下,着眼于欠发达地区对外贸易的发展,综合运用调研法、文献研究法、定量和定性分析等方法,以本人的家乡江苏省兴化市为例,并与江苏省发达地区昆山市相对比,尝试进行欠发达地区发展对外贸易的必要性研究、制约因素研究、有利条件研究和对策措施研究。
本文第一部分着重介绍相关国内外理论研究成果,这些成果都从不同角度证明了对外贸易对经济发展的积极作用,因而也间接证明了研究我国欠发达地区发展对外贸易的现实意义。第二部分通过数据和事实,分析我国欠发达地区对外贸易的基本现状和共同特点,主要是近几年来我国欠发达地区的对外贸易增速明显加快,但与发达地区相比还有很大差距,并有对外贸易规模偏小,外贸依存度偏低,出口方式单一,出口商品技术含量偏低等共同特点。第三部分进行欠发达地区发展对外贸易必要性的研究,通过建立对外贸易与经济增长量之间的一元线性回归模型,分别对昆山和兴化进行GDP与进出口之间的关系分析以及弹性测度分析,证明发展对外贸易与发展经济有着紧密的相关性,相互促进,共同发展,且在当前欠发达地区发展对外贸易的潜力更大,对经济发展的拉动作用更强。第四、第五部分力求全面深入地分析当前欠发达地区发展对外贸易的普遍制约因素和有利因素,包括地理、历史、环境、人才、资源、产业等各个方面,以提供决策依据。在此基础上,第六部分提出欠发达地区发展对外贸易的对策和建议,主要是加快承接发达地区的经济辐射和产业转移、加快传统产业转型升级、加快改进对外贸易发展模式、加快对外贸易市场信息化建设和加快专业人才队伍建设等。
Reform and opening up for more than30years, our country's economic construction has made great achievements, but appears the problems of imbalance in the development of the regional economy at the same time.To solve the problem of the widening gap between less developed areas and developed areas,in resent years,Our country Vigorously implements the coordinated development strategy about the region economy.National"125" plan and this year's two sessions have put the strategic place a more prominent position and further advance the development of the western region and the rise of the central region.At the same time,all provinces including the eastern developed coastal provinces and cities take all aspects of policy measures to promote the development of the underdeveloped areas within their jurisdiction t, to narrow the gap.
The development course of the developed areas in China proves that to speed up the opening up,to develop international market, and to develop foreign trade, is a Important way and Powerful dynamic to ensure sound and rapid economic development. And the practice of the less developed areas also prove, to speed up the development of foreign trade is a inevitable choice to accelerate the economic development.
Now due to unfavorable factors such as geography, history, environment, talent, there are big gasp between less developed areas and developed areas in foreign trade development status which is alike in economic development.Developed areas have these aspects of the relative advantages, and make full use of the advantages to promote the foreign trade and the entire economic takeoff. But less developed areas also have their own advantages such as in resources and in traditional industries,they can make full use of the comparative advantages to produce late advantages and overcome the disadvantage factors and at last to realize the foreign trade and economic great-leap-forward development.
In the background where our country promotes the coordinated development of regional economy, This paper focuses on the development of foreign trade in the less developed areas.The paper Comprehensively uses many methods such as research methods, the literature methodology, the quantitative and qualitative analysis method. I take my hometown XingHua in jiangsu province for an example, and compare xinghua with kunshan city in jiangsu province, to make the research of necessity, the research of restricting factors, the research of favorable conditions and countermeasures study about the development of foreign trade in less developed areas.
The first part of this paper emphatically introduces the related theoretical research results at home and abroad, these results prove that foreign trade plays important roles in the development of economy from different angles, which is also indirect evidence that the practical significance of the development of foreign trade in the developed area in our country. Through the typical data and facts,the second part analyses the basic present situation and common features of foreign trade in the less developed areas in China. The less developed areas in our country have quickened the development of foreign trade,but there is still a big gap beween the developed areas and the less developed areas. The less developed areas have some common features such as the small scale of foreign trade, the low degree of dependence on foreign trade.Through the establishment of the model about the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth,the third part researches the the necessity of the development of foreign trade.Based on the result of the model,the part qualitatively analyse the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth and quantitative evaluation bring qualitative analysis conclusion that the trade development and the economic development can have close contact and promote mutually and develop together. In part4and part5, we analyse the general confinement factors and favorable factors of less developed regions in the development of the international trade, including geography, history, environment, personnel, resources and industry, which will provides a basis for the next decision. Based on this, in part6, we give the developing regions suggestion about how to develop their international trade. It's mainly about optimizing the infrastructure, vigorously introducing all kinds of talents, accelerating the building of information networks, undertaking economic influence and industry transfer from developed region, expanding the international market of traditional industries, deepening the industrial structural adjustment and innovation of development model for the international trade.
引文
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[03]伯特尔·俄林.地区间贸易和国际贸易[M].北京：商务印书馆,1986：103.
[04]姚曾荫.国际贸易概论[M].北京：人民出版社,1987：56.
[05]许心礼.西方国际贸易新理论[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1987：10-11.
[06]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社,2002：65-122.
[07]Alexander Gerschenkron. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective [M].Harvard University Press,1962.
[08]韩薪雨.对外贸易与经济发展关系的文献研究[J].时代经贸,2008(5)：71-72.
[09]刘毅.对外贸易与经济增长关系文献综述[J].价格月刊,2010(12)：34-37.
[10]冯启文.对外贸易与中国经济发展[J].湖北教育学院学报,2003(7)：54-57.
[11]兰宜生,孔炯炯.贸易自由化与中国经济增长关系的实证分析[J].国际商务——对外经济贸易大学学报,2006, (3)：45-48.
[12]田素华,尹翔硕.论经济增长过程中的要素约束与发展对外贸易[J].复旦学报(社会科学版),2006(2)：26-27.
[13]胡勇.服务贸易对浙江经济增长影响的实证分析[J].亚太经济,2008,(6)：51-54.
[14]白雪飞,岳金梅.辽宁省对外贸易与经济增长关系的实证分析——基于协整理论和Granger因果关系检验[J].辽宁大学学报,2007,(1)：34-38.
[15]楼前飞.浙江、江苏两省对外贸易的比较与启示[J].中国商贸,2010 (5)：222-225.
[16]梁振.经济增长与对外贸易、港口规模的关系研究——基于宁波1989-2009年的实证分析[J].经济丛刊,2010(4)：46-48.
[17]唐红,陈元清.对外贸易与港口城市经济增长间互动关系的协整分析——以天津为例[J].中国物价,2010(3)：61-63.
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