面向CFD的轿车车身附件概念设计
摘要
本文主要讨论了在UG提供的平台上开发的“面向CFD的轿车车身附件概念设计”模块的软件开发工作。在工作中,综合运用了多种开发工具:C语言、UG/UIStyler、UG/Open等等。在最后,我们将CFD分析的结果进行对比,说明此模块软件的必要性及其作用。
本模块主要是针对车身设计初期,在车身附件一些条件已知的情况下,利用该模块快速完成车身附件的参数化建模,也具有指导意义的前期验证工作。以此为出发点,本文以轿车的外后视镜和尾翼为例,主要讨论了选题意义、模块的设计流程,结构的简化,用户界面和编辑功能的实现等工作。最后以实际数据和模块输出参数的对比验证了该模块的实用性。
Following internationalization of the automotive manufacture and individuation on the auto sale, development on new vehicle is coming to more important station. As is known to everyone, in the development of a new vehicle, most changes are focused on auto-body while chassis and engine often follow the mature technique. Domestic and foreign automobile production has been proven in practice,vehicle body depends on the development of production capacity, the vehicle replacement in a large extent determined by the body. Vehicle production capacity and the development of production capacity and depend on the vehicle, the vehicle replacement at the same time also to a large extent reflects directly on the vehicle. At the same time, to struggle against the drastic competition coming from the international market, every automotive manufacturer is trying to shorten the development cycle on new vehicle. To sum up, everyone is doing his best to develop and present new vehicle as fast as could with lowest cost.
In the traditional auto-body design flow, designers would spend lots of time and energy on reduplicative work between design project’s modification and validation. This is a kind of resources waste and the extended development time would even be viral for manufactures. Computer aided technique has brought designers and manufactures out of the embarrassment somewhat. Nowadays, cooperated design with computer aided technique has been implemented in both auto-body design and parts design. All manufactures want to launch products more quickly and cut down the development cost by shorten product development cycle, while designers hope that their design method is more convenient to update or verify the mechanics so that they could go forward quickly. But generally, there are three defects everyone would meet with:
High demand on designer’s professional knowledge and experience. To take CAD model creation of auto-body and airframe as example, designers must have an amount of interrelated knowledge and lots of experiences to finish the work on such complex structure. Besides these, they should also master a good skill on the CAD software operation to give a satisfied solution.
Lots of complicated manual operation. Because auto-body is such a complex structure, designers would do too much manual operation no matter in CAD or CAE situation. Given one parameter changed, a lot of correlative work would wait in the following sequence. So, even a skillful and experienced designer would waste his time on these repeated operations.
Hard to save and reuse knowledge and experience. A skillful and experienced designer often derived from long time effort and mass of resources. Once the designer left, his knowledge and experiences would follow him and left nothing for the replace. This is of course resources waste and apparently increases product’s development cost.
Based on discuss above, it could be said how to reuse knowledge is becoming more important. This is exactly what KBE (Knowledge based Engineer) tries to answer. UG provided by the fuzzy knowledge-driven automation design, engineering, geometric modeling and the line between programming.
Outside rearview mirror and a rear spoiler car body panels are the two most representative accessories subsystems, and related to the knowledge and the factors for consideration will be more, its modular system design and layout is a more troublesome work. So in the module prior to the development of a model to the corresponding simplification, here is mainly directed against CFD analysis. "Conceptual design of car body accessories towards CFD" is based on UG Knowledge Engineering, and the CFD analysis of a software module system. It can help the general design of a fast car body design of the accessories, so that they become simplified design, and rapid. There are three main advantages in the module:
Application of Wizard UI (User Interface): Wizard UI delivers knowledge on the system design into different“Steps”, designers could finish the design work following the UI steps even without knowing why. It loosens the requirement on designers’professional knowledge.
Easy for operation: Only work left for designers is selecting geometries and inputting parameters according the cue on step dialog. All other work such as calculation, measure and modeling is finished automatically behind UI. By reducing manual interactive, the module shortens development cycle greatly. In this "Conceptual design of car body accessories towards CFD" module, UGS provide a development platform Unit environment for completion.
Comprehensive use of the C language, UG / Open, UG / UIStyler and UG / Wizard UI, and other development tools. First designers to design requirements, and then by the author of the manual is given to the results of relevant amendments, and then from the revised design on the basis of a viable given the new design, through repeated changes to determine the final package. According to the software engineering development process, the completion of requirements specification (RS), the functional specification (FS) and Design Manual (DS), begin programming work. Finally, the correlative designers give the test on the module functionality.
This module for CFD, therefore, used some of aerodynamics knowledge. We have used their own development of the module, the accessories to the car body model made improvements to the CFD analysis, the results obtained and to improve before doing the corresponding comparison.
The development of the module follows UG/NX third-party development standards. Although only for the mirrors and the rear spoiler of the car body, it considers many factors. Based on the three reasons above, study and development of the module is typical and would be useful for the others associated development.
本模块主要是针对车身设计初期,在车身附件一些条件已知的情况下,利用该模块快速完成车身附件的参数化建模,也具有指导意义的前期验证工作。以此为出发点,本文以轿车的外后视镜和尾翼为例,主要讨论了选题意义、模块的设计流程,结构的简化,用户界面和编辑功能的实现等工作。最后以实际数据和模块输出参数的对比验证了该模块的实用性。
Following internationalization of the automotive manufacture and individuation on the auto sale, development on new vehicle is coming to more important station. As is known to everyone, in the development of a new vehicle, most changes are focused on auto-body while chassis and engine often follow the mature technique. Domestic and foreign automobile production has been proven in practice,vehicle body depends on the development of production capacity, the vehicle replacement in a large extent determined by the body. Vehicle production capacity and the development of production capacity and depend on the vehicle, the vehicle replacement at the same time also to a large extent reflects directly on the vehicle. At the same time, to struggle against the drastic competition coming from the international market, every automotive manufacturer is trying to shorten the development cycle on new vehicle. To sum up, everyone is doing his best to develop and present new vehicle as fast as could with lowest cost.
In the traditional auto-body design flow, designers would spend lots of time and energy on reduplicative work between design project’s modification and validation. This is a kind of resources waste and the extended development time would even be viral for manufactures. Computer aided technique has brought designers and manufactures out of the embarrassment somewhat. Nowadays, cooperated design with computer aided technique has been implemented in both auto-body design and parts design. All manufactures want to launch products more quickly and cut down the development cost by shorten product development cycle, while designers hope that their design method is more convenient to update or verify the mechanics so that they could go forward quickly. But generally, there are three defects everyone would meet with:
High demand on designer’s professional knowledge and experience. To take CAD model creation of auto-body and airframe as example, designers must have an amount of interrelated knowledge and lots of experiences to finish the work on such complex structure. Besides these, they should also master a good skill on the CAD software operation to give a satisfied solution.
Lots of complicated manual operation. Because auto-body is such a complex structure, designers would do too much manual operation no matter in CAD or CAE situation. Given one parameter changed, a lot of correlative work would wait in the following sequence. So, even a skillful and experienced designer would waste his time on these repeated operations.
Hard to save and reuse knowledge and experience. A skillful and experienced designer often derived from long time effort and mass of resources. Once the designer left, his knowledge and experiences would follow him and left nothing for the replace. This is of course resources waste and apparently increases product’s development cost.
Based on discuss above, it could be said how to reuse knowledge is becoming more important. This is exactly what KBE (Knowledge based Engineer) tries to answer. UG provided by the fuzzy knowledge-driven automation design, engineering, geometric modeling and the line between programming.
Outside rearview mirror and a rear spoiler car body panels are the two most representative accessories subsystems, and related to the knowledge and the factors for consideration will be more, its modular system design and layout is a more troublesome work. So in the module prior to the development of a model to the corresponding simplification, here is mainly directed against CFD analysis. "Conceptual design of car body accessories towards CFD" is based on UG Knowledge Engineering, and the CFD analysis of a software module system. It can help the general design of a fast car body design of the accessories, so that they become simplified design, and rapid. There are three main advantages in the module:
Application of Wizard UI (User Interface): Wizard UI delivers knowledge on the system design into different“Steps”, designers could finish the design work following the UI steps even without knowing why. It loosens the requirement on designers’professional knowledge.
Easy for operation: Only work left for designers is selecting geometries and inputting parameters according the cue on step dialog. All other work such as calculation, measure and modeling is finished automatically behind UI. By reducing manual interactive, the module shortens development cycle greatly. In this "Conceptual design of car body accessories towards CFD" module, UGS provide a development platform Unit environment for completion.
Comprehensive use of the C language, UG / Open, UG / UIStyler and UG / Wizard UI, and other development tools. First designers to design requirements, and then by the author of the manual is given to the results of relevant amendments, and then from the revised design on the basis of a viable given the new design, through repeated changes to determine the final package. According to the software engineering development process, the completion of requirements specification (RS), the functional specification (FS) and Design Manual (DS), begin programming work. Finally, the correlative designers give the test on the module functionality.
This module for CFD, therefore, used some of aerodynamics knowledge. We have used their own development of the module, the accessories to the car body model made improvements to the CFD analysis, the results obtained and to improve before doing the corresponding comparison.
The development of the module follows UG/NX third-party development standards. Although only for the mirrors and the rear spoiler of the car body, it considers many factors. Based on the three reasons above, study and development of the module is typical and would be useful for the others associated development.
引文
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[3] 洪如瑾. UG CAD 快速入门指导[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[4] 丁袆. 基于 KBE 及 DFM 的概念车身设计方法的研究及专用软件的开发[D]. 吉林大学博士论文. 2004.12
[5] 胡平,王成国,庄茁. 虚拟工程与科学[M]. 气象出版社. 2001.05
[6] 张琴译. UG/NX Solutions Inc(美). UG 相关参数化设计培训教程[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[7] 李开林,何方译. UG/NX Solutions Inc(美). UG 工业设计培训教程[M].清华大学出版社.2002.01
[8] 谷正气. 汽车空气动力学[M]. 人民交通出版署. 2005.08:1-10
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[11] 傅强. 轿车尾翼空气动力学分析[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文. 2007.06
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[20] 钱能. C++程序设计教程[M]. 清华大学出版社. 1999.04
[21] 董正卫,田立中. UG/OPEN API 编程基础[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.08.
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[24] Wang Jing-qi, Jin Chun-ning, Zhang Xiang-kui et al. Development and Integration of Kmas/One-Step with UG/NX, Journal of Jilin University Engineering and Technology Edition[J], vol.36,Supplement,2006,7: 60-64.
[25] Alex Pabiadzimski, Machael T.Reger. Unified Development Unit User Guide. EDS/PLM Solution[J]. 2003.04.
[26] 孔庆柱. 轿车外流场的数值模拟[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文. 2003.03
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[28] 陈焕明. 轿车外流场数值模拟的研究[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文.2003.03
[29] 候清富,郭岗. 软件工程实战基本功[M]. 人民邮电出版社. 2005.01
[30] 葛安林,任金东,黄金陵,龚梦泽. 汽车视野设计原理和方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报. 2002 年 4 月第 38 卷第 4 期
[31] 任金东,范子杰,黄金陵. 基于知识的汽车后视镜视野分析系统[J]. 汽车工程. 2006年(第 28 卷)第 2 期
[32] 陆静. 基于 KBE 的绳轮式玻璃升降器技术研究与软件开发[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文. 2007.02
[33] UG/NX Solutions Inc(美). UG 自由形状特征建模培训教程[M]. 龚勉译. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[34] 史野.基于知识的臂式车门玻璃升降器的 CAD 软件开发[D].吉林大学硕士论文.2007.02
[35] 张俊红,方卫宁,郭北苑. 机车后视镜安装及后视野校核方法的研究[J]. 铁道学报. 2002 年 10 月第 24 卷第 5 期
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[37] Wong.J.Y.Computer-aided Methods for Design Evaluation of Tracked Vehicles and Their Applications to Product Development[J]. 1999. International Journal of Vehicle Design. Vol. 22. No.1/2
[38] 汽车标准汇编(第六卷车身及附件)[M]. 中国汽车技术研究中心标准化研究所. 2000.06
[39] Bernd Gebhard Martin Rappl, Requirements Management for Automotive Systems Development[J], SAE 2000-01-0716
[40] Robert Gruszczynski,Software Engineering as Engineering[J], SAE 2000-01-0713
[41] J.L.Sullivan, M.M.Costic, W.han, Automotive Life Cycle Assessment[J], SAE 980467
[42] 靳春宁. A Study of Geometric Issue in CAD System for Car-body Parts Design[J], Journal of Jilin University, 2006 V36, SUPPL1
[43] 刘波. 基于知识的车身零部件参数化设计方法研究[J], 机械工程学报
[44] 靳春宁, Study of Automatically Modeling of Car Body Parts, International Journal of Automotive Technology[J], E2007019
[45] 靳春宁. 基于知识工程及面向制造设计的车身部件设计方法和技术[J]. 吉林大学学报工学版. 2006, 36(4):548-553
[46] 乐玉汉. 轿车车身设计[M]. 北京高等教育出版社, 2000
[47] 刘波. Study on the UGS/NX-based Design and Package System of Vehicle Body-side[J]. 吉林大学工大学报 2006. 36
[48] 中国汽车技术研究中心标准化研究所. 汽车标准汇编(4.车身及附件)[M]. 天津:中国汽车技术研究中心. 1986。
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[51] 吴亚良. 现代轿车车身设计[M]. 上海科学技术出版社. 2000。
[51] 张洪欣. 汽车设计[M]. 机械工业出版社. 1989.06
[52] Alex Pabiadzimski,Machael T.Reger. Unified Development Unit User Guide. EDS/PLM Solution[J]. 2003.04。
[53] 谭浩强. C 语言程序[M]. 清华大学出版社.1994.10.
[2] 郭竹亭,汽车车身设计[M]. 吉林科学技术出版社.1992.10:108-122
[3] 洪如瑾. UG CAD 快速入门指导[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[4] 丁袆. 基于 KBE 及 DFM 的概念车身设计方法的研究及专用软件的开发[D]. 吉林大学博士论文. 2004.12
[5] 胡平,王成国,庄茁. 虚拟工程与科学[M]. 气象出版社. 2001.05
[6] 张琴译. UG/NX Solutions Inc(美). UG 相关参数化设计培训教程[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[7] 李开林,何方译. UG/NX Solutions Inc(美). UG 工业设计培训教程[M].清华大学出版社.2002.01
[8] 谷正气. 汽车空气动力学[M]. 人民交通出版署. 2005.08:1-10
[9] 汽车工程手册.设计篇.汽车工程手册编辑委员会[M].人民交通出版社.2001.5:924-927
[10] 王昊. 汽车视野安全的研究与进展[J]. 江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版)第 22 卷第2 期. 2001.03
[11] 傅强. 轿车尾翼空气动力学分析[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文. 2007.06
[12] 史忠植. 知识工程[M]. 清华大学出版社. 1998
[13] Unigraphicis Solutions Inc(美). UG 知识熔接技术培训教程[M]. 王刚等译. 清华大学出版社. 2002.06
[14] 何新贵. 知识处理与专家系统[M]. 国防工业出版社
[15] 徐洁磐,马玉书,范明. 知识库系统导论[M]. 科学出版社. 2000
[16] 丁炜译. UG/NX Solutions Inc(美). UG 设计应用培训教程[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[17] 赵翠莲译. UG/NX Solutions Inc(美). UG 制图基础培训教程[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[18] 马秋成. UG CAD 实用教程[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[19] K. P. Kim and H. Huh .collapse analysis of an auto body structure by a finite element limit method[J].
[20] 钱能. C++程序设计教程[M]. 清华大学出版社. 1999.04
[21] 董正卫,田立中. UG/OPEN API 编程基础[M]. 清华大学出版社. 2002.08.
[22] 迟瑞丰. 概念车身智能化 CAE 分析——模态分析[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文. 2007.04
[23] 姜华. 基于KBE的交叉臂式车门玻璃升降器参数化建模技术及软件开发[D]. 吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2005
[24] Wang Jing-qi, Jin Chun-ning, Zhang Xiang-kui et al. Development and Integration of Kmas/One-Step with UG/NX, Journal of Jilin University Engineering and Technology Edition[J], vol.36,Supplement,2006,7: 60-64.
[25] Alex Pabiadzimski, Machael T.Reger. Unified Development Unit User Guide. EDS/PLM Solution[J]. 2003.04.
[26] 孔庆柱. 轿车外流场的数值模拟[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文. 2003.03
[27] 谷正气. 轿车车身[M]. 人民交通出版社. 2002.10:203-207,292-328
[28] 陈焕明. 轿车外流场数值模拟的研究[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文.2003.03
[29] 候清富,郭岗. 软件工程实战基本功[M]. 人民邮电出版社. 2005.01
[30] 葛安林,任金东,黄金陵,龚梦泽. 汽车视野设计原理和方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报. 2002 年 4 月第 38 卷第 4 期
[31] 任金东,范子杰,黄金陵. 基于知识的汽车后视镜视野分析系统[J]. 汽车工程. 2006年(第 28 卷)第 2 期
[32] 陆静. 基于 KBE 的绳轮式玻璃升降器技术研究与软件开发[D]. 吉林大学硕士论文. 2007.02
[33] UG/NX Solutions Inc(美). UG 自由形状特征建模培训教程[M]. 龚勉译. 清华大学出版社. 2002.01
[34] 史野.基于知识的臂式车门玻璃升降器的 CAD 软件开发[D].吉林大学硕士论文.2007.02
[35] 张俊红,方卫宁,郭北苑. 机车后视镜安装及后视野校核方法的研究[J]. 铁道学报. 2002 年 10 月第 24 卷第 5 期
[36] Detwiler.D,Computer-aided Structural Optimization of Automotive Body Structure[J]. 1996. SAE Paper 960523。
[37] Wong.J.Y.Computer-aided Methods for Design Evaluation of Tracked Vehicles and Their Applications to Product Development[J]. 1999. International Journal of Vehicle Design. Vol. 22. No.1/2
[38] 汽车标准汇编(第六卷车身及附件)[M]. 中国汽车技术研究中心标准化研究所. 2000.06
[39] Bernd Gebhard Martin Rappl, Requirements Management for Automotive Systems Development[J], SAE 2000-01-0716
[40] Robert Gruszczynski,Software Engineering as Engineering[J], SAE 2000-01-0713
[41] J.L.Sullivan, M.M.Costic, W.han, Automotive Life Cycle Assessment[J], SAE 980467
[42] 靳春宁. A Study of Geometric Issue in CAD System for Car-body Parts Design[J], Journal of Jilin University, 2006 V36, SUPPL1
[43] 刘波. 基于知识的车身零部件参数化设计方法研究[J], 机械工程学报
[44] 靳春宁, Study of Automatically Modeling of Car Body Parts, International Journal of Automotive Technology[J], E2007019
[45] 靳春宁. 基于知识工程及面向制造设计的车身部件设计方法和技术[J]. 吉林大学学报工学版. 2006, 36(4):548-553
[46] 乐玉汉. 轿车车身设计[M]. 北京高等教育出版社, 2000
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