三分量感应测井仪发射子系统设计与仿真研究
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摘要
在我国,各向异性地层所占的比例非常大,当用常规的感应测井仪来测量这些低阻产油层时常常会带来错误。
三分量感应测井仪改变了常规感应测井仪线圈布局的方式,可同时测量地层水平和垂直方向的电阻率,能够获得更加丰富的地层信息,使储层的评价更为准确。本文在分析三分量感应测井仪原理和特性的基础上,阐述了三分量感应测井仪发射子系统的设计思想和相关电路的设计方法。发射子系统是三分量感应测井仪中较为重要的子系统。本文将发射子系统划分为控制电路和信号预处理电路两大部分,并对其相关电路进行了具体的分析与设计。控制电路由发射控制器、时钟控制器、DC-DC电源、数字ADC/DSP和功率放大电路等5大部分构成。发射控制器是基于TMS320F2812和FPGA的复杂控制结构,它通过串口与接收部分进行通信,根据地面系统的命令来产生发射信号;时钟控制器控制整个电路工作的时序;发射信号经过滤波器滤波放大后,依照特定的时序被模拟开关选通后进入功率放大电路,成为激励发射线圈的信号。信号预处理电路的设计也是本文重点论述的内容之一,DC-DC电源将大直流信号转换为±75V的励磁电压;实时监测电路保证了电路的良好运行。
最后,通过pSpice对所设计的部分电路进行了仿真分析,证实了所设计的发射子系统相关电路的合理性与可行性。
In our country anisotropy formation shares a large proportion. When we use conventional induction logging instruments to measure these low-resistivity reservoir production,it often leads to error.
Tri-Axial Induction logging Tool(TAIT) has changed the way of coil layout method of the conventional induction logging tool,it can measure the level resistivity and the vertical resistivity of the formation at the same time,so it can obtain a more rich information about the formation and can make a more accurate assessment of reservoir.
Based on the analysis of the principle and characteristics of TAIT,this thesis have elaborated the design thinking and methods of transmitter subsystem of TAIT. Transmitter subsystem is a very important subsystem of TAIT. This thesis divide transmitter subsystem into a control circuit and signal pre-processing circuit,and give a concrete analysis and design about them. Control circuit is consisted with launch controller,clock controller,DC-DC power supply,digital ADC/DSP and power amplifier circuit. Launch controller is a complex structure,it communicates with the receiver through the serial port,and to generating transmit signal in accordance with command of the ground system. Clock controller controls the all timing of the circuit. Launch signal is filtered by Filter and amplified,then it will be gated into the power amplifier in accordance with specific timing of the analog switches,and becoming inspired signal to launch coil. The design of signal pre-processing circuit is also a important part of this article,DC-DC power supply turns the large DC to±75V to become inspired voltage. Real-time monitoring circuit has guaranteed the circuit to work well.
Finally,using pSpice to simulation part of circuits and analysis them,confirming the design of circuits about the launch subsystem are rationality and feasibility.
三分量感应测井仪改变了常规感应测井仪线圈布局的方式,可同时测量地层水平和垂直方向的电阻率,能够获得更加丰富的地层信息,使储层的评价更为准确。本文在分析三分量感应测井仪原理和特性的基础上,阐述了三分量感应测井仪发射子系统的设计思想和相关电路的设计方法。发射子系统是三分量感应测井仪中较为重要的子系统。本文将发射子系统划分为控制电路和信号预处理电路两大部分,并对其相关电路进行了具体的分析与设计。控制电路由发射控制器、时钟控制器、DC-DC电源、数字ADC/DSP和功率放大电路等5大部分构成。发射控制器是基于TMS320F2812和FPGA的复杂控制结构,它通过串口与接收部分进行通信,根据地面系统的命令来产生发射信号;时钟控制器控制整个电路工作的时序;发射信号经过滤波器滤波放大后,依照特定的时序被模拟开关选通后进入功率放大电路,成为激励发射线圈的信号。信号预处理电路的设计也是本文重点论述的内容之一,DC-DC电源将大直流信号转换为±75V的励磁电压;实时监测电路保证了电路的良好运行。
最后,通过pSpice对所设计的部分电路进行了仿真分析,证实了所设计的发射子系统相关电路的合理性与可行性。
In our country anisotropy formation shares a large proportion. When we use conventional induction logging instruments to measure these low-resistivity reservoir production,it often leads to error.
Tri-Axial Induction logging Tool(TAIT) has changed the way of coil layout method of the conventional induction logging tool,it can measure the level resistivity and the vertical resistivity of the formation at the same time,so it can obtain a more rich information about the formation and can make a more accurate assessment of reservoir.
Based on the analysis of the principle and characteristics of TAIT,this thesis have elaborated the design thinking and methods of transmitter subsystem of TAIT. Transmitter subsystem is a very important subsystem of TAIT. This thesis divide transmitter subsystem into a control circuit and signal pre-processing circuit,and give a concrete analysis and design about them. Control circuit is consisted with launch controller,clock controller,DC-DC power supply,digital ADC/DSP and power amplifier circuit. Launch controller is a complex structure,it communicates with the receiver through the serial port,and to generating transmit signal in accordance with command of the ground system. Clock controller controls the all timing of the circuit. Launch signal is filtered by Filter and amplified,then it will be gated into the power amplifier in accordance with specific timing of the analog switches,and becoming inspired signal to launch coil. The design of signal pre-processing circuit is also a important part of this article,DC-DC power supply turns the large DC to±75V to become inspired voltage. Real-time monitoring circuit has guaranteed the circuit to work well.
Finally,using pSpice to simulation part of circuits and analysis them,confirming the design of circuits about the launch subsystem are rationality and feasibility.
引文
[1]刘向阳,项建新,王琛等.第41届测井分析家年会论文摘要.测井与射孔, 2000, (4):67-83
[2] Sofia Davydycheva, Dean Homan, Gerald Minerbo.Triaxial induction tool with electrode sleeve:FD modeling in 3D geometries[J].Geophysics, 2009, 67(1):98-108
[3] O’Brien D P, Morrison H F. Electromagnetic Fields in an N-layer Anisotropic Half-space[J].Geophysics, 1967, 32(4):668-677
[4] Moran J H, Gianzero S. Effects of Formation Anisotropy on Resistivity logging Measurements[J].Geophysics, 1979, 44(7):1266-1286
[5] Stephane Graciet, Liang C Shen. Theory and Numerical Simulation of Induction and MWD Resistivity Tools in Anisotropic Dipping Beds[J].The Log Analyst, 1998, 39(1):24-37
[6] WANG Tsili, FANG Sheng.3-D electromagnetic anisotropy modeling using finite differences[J].Geophysics, 2001, 66(5):1386-1398
[7] Yu Liming, Rabinovich Michael, Tabarovsky Lev, etc.The Reduction of Near Zone Effects on the Multi-Component Induction Logging Tool.Proceedings SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2003, 639-644
[8] Lili Zhong, Jing Li, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, etc. Computation of Triaxial Induction Logging Tools in Layered Anisotropic Dipping Formations. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 2008, 46(4):1148-1163
[9] Mann J E.The importance of anisotropic conductivity in magnetotelluric interpretation[J].Geophysics, 1995, 70(12):2940-2942
[10]王健.多分量感应仪有助于低阻地层评价.测井解释, 2000, 13(6):245-250
[11] Stephen Prensky.Recent Developments in Logging Technology[J]. Petrophysics, 2002, 43(3):197-216
[12] Stefan Calvert,张文静(译).三分量阵列感应仪应用于西印度群岛特立尼达岛北海岸海相区域的油气田开发.测井与射孔, 2007, (1):48-53
[13]刘春雅.阵列感应测井技术发展状况综述.陕西国防工业职业技术学院学报, 2008, 18(2):23-25
[14] Anderson Barbara, Barber Tom, Leveridge Rob. Triaxial induction-A new angle for an old measurement. Oilfield Review, 2008, 20(2):64-84
[15] Hoque Eqramul, Tatsuoka Fumio.Triaxial testing system for measuring loading-rate effects during cyclic tests of sand. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2004, 27(5):483-495
[16]金鼎,王敬农,张辛耘等.中国石油测井技术态势及科技发展方向.测井技术, 2007, 31(2):95-98
[17]沈金松.用有限差分法计算各向异性介质中多分量感应测井的响应.地球物理学进展, 2004, 19(1):101-107
[18]沈金松,郭乃川.各向异性层状介质中视电阻率与磁场响应研究.地球物理学报, 2008, 51(5):1608-1619
[19]沈金松.用边有限元法计算三维各向异性介质的电磁响应.测井技术, 2004, 28(1):11-15
[20]王昌学,杨韦华,储昭坦等.多分量感应测井响应的交错网格有限差分法模拟.石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 29(3):35-40
[21]王昌学,杨韦华,覃世银等.垂直井多分量感应测井大型三维有限差分模拟.测井技术, 2003, 27(6):459-462
[22] Hongnian Wang, PomanSo, ShouwenYang, etc. Numerical Modeling of Multicomponent Induction Well-Logging Tools in the Cylindrically Stratified Anisotropic Media.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 2008, 46(4):1134-1147
[23]汪宏年,陶宏根,姚敬金等.用模式匹配算法研究层状各向异性倾斜地层中多分量感应测井响应.地球物理学报, 2008, 51(5):1591-1599
[24]党瑞荣,闫敏杰,谢雁.三分量感应测井的正反演理论及性能研究.石油物探, 2009, 48(2):195-198, 212
[25]闫敏杰,党瑞荣,袁阿明等.三分量感应测井系统的理论研究.石油仪器, 2009, 23(1):9-12
[26]党瑞荣,秦瑶,谢雁.三分量感应测井仪的线圈系结构设计.石油仪器, 2007, 21(1):27-28、31
[27]李舟波.钻井地球物理勘探(第三版)[M].北京:地质出版社, 2006
[28]党瑞荣,王洪淼,谢雁.三分量感应测井仪及其对各向异性地层的识别.地球物理学进展, 2006, 21(4):1238-1243
[29]党瑞荣,秦瑶,谢雁等.三分量感应测井系统研究.石油地球物理勘探, 2006, 41(4): 484-488
[30]秦瑶.三分量感应系统的反演理论与方法研究.西安石油大学硕士学位论文, 2007
[31]王昌学,周灿灿,储昭坦等.电性各向异性地层频率域电磁响应模拟.地球物理学报, 2006, 49(6):1873-1883
[32]陈大明,许晋华.基于DSP的任意波形发生器的设计.自动化与仪表, 2008, 10:62-65
[33] Kroupa V F.Discrete Spurious signal and back ground noise in direct digital frequency synthesizers.IEEE international Frequency Control Symposium, 1993
[34]周长林.阵列感应测井仪实时测控单元的研究与实现.解放军信息工程大学硕士学位论文, 2005
[35] [日]铃木雅臣.晶体管电路设计(上)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008
[36]李香林.功率放大电路的一种分析方法.维普资讯, 9-12
[37] [日]铃木雅臣.晶体管电路设计(下)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008
[38]姜禹强,康尔良,赵鹏.开关电源EMI滤波器的设计仿真.黑龙江水专学报, 2008, 35(4):71-73
[39] Hankaniemi M, Karppanen M, Suntio T.EMI-filter interactions in a buck converter. The 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006
[40]康华光.电子技术基础模拟部分(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1998
[41]朱军,李西钢,卢光跃等.感应测井发射频率的选择.石油仪器, 1997, 11(4):3-6
[42] Steven M.Sandler.开关电源PSpice和SPICE3应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007
[2] Sofia Davydycheva, Dean Homan, Gerald Minerbo.Triaxial induction tool with electrode sleeve:FD modeling in 3D geometries[J].Geophysics, 2009, 67(1):98-108
[3] O’Brien D P, Morrison H F. Electromagnetic Fields in an N-layer Anisotropic Half-space[J].Geophysics, 1967, 32(4):668-677
[4] Moran J H, Gianzero S. Effects of Formation Anisotropy on Resistivity logging Measurements[J].Geophysics, 1979, 44(7):1266-1286
[5] Stephane Graciet, Liang C Shen. Theory and Numerical Simulation of Induction and MWD Resistivity Tools in Anisotropic Dipping Beds[J].The Log Analyst, 1998, 39(1):24-37
[6] WANG Tsili, FANG Sheng.3-D electromagnetic anisotropy modeling using finite differences[J].Geophysics, 2001, 66(5):1386-1398
[7] Yu Liming, Rabinovich Michael, Tabarovsky Lev, etc.The Reduction of Near Zone Effects on the Multi-Component Induction Logging Tool.Proceedings SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2003, 639-644
[8] Lili Zhong, Jing Li, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, etc. Computation of Triaxial Induction Logging Tools in Layered Anisotropic Dipping Formations. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 2008, 46(4):1148-1163
[9] Mann J E.The importance of anisotropic conductivity in magnetotelluric interpretation[J].Geophysics, 1995, 70(12):2940-2942
[10]王健.多分量感应仪有助于低阻地层评价.测井解释, 2000, 13(6):245-250
[11] Stephen Prensky.Recent Developments in Logging Technology[J]. Petrophysics, 2002, 43(3):197-216
[12] Stefan Calvert,张文静(译).三分量阵列感应仪应用于西印度群岛特立尼达岛北海岸海相区域的油气田开发.测井与射孔, 2007, (1):48-53
[13]刘春雅.阵列感应测井技术发展状况综述.陕西国防工业职业技术学院学报, 2008, 18(2):23-25
[14] Anderson Barbara, Barber Tom, Leveridge Rob. Triaxial induction-A new angle for an old measurement. Oilfield Review, 2008, 20(2):64-84
[15] Hoque Eqramul, Tatsuoka Fumio.Triaxial testing system for measuring loading-rate effects during cyclic tests of sand. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2004, 27(5):483-495
[16]金鼎,王敬农,张辛耘等.中国石油测井技术态势及科技发展方向.测井技术, 2007, 31(2):95-98
[17]沈金松.用有限差分法计算各向异性介质中多分量感应测井的响应.地球物理学进展, 2004, 19(1):101-107
[18]沈金松,郭乃川.各向异性层状介质中视电阻率与磁场响应研究.地球物理学报, 2008, 51(5):1608-1619
[19]沈金松.用边有限元法计算三维各向异性介质的电磁响应.测井技术, 2004, 28(1):11-15
[20]王昌学,杨韦华,储昭坦等.多分量感应测井响应的交错网格有限差分法模拟.石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 29(3):35-40
[21]王昌学,杨韦华,覃世银等.垂直井多分量感应测井大型三维有限差分模拟.测井技术, 2003, 27(6):459-462
[22] Hongnian Wang, PomanSo, ShouwenYang, etc. Numerical Modeling of Multicomponent Induction Well-Logging Tools in the Cylindrically Stratified Anisotropic Media.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 2008, 46(4):1134-1147
[23]汪宏年,陶宏根,姚敬金等.用模式匹配算法研究层状各向异性倾斜地层中多分量感应测井响应.地球物理学报, 2008, 51(5):1591-1599
[24]党瑞荣,闫敏杰,谢雁.三分量感应测井的正反演理论及性能研究.石油物探, 2009, 48(2):195-198, 212
[25]闫敏杰,党瑞荣,袁阿明等.三分量感应测井系统的理论研究.石油仪器, 2009, 23(1):9-12
[26]党瑞荣,秦瑶,谢雁.三分量感应测井仪的线圈系结构设计.石油仪器, 2007, 21(1):27-28、31
[27]李舟波.钻井地球物理勘探(第三版)[M].北京:地质出版社, 2006
[28]党瑞荣,王洪淼,谢雁.三分量感应测井仪及其对各向异性地层的识别.地球物理学进展, 2006, 21(4):1238-1243
[29]党瑞荣,秦瑶,谢雁等.三分量感应测井系统研究.石油地球物理勘探, 2006, 41(4): 484-488
[30]秦瑶.三分量感应系统的反演理论与方法研究.西安石油大学硕士学位论文, 2007
[31]王昌学,周灿灿,储昭坦等.电性各向异性地层频率域电磁响应模拟.地球物理学报, 2006, 49(6):1873-1883
[32]陈大明,许晋华.基于DSP的任意波形发生器的设计.自动化与仪表, 2008, 10:62-65
[33] Kroupa V F.Discrete Spurious signal and back ground noise in direct digital frequency synthesizers.IEEE international Frequency Control Symposium, 1993
[34]周长林.阵列感应测井仪实时测控单元的研究与实现.解放军信息工程大学硕士学位论文, 2005
[35] [日]铃木雅臣.晶体管电路设计(上)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008
[36]李香林.功率放大电路的一种分析方法.维普资讯, 9-12
[37] [日]铃木雅臣.晶体管电路设计(下)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008
[38]姜禹强,康尔良,赵鹏.开关电源EMI滤波器的设计仿真.黑龙江水专学报, 2008, 35(4):71-73
[39] Hankaniemi M, Karppanen M, Suntio T.EMI-filter interactions in a buck converter. The 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006
[40]康华光.电子技术基础模拟部分(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1998
[41]朱军,李西钢,卢光跃等.感应测井发射频率的选择.石油仪器, 1997, 11(4):3-6
[42] Steven M.Sandler.开关电源PSpice和SPICE3应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007