面向精细农业的无线传感器网络关键技术研究
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摘要
农田是不可增长的自然资源,如何在有限的农田资源基础上,借助先进的科技手段提高农田的生产效率、经济效益与环境效益已经成为我国必须解决的重大课题。以信息技术与农业技术融合为特点的“精细农业”技术成为解决以上问题的关键,而利用无线传感器网络(WSN)技术进行农田信息采集与管理,是目前农业信息技术研究的热点。
无线传感器网络技术集传感器技术、微机电系统技术(MEMS)、无线通信技术、嵌入式计算技术和分布式信息处理技术于一体,具有易布置、易控制、低功耗、通信灵活、低成本等特点。与传统的公网通信技术不同,无线传感器网络是面向应用的、以任务或数据为中心的无线网络技术,无法找到应对各种不同应用领域的统一架构。因此,需要依据不同应用领域和相关需求,设计优化、适用的无线网络结构,并研究相应的组网技术、能量管理、数据管理与融合方法等。
精细农业应用具有作物类型与地势多样、天气状况复杂、监测面积大、传感器节点数量多、各节点往往配置多源信息(各种土壤属性、环境属性与作物生长信息等)、农作物生长周期长等特点,这些特点为面向精细农业的无线传感器网络技术研究带来了挑战。本论文以良好的环境适应性、低功耗、低成本、标准化为目标,以设施农业与大田两种应用对象,研究了面向精细农业的无线传感器网络关键技术,包括网络结构、组网方式、节点定位方法、数据融合方法、能量快速自给与节能策略,并介绍了无线传感器网络系统性能评价方法、面向物联网的中间件设计方法、通用节点软硬件设计方法与典型应用系统。主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)首先从农业应用环境对无线信道传播特性的影响出发,分别对裸地、平地和山地进行了实验,建立了无线信道传播损耗模型,为无线传感器网络的组织结构、组网方式与不同应用环境的节点部署方法提供了依据。
(2)对面向精细农业的无线传感器网络组织结构和组网方式进行了研究。针对设施农业与大田的实际应用环境,设计了无线传感器网络系统架构,提出了分簇有限自组网的组网方式,并设计了双链交叉通信的通信方式。
(3)面向大田应用,提出用改进的DV-Hop算法对节点进行定位,利用该算法采用四边测距方式定位节点位置。针对农业多源信息WSN终端节点,设计了基于太阳能MPPT的能量快速自给方法,并设计了传感器间歇采样、深度休眠的工作方式,有效增加了节点的供电可靠性。
(4)数据融合是农业无线传感器网络系统的重要支撑技术,本文运用了基于空间相关性的压缩感知理论对节点数据进行融合；采用压缩感知理论,减少了数据的传输量,有效地降低了节点能耗。
(5)目前,尚无面向精细农业的无线传感器网络系统行业标准,本文在上述研究的基础上,设计了网络服务质量目标驱动的农业无线传感器网络系统评价策略与评价方法,为面向精细农业的无线传感器网络系统行业标准的建立提供参考。
(6)针对农业无线传感器网络系统低成本、标准化与方便数据管理的需要,设计了面向农业物联网的WSN中间件,并开发了软硬件系统,针对大田灌溉、设施栽培环境监控等进行了应用示范,结果表明,本文设计的无线传感器网络技术较好地满足了精细农业应用需求,软硬件皆方便系统集成,适合标准化需求与大规模推广。
Farmland is the natural resources which is not growth, improve the production efficiency of farmland, economic benefits and environmental benefits has become the significant problems need to solve of our country with the help of advanced technology means based on the limited farmland resources. At present,"precision agriculture" technology which with modern information technology and agricultural technology fusion as characteristics becomes one of the key supporting technologies to solve the above problems, and the use of wireless sensor network technology for farmland information collection and management, is the hot spot in the study of agricultural information technology.
Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is connect Sensor technology、Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)、Embedded computing technology and Distributed information processing technology together, Is easy to decorate, flexible control, low power consumption, convenient communication, low cost, etc. Different with the traditional public network communication technology, it is hard to find the complete reunification of the networking technology to deal with all sorts of different applications because of WSN is centered on the task or data. Therefore, It is necessary to design optimization, application of wireless network structure for different application areas and related requirements. And studies the corresponding networking technology, energy management, data management and integration methods.
Precision agriculture application has the following features:Crop types and diverse topography、weather conditions complex, monitoring area is large、the sensor node number each node often configuration multi-source information (all kinds of soil properties, environmental attribute and crop growth information, etc.), crop growth cycle is longer, These characteristics of precision agriculture for wireless sensor network system application take challenges. In this paper be aim to good environment adaptability, low power consumption, low cost, standard, consider facility agriculture and two kinds of application objects in open field, studied key technologies of WSN of agriculture, including network structure, network mode, the node positioning method, method of data fusion, energy self-sufficiency and energy conservation strategy, and introduced the system performance evaluation method for WSN, the middleware design method for IOT, the general node software and hardware design method and the typical application systems. The main research contents and results were as follows:
1. Firstly, experiments are respectively carried out on the bare ground, plains and mountain, starting from agricultural application environment on the wireless channel propagation characteristics, and established the wireless channel propagation loss model. It provides the basis for wireless sensor network organization structure, Network mode and methods for different application environment of nodes deployed.
2. Discuss the network structure and network mode of precision agriculture WSN. Design the system architecture of wireless sensor network in view of the field and the practical application of facilities agriculture environment. The system adopts the limited since the network with cluster. And cross double chain communication way of communication is adopted.
3. Use the improved DV-Hop algorithm to positioning nodes, this algorithm uses the four sides ranging positioning for the location node in field application. Design the energy supply method based on MPPT for agricultural multi-source information WSN terminal node, adopting solar energy combined with rechargeable lithium batteries, sensors work in intermittent sampling, deep sleep mode, can supply of energy rapidly.
4. Data processing is an important part of agriculture WSN; Use compressed sensing theory based on space-time correlation to the network data fusion. It can reduce the transmission of data, and reduce the energy consumption effectively.
5. At present, there is no wireless sensor network system industry standard for precision agriculture. In this paper designed agricultural wireless sensor network system evaluation strategies and evaluation method as the goal of the power and the power and quality of service based on the study of the above,it provide the reference for Wireless sensor network system industry standard used for precision agriculture.
6. Finally, In order to deal with agricultural standardization of WSN working in low cost, and convenient data management needs. Design the middleware for IOT, and develops the software and hardware system for Irrigation in open field cultivation environment and facilities. The results show that the design of WSN technology is meet the demand of the application of precision agriculture, both of Hardware and software is convenient for system integration, Suitable for standardized requirements and large-scale promotion.
无线传感器网络技术集传感器技术、微机电系统技术(MEMS)、无线通信技术、嵌入式计算技术和分布式信息处理技术于一体,具有易布置、易控制、低功耗、通信灵活、低成本等特点。与传统的公网通信技术不同,无线传感器网络是面向应用的、以任务或数据为中心的无线网络技术,无法找到应对各种不同应用领域的统一架构。因此,需要依据不同应用领域和相关需求,设计优化、适用的无线网络结构,并研究相应的组网技术、能量管理、数据管理与融合方法等。
精细农业应用具有作物类型与地势多样、天气状况复杂、监测面积大、传感器节点数量多、各节点往往配置多源信息(各种土壤属性、环境属性与作物生长信息等)、农作物生长周期长等特点,这些特点为面向精细农业的无线传感器网络技术研究带来了挑战。本论文以良好的环境适应性、低功耗、低成本、标准化为目标,以设施农业与大田两种应用对象,研究了面向精细农业的无线传感器网络关键技术,包括网络结构、组网方式、节点定位方法、数据融合方法、能量快速自给与节能策略,并介绍了无线传感器网络系统性能评价方法、面向物联网的中间件设计方法、通用节点软硬件设计方法与典型应用系统。主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)首先从农业应用环境对无线信道传播特性的影响出发,分别对裸地、平地和山地进行了实验,建立了无线信道传播损耗模型,为无线传感器网络的组织结构、组网方式与不同应用环境的节点部署方法提供了依据。
(2)对面向精细农业的无线传感器网络组织结构和组网方式进行了研究。针对设施农业与大田的实际应用环境,设计了无线传感器网络系统架构,提出了分簇有限自组网的组网方式,并设计了双链交叉通信的通信方式。
(3)面向大田应用,提出用改进的DV-Hop算法对节点进行定位,利用该算法采用四边测距方式定位节点位置。针对农业多源信息WSN终端节点,设计了基于太阳能MPPT的能量快速自给方法,并设计了传感器间歇采样、深度休眠的工作方式,有效增加了节点的供电可靠性。
(4)数据融合是农业无线传感器网络系统的重要支撑技术,本文运用了基于空间相关性的压缩感知理论对节点数据进行融合；采用压缩感知理论,减少了数据的传输量,有效地降低了节点能耗。
(5)目前,尚无面向精细农业的无线传感器网络系统行业标准,本文在上述研究的基础上,设计了网络服务质量目标驱动的农业无线传感器网络系统评价策略与评价方法,为面向精细农业的无线传感器网络系统行业标准的建立提供参考。
(6)针对农业无线传感器网络系统低成本、标准化与方便数据管理的需要,设计了面向农业物联网的WSN中间件,并开发了软硬件系统,针对大田灌溉、设施栽培环境监控等进行了应用示范,结果表明,本文设计的无线传感器网络技术较好地满足了精细农业应用需求,软硬件皆方便系统集成,适合标准化需求与大规模推广。
Farmland is the natural resources which is not growth, improve the production efficiency of farmland, economic benefits and environmental benefits has become the significant problems need to solve of our country with the help of advanced technology means based on the limited farmland resources. At present,"precision agriculture" technology which with modern information technology and agricultural technology fusion as characteristics becomes one of the key supporting technologies to solve the above problems, and the use of wireless sensor network technology for farmland information collection and management, is the hot spot in the study of agricultural information technology.
Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is connect Sensor technology、Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)、Embedded computing technology and Distributed information processing technology together, Is easy to decorate, flexible control, low power consumption, convenient communication, low cost, etc. Different with the traditional public network communication technology, it is hard to find the complete reunification of the networking technology to deal with all sorts of different applications because of WSN is centered on the task or data. Therefore, It is necessary to design optimization, application of wireless network structure for different application areas and related requirements. And studies the corresponding networking technology, energy management, data management and integration methods.
Precision agriculture application has the following features:Crop types and diverse topography、weather conditions complex, monitoring area is large、the sensor node number each node often configuration multi-source information (all kinds of soil properties, environmental attribute and crop growth information, etc.), crop growth cycle is longer, These characteristics of precision agriculture for wireless sensor network system application take challenges. In this paper be aim to good environment adaptability, low power consumption, low cost, standard, consider facility agriculture and two kinds of application objects in open field, studied key technologies of WSN of agriculture, including network structure, network mode, the node positioning method, method of data fusion, energy self-sufficiency and energy conservation strategy, and introduced the system performance evaluation method for WSN, the middleware design method for IOT, the general node software and hardware design method and the typical application systems. The main research contents and results were as follows:
1. Firstly, experiments are respectively carried out on the bare ground, plains and mountain, starting from agricultural application environment on the wireless channel propagation characteristics, and established the wireless channel propagation loss model. It provides the basis for wireless sensor network organization structure, Network mode and methods for different application environment of nodes deployed.
2. Discuss the network structure and network mode of precision agriculture WSN. Design the system architecture of wireless sensor network in view of the field and the practical application of facilities agriculture environment. The system adopts the limited since the network with cluster. And cross double chain communication way of communication is adopted.
3. Use the improved DV-Hop algorithm to positioning nodes, this algorithm uses the four sides ranging positioning for the location node in field application. Design the energy supply method based on MPPT for agricultural multi-source information WSN terminal node, adopting solar energy combined with rechargeable lithium batteries, sensors work in intermittent sampling, deep sleep mode, can supply of energy rapidly.
4. Data processing is an important part of agriculture WSN; Use compressed sensing theory based on space-time correlation to the network data fusion. It can reduce the transmission of data, and reduce the energy consumption effectively.
5. At present, there is no wireless sensor network system industry standard for precision agriculture. In this paper designed agricultural wireless sensor network system evaluation strategies and evaluation method as the goal of the power and the power and quality of service based on the study of the above,it provide the reference for Wireless sensor network system industry standard used for precision agriculture.
6. Finally, In order to deal with agricultural standardization of WSN working in low cost, and convenient data management needs. Design the middleware for IOT, and develops the software and hardware system for Irrigation in open field cultivation environment and facilities. The results show that the design of WSN technology is meet the demand of the application of precision agriculture, both of Hardware and software is convenient for system integration, Suitable for standardized requirements and large-scale promotion.
引文
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