肿瘤细胞耐药性与超微弱发光关系的初步研究
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摘要
任何有生命的物质都可以辐射出一种极其微弱的光子流，这种现象称为生物超微弱发光(ultraweak bioluminescence)，亦被称为生物系统超微弱光子辐射(ultraweak photon emission from bioluminescence)、自发发光(spontaneous luminescence)。其发光强度非常弱，仅为10-10~4 Photons／cm~2·s的超微弱光子流，波长范围200～800hm。生物超微弱发光通常包括两大部分，一种为自发的生物化学发光，和氧化代谢有关；另一种为外因诱导的发光，与光、电离辐射、超声、化学药物等有关。大量研究表明，生物光子辐射与生物系统的氧化代谢，细胞分裂和死亡，尤其是肿瘤的发生发展有关。临床实践证明，恶性肿瘤化疗失败的重要原因是肿瘤细胞的耐药性，这一研究领域的多药耐药(Multidrug Resistance，MDR)问题已受到普遍重视。免疫组化、分子生物学方法的应用在一定程度上反映肿瘤细胞耐药性的产生情况，但目前仍缺乏可靠的检测肿瘤化疗药物敏感性和耐药性的方法和指标。超微弱发光为解决这一问题提供了新的可能。
All living organisms can emit a very weak photon emission. It was called ultraweak bioluminescence. It has other names, such as ultraweak photon emission from bioluminescence or spontaneous
luminescence. It's intensity is very weak, only 10-10~4 Photons/ cm~2 · s,
wavelength is 200~800nm. Ultraweak bioluminescence includes two parts: One is spontaneous biochemiluminescence, it is related to oxidative metabolism. The other is inductive luminescence, it is related to light, ionising radiation, hypersound and chemicals. Many researches indicated that ultraweak photon emission has relationship with many events, such as oxidative metabolism of biosystem, cell division and cell death, especially, it has a close connection with tumor formation and development. Clinical practice showed that the important reason of chemotherapy failure on malignant tumor was drug-resistance of tumor cell. In this field, multidrug resistance has
All living organisms can emit a very weak photon emission. It was called ultraweak bioluminescence. It has other names, such as ultraweak photon emission from bioluminescence or spontaneous
luminescence. It's intensity is very weak, only 10-10~4 Photons/ cm~2 · s,
wavelength is 200~800nm. Ultraweak bioluminescence includes two parts: One is spontaneous biochemiluminescence, it is related to oxidative metabolism. The other is inductive luminescence, it is related to light, ionising radiation, hypersound and chemicals. Many researches indicated that ultraweak photon emission has relationship with many events, such as oxidative metabolism of biosystem, cell division and cell death, especially, it has a close connection with tumor formation and development. Clinical practice showed that the important reason of chemotherapy failure on malignant tumor was drug-resistance of tumor cell. In this field, multidrug resistance has
引文
1 李淑丽，郑新亮，任兆玉．生物超微弱发光研究进展．激光杂志，2004，25(4)：4—6
2 Lorico A, Nesland J, Emilsen E, Fodstad O, Rappa G Role of the multidrug resistance protein 1 gene in the carcinogenicity of aflatoxinB1:investigations using mrpl-null mice.Toxicology. 2002,28; 171 (2-3):201-205
3 Nies AT, Konig J, Pfarmschmidt M, Klar E, Hofmann W-J, Keppler D. Expression of multidrug resistance proteins MRP2 and MRP3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.hat J Cancer.2001, 15;94(4):492-499
4 Gurwitsch A.G, Grabje S, Salkind S. Die Natur des spezifischen Erregers der Zellteilung. Arch. Entw. Mech. 100 1923, 11-40
5 Hollaender A, Klaus W, An experimental study of the problem of mitogenetic radiation. Bull. Nat. Res. Council 100 1937, 3-96
6 Konev S.V, Lyskova T.I, Nisenbaum G.D, Very weak bioluminescence of cells in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum and its biological role. Biophysics 11 1966, 410-413
7 Popov G.A, Tarusov B.N, Nature of spontaneous luminescence of animal tissues. Biophysics 8 1963, 372
8 Zhuravlev A.I, Tsvylev O.P, Zubkova S.M, Spontaneous endogeneous ultraweak luminescence of the mitochondria of the rat liver in conditions of normal metabolism. Biophysics 18 1973, 11019 Quickenden T.I, Que-Hee S.S, The spectral distribution of the luminescence emitted during growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its relationship to mitogenetic radiation. Photochem. Photobiol. 23 1976, 201-204
10 Inaba H, Shimizu Y, Tsuji Y, Yamagishi A, Photon counting spectral analyzing system of extra-weak chemi and bioluminescence for biochemical applications. Photochem. Photobiol. 30 (1979), 169-175
11 Chang J.J, Fisch J, Popp EA. Biophotons, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston 1998
12 Chwirot W.B, Cilento G, Gurwitsch A.A, Inaba H, Nagl W, Popp EA, Schamhart D.H.J, Multi-author review on biophoton emission. K.H. Li, M. Mei, R. Galle, J. Neurohr, J. Slawinski, R.V. Van Wijk Experientia 44 (1988), 543-600
13 Hideg E, Inaba H, Biophoton emission ultraweak photon emission from dark adapted spinach chloroplasts. Photochem. Photobiol. 53 (1991), 137-142
14 Slawinska D, Slawinski J, Biological chemiluminescence. Photochem. Photobiol. 37 (1983), 709-715
15 Panagopoulos I, Bornman J.F, (?) L.O, Effects of ultraviolet radiation and visible light on growth, fluorescence induction, ultraweak luminescence and peroxidase activity in sugar beet plants. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 8 (1990), 73-87
16 Van Wijk R, Van Aken H, Spontaneous and light-induced photon emission by rat and by hepatoma cells. Cell Biophys.18 (1991), 15-29
17 Scholz W, Staszkiewicz U, Popp F.A, Nagl W, Light-stimulated ultra-weak photon reemission of human amnion cells and wish cells. Cell Biophys. 13 (1988), 55-63
18 Grasso F, Grillo C, Musumeci F, Triglia A, Rodolico G., Cammisuli F, Rinzivillo C, Fragati G, Santuccio A, Rodolic M, Photon emission from normal and tumor human tissues. Experientia 48 (1992), 10-13
19 Nagl W, Popp F.A, A physical (electromagnetic) model of differentiation. Basic considerations. Cytobios 37 (1983), 45-62
20 Birks J.B, Excimers. Rep. Progr. Phys. 38 (1975), 903-974
21 Applegate L.A, Scaletta C, Panizzon R, Niggli H, Frenk E, In vivo induction of pyrimidine dimers in human skin by UVA radiaition: initiation of cell damage and/or intercellular communication?. Int. J. Mol. Med. 3 (1999), 467-472
22 Niggli H.J, Artificial sunlight irradiation induces ultraweak photon emission in human skin fibroblasts. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 18 (1993), 281-285
23 Eller M.S, Yaar M, Gilchrest B.A, DNA damage and melanogenesis. Nature 372 (1994), 413-414
24 Tilbury R.N, Slawinski J, Ezzahir A, Godlewski M, Kwiecinska T, Rajfur Z, Sitko D, Wienzuchowska D, Kochel B, Gu Q, Popp F.A, Lilius E.M, Marnila P, Van Wijk R, Van Aken J.M, Multi-author review on biophoton emission, stress and disease. Experientia 48 (1992), 1029-1102
25 Niggli H.J, UV-induced DNA damage and repair: a powerful light trapping system in dna in order to convert light energy into biochemical signals. In: J.J. Chang, J. Fisch and F.A. Popp, Editors, Biophotons, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1998, 9-86
26 Niggli H.J, The cell nucleus of cultured melanoma cells as a source of ultraweak photon emission. Naturwissenschaften 83 1996, 41-44
27 Cohen.S, Popp.FA, Biophoton emission of human body.Indian Journal Experimental Biology. 2003, 41 (5):440-445
28 Niggli HJ, Tudisco S, Privitera G, Applegate LA, Scordino A, Musumeci F, Laser-ultraviolet-A-induced ultraweak photon emission in mammalian cells.2005,10(2)
29 周禾，杨起简．生物发光与生物超微弱发光．北京农学院学报，1995，10(2)：84—93
30 王维江，韩俊英．生物超弱发光机制及其检测方法研究[J]．广东工业大学学报，2000，17(1)：49-54
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32 顾樵．生物系统的超弱光子辐射[J]．量子电学，1994，5(2)：97-108
33 张尔贤．发光分析的理论及应用．中国生化药物杂志，1994，15(2)：148—152
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36 孙存普，张建中，段绍瑾．自由基生物学导论．中国科学技术出版社，1999，15—17
37 Valko M, Izakovic M, Mazur M, Rhodes C.J, Telser J. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 266 (2004), 37-56
38 Halliwell B, Gutteddge J.M.C, Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press (1999)
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42 Nooter K, Sonneveld P. Clinical relevance of p-glycoprotein expression in haematological malignancies. Leuk Res,1994, 18(4):233
43 杨纯正，刘淑仪．肿瘤耐药基因表达的临床意义及其逆转研究．中国肿瘤，2001，10(3)：132-136
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45 Kazuya E, Yoshihiko M, Yuji I, Multidrug resistance associated protein expression in clinical gastric carcinoma. Cancer, 1996, 77(8): 1681-1687
46 Zwelling LA, Mayes J, Deisseroth K, A restriction fragment length polymorphism for human topoisomerase Ⅱ:possible relationship to drug resistance. Cancer commun, 1990, 2: 357
47 Cole SP, Bhardwaj G, Gerlach JH.Overexpression of a transporter gene in a multidrug-resistant human lung cancer cell line. Science, 1992, 258: 1650
48 Schneider E,Horton JK, Yang CH.Multidrug resistance-associated protein gene overexpression and reduced drug sensitivity of topoisomerase Ⅱ in a human breast carcinoma MCF7 cell line selected for etoposide resistance. Cancer Research, 1994, 54: 152
49 王宝成，郭军，狄剑时，师秋丽，姚长樱．肝癌多药耐药细胞株的建立及其多药耐药机理的研究．肿瘤防治研究，1997，24(5)：263-265
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2 Lorico A, Nesland J, Emilsen E, Fodstad O, Rappa G Role of the multidrug resistance protein 1 gene in the carcinogenicity of aflatoxinB1:investigations using mrpl-null mice.Toxicology. 2002,28; 171 (2-3):201-205
3 Nies AT, Konig J, Pfarmschmidt M, Klar E, Hofmann W-J, Keppler D. Expression of multidrug resistance proteins MRP2 and MRP3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.hat J Cancer.2001, 15;94(4):492-499
4 Gurwitsch A.G, Grabje S, Salkind S. Die Natur des spezifischen Erregers der Zellteilung. Arch. Entw. Mech. 100 1923, 11-40
5 Hollaender A, Klaus W, An experimental study of the problem of mitogenetic radiation. Bull. Nat. Res. Council 100 1937, 3-96
6 Konev S.V, Lyskova T.I, Nisenbaum G.D, Very weak bioluminescence of cells in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum and its biological role. Biophysics 11 1966, 410-413
7 Popov G.A, Tarusov B.N, Nature of spontaneous luminescence of animal tissues. Biophysics 8 1963, 372
8 Zhuravlev A.I, Tsvylev O.P, Zubkova S.M, Spontaneous endogeneous ultraweak luminescence of the mitochondria of the rat liver in conditions of normal metabolism. Biophysics 18 1973, 11019 Quickenden T.I, Que-Hee S.S, The spectral distribution of the luminescence emitted during growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its relationship to mitogenetic radiation. Photochem. Photobiol. 23 1976, 201-204
10 Inaba H, Shimizu Y, Tsuji Y, Yamagishi A, Photon counting spectral analyzing system of extra-weak chemi and bioluminescence for biochemical applications. Photochem. Photobiol. 30 (1979), 169-175
11 Chang J.J, Fisch J, Popp EA. Biophotons, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston 1998
12 Chwirot W.B, Cilento G, Gurwitsch A.A, Inaba H, Nagl W, Popp EA, Schamhart D.H.J, Multi-author review on biophoton emission. K.H. Li, M. Mei, R. Galle, J. Neurohr, J. Slawinski, R.V. Van Wijk Experientia 44 (1988), 543-600
13 Hideg E, Inaba H, Biophoton emission ultraweak photon emission from dark adapted spinach chloroplasts. Photochem. Photobiol. 53 (1991), 137-142
14 Slawinska D, Slawinski J, Biological chemiluminescence. Photochem. Photobiol. 37 (1983), 709-715
15 Panagopoulos I, Bornman J.F, (?) L.O, Effects of ultraviolet radiation and visible light on growth, fluorescence induction, ultraweak luminescence and peroxidase activity in sugar beet plants. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 8 (1990), 73-87
16 Van Wijk R, Van Aken H, Spontaneous and light-induced photon emission by rat and by hepatoma cells. Cell Biophys.18 (1991), 15-29
17 Scholz W, Staszkiewicz U, Popp F.A, Nagl W, Light-stimulated ultra-weak photon reemission of human amnion cells and wish cells. Cell Biophys. 13 (1988), 55-63
18 Grasso F, Grillo C, Musumeci F, Triglia A, Rodolico G., Cammisuli F, Rinzivillo C, Fragati G, Santuccio A, Rodolic M, Photon emission from normal and tumor human tissues. Experientia 48 (1992), 10-13
19 Nagl W, Popp F.A, A physical (electromagnetic) model of differentiation. Basic considerations. Cytobios 37 (1983), 45-62
20 Birks J.B, Excimers. Rep. Progr. Phys. 38 (1975), 903-974
21 Applegate L.A, Scaletta C, Panizzon R, Niggli H, Frenk E, In vivo induction of pyrimidine dimers in human skin by UVA radiaition: initiation of cell damage and/or intercellular communication?. Int. J. Mol. Med. 3 (1999), 467-472
22 Niggli H.J, Artificial sunlight irradiation induces ultraweak photon emission in human skin fibroblasts. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 18 (1993), 281-285
23 Eller M.S, Yaar M, Gilchrest B.A, DNA damage and melanogenesis. Nature 372 (1994), 413-414
24 Tilbury R.N, Slawinski J, Ezzahir A, Godlewski M, Kwiecinska T, Rajfur Z, Sitko D, Wienzuchowska D, Kochel B, Gu Q, Popp F.A, Lilius E.M, Marnila P, Van Wijk R, Van Aken J.M, Multi-author review on biophoton emission, stress and disease. Experientia 48 (1992), 1029-1102
25 Niggli H.J, UV-induced DNA damage and repair: a powerful light trapping system in dna in order to convert light energy into biochemical signals. In: J.J. Chang, J. Fisch and F.A. Popp, Editors, Biophotons, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1998, 9-86
26 Niggli H.J, The cell nucleus of cultured melanoma cells as a source of ultraweak photon emission. Naturwissenschaften 83 1996, 41-44
27 Cohen.S, Popp.FA, Biophoton emission of human body.Indian Journal Experimental Biology. 2003, 41 (5):440-445
28 Niggli HJ, Tudisco S, Privitera G, Applegate LA, Scordino A, Musumeci F, Laser-ultraviolet-A-induced ultraweak photon emission in mammalian cells.2005,10(2)
29 周禾，杨起简．生物发光与生物超微弱发光．北京农学院学报，1995，10(2)：84—93
30 王维江，韩俊英．生物超弱发光机制及其检测方法研究[J]．广东工业大学学报，2000，17(1)：49-54
31 朱延彬，郭周义，马俊富．生物光子场特性的研究[J]．光电子·激光．1999，10(1)：63-66
32 顾樵．生物系统的超弱光子辐射[J]．量子电学，1994，5(2)：97-108
33 张尔贤．发光分析的理论及应用．中国生化药物杂志，1994，15(2)：148—152
34 程海鹏，薛建华，王君晖．生物中的超微弱发光．生物学通报，1999，34(11)，15-1735 赵晶，白云．自由基相关疾病研究进展．生物学教学，2003，28(4)，6—8
36 孙存普，张建中，段绍瑾．自由基生物学导论．中国科学技术出版社，1999，15—17
37 Valko M, Izakovic M, Mazur M, Rhodes C.J, Telser J. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 266 (2004), 37-56
38 Halliwell B, Gutteddge J.M.C, Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press (1999)
39 顾有方，陈会良，刘德义，商常发．自由基的生理和病理作用．动物医学进展，2005，26(1)：94—97
40 Cui S, Rwichner J S, Mateo R B. Activated murine macrophages induce apoptosis in tumor cells throegh nitric oxidedepdondent or independent mechanisma[J] .Cancer Res, 1994,54:2462-2467
41 郭军，王宝成、师秋丽、狄剑时．肝癌多药耐药细胞株P-gp、MRP、GST-g表达水平的观察．肿瘤研究与临床，1997，9(4)：222-225
42 Nooter K, Sonneveld P. Clinical relevance of p-glycoprotein expression in haematological malignancies. Leuk Res,1994, 18(4):233
43 杨纯正，刘淑仪．肿瘤耐药基因表达的临床意义及其逆转研究．中国肿瘤，2001，10(3)：132-136
44 Weinstein RS, Kuszak JR, Kluskens LF, P-glycoproteins in??pathology: the multidrug resistant gene family in humans. Human pathology, 1990, 21: 34
45 Kazuya E, Yoshihiko M, Yuji I, Multidrug resistance associated protein expression in clinical gastric carcinoma. Cancer, 1996, 77(8): 1681-1687
46 Zwelling LA, Mayes J, Deisseroth K, A restriction fragment length polymorphism for human topoisomerase Ⅱ:possible relationship to drug resistance. Cancer commun, 1990, 2: 357
47 Cole SP, Bhardwaj G, Gerlach JH.Overexpression of a transporter gene in a multidrug-resistant human lung cancer cell line. Science, 1992, 258: 1650
48 Schneider E,Horton JK, Yang CH.Multidrug resistance-associated protein gene overexpression and reduced drug sensitivity of topoisomerase Ⅱ in a human breast carcinoma MCF7 cell line selected for etoposide resistance. Cancer Research, 1994, 54: 152
49 王宝成，郭军，狄剑时，师秋丽，姚长樱．肝癌多药耐药细胞株的建立及其多药耐药机理的研究．肿瘤防治研究，1997，24(5)：263-265
50 Colli L. Further measurement on the biolum inescence of the seedling. Experment,1955, 11/12: 479
51 PoppFA.Biophoton emission.Experientia, 1988, 44(7): 543-544
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