县域内督学责任区模式探究
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摘要
督学责任区,是指政府教育督导部门为了落实督学职责,将所辖区内的中小学校、幼儿园划分为若干督学区域,并对每个区域委派若干名督学;责任区督学通过对区域内学校的不定期的随访检查、督导,促进学校贯彻落实教育法规政策,规范办学行为,全面实施素质教育。
本文以临朐县督学责任区制度建设为案例,综合运用调查研究法、文献法和比较分析法等方法,对比国内外督导制度和督学责任区建设,从督学责任区制度建设的缘起着手,系统研究县域内建立督学责任区的现状、成效以及存在的问题,并提出了县级督学责任区模式建设的具体对策。
教育督导制度肇始于西方欧洲国家。英国1839年首次任命国家督学,全国划分为八大区,每个区包括8-10个分区,每个区由1名督学负责,形成了稳定成熟的中央和地方两级制度并行的全国教育督导网络;美国、法国、日本,也都实行了中央和地方两套系统,而地方又分成不同督学区域的工作模式。督学责任区在中国起步较晚,对县域内督学责任区制度建设进行专门研究,有着非同寻常的理论意义和现实意义。
本文以临朐县为例,就县域内督学责任区的模式建构及成效进行了调研分析:该县自2008年开始推行督学责任区制度,把全县各级各类学校划分为15个督学责任区,聘请51名专兼职督学,督学责任区覆盖全县202处学校。建立了责任区督学月报制度、建档制度、调研制度、信息交流制度等。督学每学期对责任区所有学校至少督导两次,每月提交当月督导工作纪实,并形成督导报告报县人民政府教育督导室备案。督导室对督查情况每月汇总一次,向县政府、教育局和责任区督学进行通报;对督查到重大问题、难点热点问题实行周清月结制度,跟踪督查,确保问题及时解决。
临朐县建设督学责任区的探索和实践,不仅规范了中小学教育教学行为,有效解决了社会反映强烈的中小学生课业负担过重、加班加点损害师生健康、乱办学、乱收费、安全隐患等突出问题,而且为全面推进素质教育、树立良好教育形象提供了有力保障。
临朐县督学责任区存在的问题:
1.督学责任区定位问题尚未完全解决,没有决策权,没有行政权,只有建议权。
2.责任区划分方式不够精确,给督学开展工作带来不便。
3.督学队伍结构不合理,专职督学只有4人,其余为兼职督学,不能保障工作时间;本科学历21人、占41.18%;教育专业的有17人,占总数的33.33%;57.1%的人没有接受过教育评价、教育督导等方面的专业学习和培训。
4.督学活动的密度和质量极不均衡。
针对研究结果,目前县级督学责任区模式建设的具体对策:
1.合理划分督学责任区,全面覆盖全县各级各类学校。按照“乡镇结合、学校统筹、划分地域、相对集中、方便督导”的原则,合理划分县域内各级各类学校,避免条块分割。
2.转变教育管理方式,加强责任区督学队伍建设。以县政府名义选拨一批专家型优秀校长、教研人员及教育管理人员,担任专职督学;从教学研究部门中聘任教学研究人员和教育行政部门业务科室的工作人员为兼职督学;专兼职督学应达到5:5比例。新任督学必须参加教育督导知识和其他相关专业知识培训。
3.完善工作制度,严格落实责任区督学工作要求。明确责任区督学的主要职责,要根据区内学校数量合理安排督导周期,制定具体的学期、学年督导工作计划;明确督学工作方式和要求。
4.强化考核评价办法,确保责任落实到位。建立千分制考核制度,各督学责任区的考核成绩按比例计入督学个人年度考核成绩,并作为表彰责任区督学的主要依据。建立督学与责任区连带通报制度,凡因责任区学校办学行为不规范引发群众投诉被查实或被上级通报的,将该督学与该学校一起通报。
Educational inspection district refers to the fact that the government education supervision department divide all the primary and secondary schools into a number of inspection districts, where inspectors are sent to inspect, superintend and promote the enforcement of educational regulations and policies ,then, full-scale quality education can be totally performed.
This article aims to systematically study the current situation of educational inspection in a county, find out the problems in practice, and presents concrete policies on how to build standard educational inspection districts. To better illustrate it, I will take Linqu County as an example. In this section, I will compare educational inspection district system home and abroad ,giving a clear picture of how educational inspection district system works in origin.
Educational inspection system originated from western countries . In 1839,the U.K. set the position as educational inspectors first, whose job was to inspect, superintend and guide the education in his district. On the whole, the government divided the whole nation into eight zones, each zone contains 8-10 sub-districts . Hence, a stable and mature educational inspection system came into being. The America, France , and Japan adopted the same system as well. In the meanwhile, the duty of an educational inspector is concrete and specific. The educational inspection system arose in China was comparatively late, so it is of great significance to study educational inspection district system in a county both in theory and in practice.
The practice and its effects in Linqu County are as follows: From the year 2008, the educational inspection district system was put into force in this county. Basically , as many as 202 schools in this county are divided into eight districts, and 51 inspectors will perform the inspection in their districts at least twice every month, and then report it to the office. The educational inspection office will gather all the information and inform the government, the education department and the society in the form of a report. when problems arise, inspectors will supervise them till the end and make sure the problems are solved timely and properly.
The educational inspection district system in Linqu county not only regulates the teachers’behavior, and solves some outstanding problems such as excessive burden of elementary and Secondary Students, random collect fees, security risks and so on, but also provides an effective guarantee for promoting an overall quality education as well as establishing a good image of the education.
The problems existing in the educational inspection district system in Linqu county are listed as follows:
1. Inspectors are not given sufficient authorities, they have no management matters or administrative power, all they have is the power to make suggestions.
2. The division of their duty is ambiguous ,which causes great inconvenience for inspections.
3. The structure of inspection staff is not reasonable. There are only four full-time inspectors, the rest are part-time inspectors, who can’t have enough work time. Besides, there are only 21 undergraduates, covering 41.18%, only 17 people major in education, covering 33.33%, 57.1% of the staff haven’t received any education or training in education assessment and inspection.
4. The inspection quality and inspection frequency differ greatly in different schools.
The concrete countermeasures in building the educational inspection district system are as follows:
1. Divide the educational inspection district properly, covering all schools in the county. According to the rules, inspection should cover towns and rural areas, also , for convenience, inspection should be carried out according to their locations, make sure that all schools are properly divided, and avoid strip-division.
2. Transform management methods in education and strengthen the construction of inspection staff. Try to choose excellent principals and management staff as full- time inspectors. On the other hand, employ some teaching and learning research staff as part time inspectors. The percentage should tie .The new school inspectors should receive adequate training.
3. mprove the working system and carry out the requirements in duty districts and the power and the duty of inspectors should be clear. Based on the number of schools, inspectors should arrange the inspections properly, make concrete plans and have definite working methods and requirements.
4. Emphasize the assessment and make sure the duty is fully performed. Set a thousand-point assessment system. Evaluate the school inspectors according to the marks they get in performing their inspection duty, making it the only standard to evaluate school inspectors. Make rules to promulgate school inspectors according to their performance in duty, improper behaviors cause complaints of the masses, and once investigated or promulgated by superior departments, the school inspectors and the school shall be promulgated together.
本文以临朐县督学责任区制度建设为案例,综合运用调查研究法、文献法和比较分析法等方法,对比国内外督导制度和督学责任区建设,从督学责任区制度建设的缘起着手,系统研究县域内建立督学责任区的现状、成效以及存在的问题,并提出了县级督学责任区模式建设的具体对策。
教育督导制度肇始于西方欧洲国家。英国1839年首次任命国家督学,全国划分为八大区,每个区包括8-10个分区,每个区由1名督学负责,形成了稳定成熟的中央和地方两级制度并行的全国教育督导网络;美国、法国、日本,也都实行了中央和地方两套系统,而地方又分成不同督学区域的工作模式。督学责任区在中国起步较晚,对县域内督学责任区制度建设进行专门研究,有着非同寻常的理论意义和现实意义。
本文以临朐县为例,就县域内督学责任区的模式建构及成效进行了调研分析:该县自2008年开始推行督学责任区制度,把全县各级各类学校划分为15个督学责任区,聘请51名专兼职督学,督学责任区覆盖全县202处学校。建立了责任区督学月报制度、建档制度、调研制度、信息交流制度等。督学每学期对责任区所有学校至少督导两次,每月提交当月督导工作纪实,并形成督导报告报县人民政府教育督导室备案。督导室对督查情况每月汇总一次,向县政府、教育局和责任区督学进行通报;对督查到重大问题、难点热点问题实行周清月结制度,跟踪督查,确保问题及时解决。
临朐县建设督学责任区的探索和实践,不仅规范了中小学教育教学行为,有效解决了社会反映强烈的中小学生课业负担过重、加班加点损害师生健康、乱办学、乱收费、安全隐患等突出问题,而且为全面推进素质教育、树立良好教育形象提供了有力保障。
临朐县督学责任区存在的问题:
1.督学责任区定位问题尚未完全解决,没有决策权,没有行政权,只有建议权。
2.责任区划分方式不够精确,给督学开展工作带来不便。
3.督学队伍结构不合理,专职督学只有4人,其余为兼职督学,不能保障工作时间;本科学历21人、占41.18%;教育专业的有17人,占总数的33.33%;57.1%的人没有接受过教育评价、教育督导等方面的专业学习和培训。
4.督学活动的密度和质量极不均衡。
针对研究结果,目前县级督学责任区模式建设的具体对策:
1.合理划分督学责任区,全面覆盖全县各级各类学校。按照“乡镇结合、学校统筹、划分地域、相对集中、方便督导”的原则,合理划分县域内各级各类学校,避免条块分割。
2.转变教育管理方式,加强责任区督学队伍建设。以县政府名义选拨一批专家型优秀校长、教研人员及教育管理人员,担任专职督学;从教学研究部门中聘任教学研究人员和教育行政部门业务科室的工作人员为兼职督学;专兼职督学应达到5:5比例。新任督学必须参加教育督导知识和其他相关专业知识培训。
3.完善工作制度,严格落实责任区督学工作要求。明确责任区督学的主要职责,要根据区内学校数量合理安排督导周期,制定具体的学期、学年督导工作计划;明确督学工作方式和要求。
4.强化考核评价办法,确保责任落实到位。建立千分制考核制度,各督学责任区的考核成绩按比例计入督学个人年度考核成绩,并作为表彰责任区督学的主要依据。建立督学与责任区连带通报制度,凡因责任区学校办学行为不规范引发群众投诉被查实或被上级通报的,将该督学与该学校一起通报。
Educational inspection district refers to the fact that the government education supervision department divide all the primary and secondary schools into a number of inspection districts, where inspectors are sent to inspect, superintend and promote the enforcement of educational regulations and policies ,then, full-scale quality education can be totally performed.
This article aims to systematically study the current situation of educational inspection in a county, find out the problems in practice, and presents concrete policies on how to build standard educational inspection districts. To better illustrate it, I will take Linqu County as an example. In this section, I will compare educational inspection district system home and abroad ,giving a clear picture of how educational inspection district system works in origin.
Educational inspection system originated from western countries . In 1839,the U.K. set the position as educational inspectors first, whose job was to inspect, superintend and guide the education in his district. On the whole, the government divided the whole nation into eight zones, each zone contains 8-10 sub-districts . Hence, a stable and mature educational inspection system came into being. The America, France , and Japan adopted the same system as well. In the meanwhile, the duty of an educational inspector is concrete and specific. The educational inspection system arose in China was comparatively late, so it is of great significance to study educational inspection district system in a county both in theory and in practice.
The practice and its effects in Linqu County are as follows: From the year 2008, the educational inspection district system was put into force in this county. Basically , as many as 202 schools in this county are divided into eight districts, and 51 inspectors will perform the inspection in their districts at least twice every month, and then report it to the office. The educational inspection office will gather all the information and inform the government, the education department and the society in the form of a report. when problems arise, inspectors will supervise them till the end and make sure the problems are solved timely and properly.
The educational inspection district system in Linqu county not only regulates the teachers’behavior, and solves some outstanding problems such as excessive burden of elementary and Secondary Students, random collect fees, security risks and so on, but also provides an effective guarantee for promoting an overall quality education as well as establishing a good image of the education.
The problems existing in the educational inspection district system in Linqu county are listed as follows:
1. Inspectors are not given sufficient authorities, they have no management matters or administrative power, all they have is the power to make suggestions.
2. The division of their duty is ambiguous ,which causes great inconvenience for inspections.
3. The structure of inspection staff is not reasonable. There are only four full-time inspectors, the rest are part-time inspectors, who can’t have enough work time. Besides, there are only 21 undergraduates, covering 41.18%, only 17 people major in education, covering 33.33%, 57.1% of the staff haven’t received any education or training in education assessment and inspection.
4. The inspection quality and inspection frequency differ greatly in different schools.
The concrete countermeasures in building the educational inspection district system are as follows:
1. Divide the educational inspection district properly, covering all schools in the county. According to the rules, inspection should cover towns and rural areas, also , for convenience, inspection should be carried out according to their locations, make sure that all schools are properly divided, and avoid strip-division.
2. Transform management methods in education and strengthen the construction of inspection staff. Try to choose excellent principals and management staff as full- time inspectors. On the other hand, employ some teaching and learning research staff as part time inspectors. The percentage should tie .The new school inspectors should receive adequate training.
3. mprove the working system and carry out the requirements in duty districts and the power and the duty of inspectors should be clear. Based on the number of schools, inspectors should arrange the inspections properly, make concrete plans and have definite working methods and requirements.
4. Emphasize the assessment and make sure the duty is fully performed. Set a thousand-point assessment system. Evaluate the school inspectors according to the marks they get in performing their inspection duty, making it the only standard to evaluate school inspectors. Make rules to promulgate school inspectors according to their performance in duty, improper behaviors cause complaints of the masses, and once investigated or promulgated by superior departments, the school inspectors and the school shall be promulgated together.
引文
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