大气臭氧浓度变化规律及相关影响因素研究
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摘要
近年来，我国经济的高速发展造成了严重的大气污染，许多城市受到光化学污染的威胁，高浓度臭氧(O_3)经常被观测到。因此，对近地面大气O_3浓度的时间变化规律，及其影响因素进行研究对大气污染防治具有十分重要的指导意义。
本文利用2003-04～2006-04在济南市、泰山顶和烟台开发区三个观测点对近地面O_3及NO、NO_2、CO等前体物浓度，太阳辐射、气温等同步气象条件的观测数据，分析了O_3浓度的时间变化规律及其与相关前体物浓度、气象条件的相关关系。主要研究结果如下：
(1) 利用近三年济南市区近地面大气O_3浓度的观测数据，分析了O_3浓度的分布特征及时间变化规律。结果表明，济南市区O_3浓度以一年为周期呈明显的波动变化，光化学污染比较严重；一日当中O_3浓度呈明显的单峰型变化，一般在午后达到最高值，日出时分出现最低值；春季和夏季O_3浓度高于秋季和冬季，而夏季和秋季O_3浓度的平均日内变化幅度明显高于春季和冬季；受人类活动规律的影响，周末O_3浓度的日内变化规律与平日有所不同。
(2) 研究了济南市区夏季高浓度O_3的分布特征及时间变化规律，分析了O_3与NO、NO_2和CO等前体物及太阳辐射和气温等气象条件的相关性。结果表明，济南市区夏季O_3污染比较严重，观测期间各污染物浓度均相对较高，昼间O_3浓度与各前体物呈较好的负相关关系，与太阳辐射具有非常明显的相关性，而与气温的相关性不明显。根据分析结果，利用回归分析方法，建立了昼间O_3浓度与前体物、气象因子之间的相关模式，结果表明，O_3浓度的计算值与观测值符合性较好。
(3) 研究了济南市区冬季采暖期O_3浓度的分布特征及时间变化规律，分析了O_3与NO、NO_2等前体物及太阳辐射等气象条件的相关性。结果表明，济南市区采暖期内O_3浓度较低，但NO_x浓度相对较高。太阳辐射是昼间O_3浓度变化的非常重要的影响因素，尤其是在上午。O_3浓度与NO_2／NO具有很好的相关性，说明局地光化学作用是影响济南市区采暖期O_3浓度变化的重要因素。利用回归分析方法，建立了线性相关模式，结果表明，O_3浓度的计算值与观测值
In recent years, the rapid economic development in China has brought drastic atmosphere pollution incidents. Major cities are faced with photochemical threat, and high ozone concentrations are reported frequently. This has been attributed primarily to the increase of anthropogenic ozone precursors. Therefore, it is very important to study surface ozone levels along with their related meteorological factors and ozone production precursors, as well as their interrelationships.
In this study, we present measurements of ozone, its precursors (NO, NO2, and CO) and meteorological conditions (solar radiation and temperature) obtained in three observational sites (Jinan, Mt. Tai, and Yantai) from April 2003 to April 2006, and analyzed the temporal characteristics of ozone concentrations and the relationship between ozone tendency and variations of ozone precursor concentrations and meteorological factors. These measurements will not only be help to study the urban air quality but will also be useful in studying the changes in the chemical composition of the regional atmosphere and adopting efficient pollution control measures. The key findings in this study were summarized as follows:
(1) Based on the observational data of near surface ozone in the urban area of Jinan during the latest three years, ozone concentrations and their temporal variation characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that ozone concentrations varied fluctuate with a cycle of one year, and the photochemical pollution in Jinan was serious. Diurnal variations of ozone concentrations exhibit a single peak characteristic, with the maximum in the afternoon and minimum in the early morning before sunrise. Ozone concentrations in spring and summer were higher than autumn and winter, while the varying scopes of ozone concentrations in summer and autumn were broader than spring and winter. Variations of ozone concentrations in weekend days and weekdays displayed some distinctions, which was caused by the temporal regulation of human activities.
本文利用2003-04～2006-04在济南市、泰山顶和烟台开发区三个观测点对近地面O_3及NO、NO_2、CO等前体物浓度，太阳辐射、气温等同步气象条件的观测数据，分析了O_3浓度的时间变化规律及其与相关前体物浓度、气象条件的相关关系。主要研究结果如下：
(1) 利用近三年济南市区近地面大气O_3浓度的观测数据，分析了O_3浓度的分布特征及时间变化规律。结果表明，济南市区O_3浓度以一年为周期呈明显的波动变化，光化学污染比较严重；一日当中O_3浓度呈明显的单峰型变化，一般在午后达到最高值，日出时分出现最低值；春季和夏季O_3浓度高于秋季和冬季，而夏季和秋季O_3浓度的平均日内变化幅度明显高于春季和冬季；受人类活动规律的影响，周末O_3浓度的日内变化规律与平日有所不同。
(2) 研究了济南市区夏季高浓度O_3的分布特征及时间变化规律，分析了O_3与NO、NO_2和CO等前体物及太阳辐射和气温等气象条件的相关性。结果表明，济南市区夏季O_3污染比较严重，观测期间各污染物浓度均相对较高，昼间O_3浓度与各前体物呈较好的负相关关系，与太阳辐射具有非常明显的相关性，而与气温的相关性不明显。根据分析结果，利用回归分析方法，建立了昼间O_3浓度与前体物、气象因子之间的相关模式，结果表明，O_3浓度的计算值与观测值符合性较好。
(3) 研究了济南市区冬季采暖期O_3浓度的分布特征及时间变化规律，分析了O_3与NO、NO_2等前体物及太阳辐射等气象条件的相关性。结果表明，济南市区采暖期内O_3浓度较低，但NO_x浓度相对较高。太阳辐射是昼间O_3浓度变化的非常重要的影响因素，尤其是在上午。O_3浓度与NO_2／NO具有很好的相关性，说明局地光化学作用是影响济南市区采暖期O_3浓度变化的重要因素。利用回归分析方法，建立了线性相关模式，结果表明，O_3浓度的计算值与观测值
In recent years, the rapid economic development in China has brought drastic atmosphere pollution incidents. Major cities are faced with photochemical threat, and high ozone concentrations are reported frequently. This has been attributed primarily to the increase of anthropogenic ozone precursors. Therefore, it is very important to study surface ozone levels along with their related meteorological factors and ozone production precursors, as well as their interrelationships.
In this study, we present measurements of ozone, its precursors (NO, NO2, and CO) and meteorological conditions (solar radiation and temperature) obtained in three observational sites (Jinan, Mt. Tai, and Yantai) from April 2003 to April 2006, and analyzed the temporal characteristics of ozone concentrations and the relationship between ozone tendency and variations of ozone precursor concentrations and meteorological factors. These measurements will not only be help to study the urban air quality but will also be useful in studying the changes in the chemical composition of the regional atmosphere and adopting efficient pollution control measures. The key findings in this study were summarized as follows:
(1) Based on the observational data of near surface ozone in the urban area of Jinan during the latest three years, ozone concentrations and their temporal variation characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that ozone concentrations varied fluctuate with a cycle of one year, and the photochemical pollution in Jinan was serious. Diurnal variations of ozone concentrations exhibit a single peak characteristic, with the maximum in the afternoon and minimum in the early morning before sunrise. Ozone concentrations in spring and summer were higher than autumn and winter, while the varying scopes of ozone concentrations in summer and autumn were broader than spring and winter. Variations of ozone concentrations in weekend days and weekdays displayed some distinctions, which was caused by the temporal regulation of human activities.
引文
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