合成月壤与足垫相互作用模型试验研究
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摘要
随着人类对地球以外空间探测技术研究的逐步深入,对着陆器的设计要求越来越高,一台具有高安全性、多功能的着陆器是必不可少的。由于着陆器着陆过程中存在巨大的冲击作用,为保证内部精密仪器不受损坏,着陆器要能安全的实现软着陆,足垫与月壤相互作用的动力过程分析尤为重要。着陆器着陆过程中四只足垫与月壤的相互作用过程非常复杂,其中的基本问题是单只足垫与月壤间的冲击相互作用和滑移相互作用。本文将问题分解为垂直冲击和水平滑动两个方向的运动。根据着陆器着陆过程中的运动特性,独立研发了垂直冲击模型试验装置和水平拖曳试验装置。首先对月壤和常用模拟月壤的物理力学性质进行了总结归纳,通过室内试验研究了本文所用合成月壤的基本物理力学性质,并与月壤进行了比较,对合成月壤进行了评价。然后利用上述两套装置,在合成月壤中进行了大量的垂直冲击和水平拖曳试验,最终对着陆器的设计提出了具有参考意义的结论。本文的具体内容如下：
1、介绍了探月工程的研究背景,综述了国内外航天计划的发展历程以及着陆器及缓冲腿设计的研究现状。
2、查阅了国内外文献,对目前各国航天计划中带回地球的月壤以及在各类航天研究中所使用模拟月壤的物理力学特性进行了总结归纳。
3、通过一系列的室内试验,得出了本研究中所使用合成月壤的一系列基本物理力学性质,并将试验所得结果与月壤进行了比较,作出评价。为模型试验的研究提供了基本参数。
4、独立研制了垂直冲击模型试验装置,详细介绍了试验装置的各项组成以及能实现的功能。利用该套装置进行了不同密实度合成月壤、不同冲击速度以及不同冲击质量下的大量垂直冲击试验。研究了合成月壤相对密实度、冲击速度以及冲击质量对足垫运动性状的影响。
5、独立研制了水平拖曳模型试验装置,详细介绍了试验装置的各项组成以及能实现的功能。利用该套装置进行了不同密实度合成月壤、不同刺入深度以及不同拖曳速率下的大量水平拖曳试验。研究了合成月壤相对密实度、拖曳速率以及刺入深度对足垫运动性状的影响。
As the study of outer space exploration develops, a lunar lander with high safety and multifunction is necessary. The interaction between footpad and soil is of great importance due to the strong impact produced during the brief period of the space lander touchdown which will affect the normal operation of the inner precision instrument. Based on the study of the landing process, the problem can be decomposed into two phases, vertical impact and horizontal sliding. Based on the dynamic characteristics in these two landing phases, vertical impact model test equipment and horizontal dragging model test equipment are both designed. At first, the physical and mechanical properties of the stimulant lunar soil are studied through laboratory tests. Using these two equipments, lots of vertical impact and horizontal dragging model tests are conducted. At last, several meaningful conclusions for lunar lander design are given. The main contents are as follows in this thesis:
1、Spaceflight plan and lander design development at home and abroad are summarized based on the lunar exploration background.
2、Physical and mechanical properties of the compound lunar soil are studied through laboratory tests, providing basic parameters for model tests.
3、Documents and papers are consulted to conclude the physical and mechanical properties of lunar soil brought from the moon and compound lunar soil used in space programme study.
4、Based on the expectation of the test results, vertical impact and horizontal dragging model test equipments are designed. The structure, testing system and control systems are introduced in detail. The equipment functions are also given.
5、Using the self-designed test equipments, lots of vertical impact tests with different impact velocity and different impact mass and horizontal dragging tests with different dragging velocity and different penetration depth in different soil density are conducted. In the end, the test results are analyzed and effective suggestions for lander design are proposed.
1、介绍了探月工程的研究背景,综述了国内外航天计划的发展历程以及着陆器及缓冲腿设计的研究现状。
2、查阅了国内外文献,对目前各国航天计划中带回地球的月壤以及在各类航天研究中所使用模拟月壤的物理力学特性进行了总结归纳。
3、通过一系列的室内试验,得出了本研究中所使用合成月壤的一系列基本物理力学性质,并将试验所得结果与月壤进行了比较,作出评价。为模型试验的研究提供了基本参数。
4、独立研制了垂直冲击模型试验装置,详细介绍了试验装置的各项组成以及能实现的功能。利用该套装置进行了不同密实度合成月壤、不同冲击速度以及不同冲击质量下的大量垂直冲击试验。研究了合成月壤相对密实度、冲击速度以及冲击质量对足垫运动性状的影响。
5、独立研制了水平拖曳模型试验装置,详细介绍了试验装置的各项组成以及能实现的功能。利用该套装置进行了不同密实度合成月壤、不同刺入深度以及不同拖曳速率下的大量水平拖曳试验。研究了合成月壤相对密实度、拖曳速率以及刺入深度对足垫运动性状的影响。
As the study of outer space exploration develops, a lunar lander with high safety and multifunction is necessary. The interaction between footpad and soil is of great importance due to the strong impact produced during the brief period of the space lander touchdown which will affect the normal operation of the inner precision instrument. Based on the study of the landing process, the problem can be decomposed into two phases, vertical impact and horizontal sliding. Based on the dynamic characteristics in these two landing phases, vertical impact model test equipment and horizontal dragging model test equipment are both designed. At first, the physical and mechanical properties of the stimulant lunar soil are studied through laboratory tests. Using these two equipments, lots of vertical impact and horizontal dragging model tests are conducted. At last, several meaningful conclusions for lunar lander design are given. The main contents are as follows in this thesis:
1、Spaceflight plan and lander design development at home and abroad are summarized based on the lunar exploration background.
2、Physical and mechanical properties of the compound lunar soil are studied through laboratory tests, providing basic parameters for model tests.
3、Documents and papers are consulted to conclude the physical and mechanical properties of lunar soil brought from the moon and compound lunar soil used in space programme study.
4、Based on the expectation of the test results, vertical impact and horizontal dragging model test equipments are designed. The structure, testing system and control systems are introduced in detail. The equipment functions are also given.
5、Using the self-designed test equipments, lots of vertical impact tests with different impact velocity and different impact mass and horizontal dragging tests with different dragging velocity and different penetration depth in different soil density are conducted. In the end, the test results are analyzed and effective suggestions for lander design are proposed.
引文
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