电控液驱混合动力车辆关键技术研究
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摘要
汽车是能源消耗和污染物排放的主要成员之一,交通与社会经济可持续发展,已成为全球关注的焦点问题。因此,汽车节能已成为全球的热点问题,国内外都在研究开发使用新型动力传动系统和新能源汽车来提高车辆经济性,降低能源消耗,减少大气污染,保护生态环境。节约能源不仅是国民经济的重大课题,也是现代科学技术面临的严重挑战,节约能源从广义上讲包括能量的回收再利用。汽车作为能源消耗大户,探讨和研究汽车运行中的能量消耗和回收再利用技术,体现了科学利用能源的思想。
电控液驱混合动力车辆采用二次调节技术,动力源可独立工作于经济区,由于动力源系统中储能元件的加入,可回收和再利用车辆制动能。本文以电控液驱混合车辆动力源为研究对象,应用理论分析、仿真技术和实验等手段对其进行较系统和深入地研究。
在分析动力源工作特点的基础上,对储能元件液压蓄能器的特性进行研究；建立液压泵的效率模型,运用系统辨识和参数估计的方法,获得液压泵效率理论计算的拟合多项式；用系统的观点,提出以动力源总效率做为动力源系统性能的评价指标之一。
通过对动力源系统元件之间的匹配分析和研究,运用理论计算和仿真分析,确立相关元件工作参数的选择原则；定义蓄能器充液状态概念,提出利用全局最优化能量管理策略和瞬时等效燃油消耗最小策略,以蓄能器充液状态变化为准则,对动力源工作性能进行分析,并以燃油经济性最优为目标进行动力源基本工作参数匹配优化。
在综合考虑发动机和液压泵特性的条件下,讨论动力源系统的调节特性对车辆经济性和动力性的影响,提出在保证车辆动力性的基础上,如何实现车辆的最佳经济性的方法和途径。
通过车辆运行的几种典型工作模式的分析,针对发动机、液压泵的不同特点和工作要求,提出采用模糊控制技术和模糊自适应控制策略设计控制器来对动力源控制进行仿真和实验研究。
为了能够开展对电控液驱混合动力车辆动态性能及动力源性能及其控制规律的研究,研制“电控液驱混合动力车辆原理样车”；完成样车动力源的方案设计、机电液等部件的计算与选型和样车的调试。
结合实验室的试验平台和自行设计开发的控制器,对电控液驱混合动力车辆的动力源进行模拟实时控制研究。通过模拟试验,一方面验证系统仿真模型与控制策略的正确性；另一方面探索动力源系统的控制规律,为电控液驱混合动力车辆的工程化提供动力源设计与控制的理论基础。
Vehicles is a main member of the energy consumption and emissions, sustainable development of transportation and society and economy has become a global concern. Therefore, saving energy has become a global hot issues for all classes of vehicles, in the national and international both is researched and developed the new powertrain to improve the fuel economy and power performance of vehicles, to reduce energy consumption and air pollution, protect the environment. Saving energy is not only a major issue of national economy, also modern science and technology faced the serious challenges. Saving energy broadly include recycling and reuse. Exploring and studying in the energy recycling and reuse technology of vehicles operation reflects scientific thinking of use energy.
In this paper, the study is a power source for a new type of the hydraulic drive vehicle with electronic control, make use of theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment to carry out by means of a systematic and deeply research. The new vehicle with electronic control and hydrostatic drive with secondary adjusting technology, the power source can operate independently in the economic zone, as the energy storage element to join, recyclable and reused braking energy.
Based on the analysis of the operation characteristics of power sources, the hydraulic accumulator for energy storage element characteristics were studied and has established the model of the pump efficiency, the use of system identification and parameter estimation methods, is set up the polynomial fitting equation of a theoretical calculation pump efficiency, and the total efficiency of the power source system is put up to as performance evaluation.
Through the matching has been analyzed and researched between system components of the power source, the use of theoretical calculations and simulation analysis to establish the selection principle of the relevant components of the key technical parameters, and emissions and the best fuel economy is a targets for the basic parameters for the matching optimization. The state of charge (SOC) of the accumulator is defined, and on this basis the performance of the power source is analyzed in use of global optimization of energy management strategy and instantaneous equivalent onsumption minimization strategy.
By analyzing typical operation mode for vehicle, aim the different characteristics and requirements of the engine and hydraulic pump, the paper introduces the fuzzy control and fuzzy adaptive control strategy to design controller to simulation and its experimental study. In considering conditions of the characteristics of the engine and pump, discussed the regulation characteristics of the power source system how to affect the power performance and economy of vehicle, and based on to ensure the power performance of vehicle, how to achieve the best economy of the vehicle ways and means.
In order to study dynamic performance and its control law of a new electronic control hydraulic drive vehicle and power source, developed "a prototype." Completed power source design, calculation and selection of the mechanical-electric-hydraulic and other components and prototype testing.
Combination of control instruments and self-developed controller, the power source is simulated and real-time control. Verified by simulation on the one hand the system simulation model and the correctness of the control strategy; the other hand, explores the power source system control law and for the engineering design of the new electronic control hydraulic drive vehicle provides a method of power source and the theoretical basis for the control.
电控液驱混合动力车辆采用二次调节技术,动力源可独立工作于经济区,由于动力源系统中储能元件的加入,可回收和再利用车辆制动能。本文以电控液驱混合车辆动力源为研究对象,应用理论分析、仿真技术和实验等手段对其进行较系统和深入地研究。
在分析动力源工作特点的基础上,对储能元件液压蓄能器的特性进行研究；建立液压泵的效率模型,运用系统辨识和参数估计的方法,获得液压泵效率理论计算的拟合多项式；用系统的观点,提出以动力源总效率做为动力源系统性能的评价指标之一。
通过对动力源系统元件之间的匹配分析和研究,运用理论计算和仿真分析,确立相关元件工作参数的选择原则；定义蓄能器充液状态概念,提出利用全局最优化能量管理策略和瞬时等效燃油消耗最小策略,以蓄能器充液状态变化为准则,对动力源工作性能进行分析,并以燃油经济性最优为目标进行动力源基本工作参数匹配优化。
在综合考虑发动机和液压泵特性的条件下,讨论动力源系统的调节特性对车辆经济性和动力性的影响,提出在保证车辆动力性的基础上,如何实现车辆的最佳经济性的方法和途径。
通过车辆运行的几种典型工作模式的分析,针对发动机、液压泵的不同特点和工作要求,提出采用模糊控制技术和模糊自适应控制策略设计控制器来对动力源控制进行仿真和实验研究。
为了能够开展对电控液驱混合动力车辆动态性能及动力源性能及其控制规律的研究,研制“电控液驱混合动力车辆原理样车”；完成样车动力源的方案设计、机电液等部件的计算与选型和样车的调试。
结合实验室的试验平台和自行设计开发的控制器,对电控液驱混合动力车辆的动力源进行模拟实时控制研究。通过模拟试验,一方面验证系统仿真模型与控制策略的正确性；另一方面探索动力源系统的控制规律,为电控液驱混合动力车辆的工程化提供动力源设计与控制的理论基础。
Vehicles is a main member of the energy consumption and emissions, sustainable development of transportation and society and economy has become a global concern. Therefore, saving energy has become a global hot issues for all classes of vehicles, in the national and international both is researched and developed the new powertrain to improve the fuel economy and power performance of vehicles, to reduce energy consumption and air pollution, protect the environment. Saving energy is not only a major issue of national economy, also modern science and technology faced the serious challenges. Saving energy broadly include recycling and reuse. Exploring and studying in the energy recycling and reuse technology of vehicles operation reflects scientific thinking of use energy.
In this paper, the study is a power source for a new type of the hydraulic drive vehicle with electronic control, make use of theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment to carry out by means of a systematic and deeply research. The new vehicle with electronic control and hydrostatic drive with secondary adjusting technology, the power source can operate independently in the economic zone, as the energy storage element to join, recyclable and reused braking energy.
Based on the analysis of the operation characteristics of power sources, the hydraulic accumulator for energy storage element characteristics were studied and has established the model of the pump efficiency, the use of system identification and parameter estimation methods, is set up the polynomial fitting equation of a theoretical calculation pump efficiency, and the total efficiency of the power source system is put up to as performance evaluation.
Through the matching has been analyzed and researched between system components of the power source, the use of theoretical calculations and simulation analysis to establish the selection principle of the relevant components of the key technical parameters, and emissions and the best fuel economy is a targets for the basic parameters for the matching optimization. The state of charge (SOC) of the accumulator is defined, and on this basis the performance of the power source is analyzed in use of global optimization of energy management strategy and instantaneous equivalent onsumption minimization strategy.
By analyzing typical operation mode for vehicle, aim the different characteristics and requirements of the engine and hydraulic pump, the paper introduces the fuzzy control and fuzzy adaptive control strategy to design controller to simulation and its experimental study. In considering conditions of the characteristics of the engine and pump, discussed the regulation characteristics of the power source system how to affect the power performance and economy of vehicle, and based on to ensure the power performance of vehicle, how to achieve the best economy of the vehicle ways and means.
In order to study dynamic performance and its control law of a new electronic control hydraulic drive vehicle and power source, developed "a prototype." Completed power source design, calculation and selection of the mechanical-electric-hydraulic and other components and prototype testing.
Combination of control instruments and self-developed controller, the power source is simulated and real-time control. Verified by simulation on the one hand the system simulation model and the correctness of the control strategy; the other hand, explores the power source system control law and for the engineering design of the new electronic control hydraulic drive vehicle provides a method of power source and the theoretical basis for the control.
引文
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