以9311为遗传背景的水稻光温敏核不育系的选育
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摘要
水稻是我国主要的粮食作物,全国至少有60%的人口以稻米为主食。中国在水稻育种方面一直处在世界的领先地位,但是随着人口的增加,气候的逐年恶化,中国现在在水稻育种方面有着巨大的压力。两系杂交水稻的培育成功,是我国农业科学研究领域中的一项世界领先的成就,它的推广应用对我国乃至世界粮食问题的解决都产生了极为深远的影响。
本研究以水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S为光温敏核不育的基因供体,与9311杂交和回交,在后代中通过农艺性状和花粉观察,选择农艺性状接近9311的不育株,再通过自交和加代,育成了农艺性状和不育性基本稳定的不育系7个,分别命名为华553S、华554S、华557S、华559S、华573S-1、华574S-3和华575S；在武汉自然条件下观察各个不育系的基本生育特性、育性表现、开花习性和农艺性状以及育性光温反应特性。另外,将这7个不育系分别与华中农业大学新育成的两组恢复系按不完全双列杂交配制杂交组合,分别于2009年和2010年在武汉进行种植,考察F1的主要农艺性状,进行配合力分析。本研究的结果主要有：
1通过2008年和2009年进行分期播种考察7个不育系的生育特性和主要农艺性状,结果表明生育期最长的不育系是华559S,最短的是华553S；株高最高的是华575S,最矮的是华553S；着粒密度最大的是华554S,最小的是华559S。
2.通过2008年和2009年进行分期播种考察7个不育系的育性表现,结果表明7个不育系中华553S和华557S的育性表现最好,其他5个不育系育性表现并不稳定。7个不育系均表现为对温度较为敏感。
3.对各不育系的育性转换特性的研究表明,不同的光温敏核不育系对温度和光照的敏感期不完全相同。7个不育系的育性转换敏感期基本上均在抽穗前的18天左右,华557S和华574S-3表现最为明显,华573S-1则表现为抽穗前的16-24天。
4.7个不育系的花时分布均比较集中,午前开花率均超过了60%；华554S的柱头外露率最高为63.46%,包颈率表现最低的也是华554S为7.82%；颖间距最大的是华573S-1为4.5mm；张颖角度最大的不育系是华553S为31.8°；张颖时间最长的是华554S。
5.本研究中配合力分析的结果表明,各不育系大多数性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差达到显著或极显著水平,在考察的农艺性状上基因加性作用效应大于基因的非加性作用效应。亲本各性状一般配合力和组合的特殊配合力之间没有明显的相关性。
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop in the world and consumed by more than 60% people of China as their main food. Although China's paddy rice breeding is in the world leading position, there is a huge pressure because of the growth of population and climate changement. Extensive spread of two-line hybrid rice was an outstanding contribution and had a positive effect on food safety of China even all over the world.
9311 and photo-thermal sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line Peiai64S were used as recipient, and donor respectively, to develop 7 novel two-line sterile lines, including Hua553S, Hua554S, Hua557S, Hua559S, Hua573S-1, Hua574S-3 and Hua575S in this study. These developed sterile lines owned similar main agronomic traits with 9311 and novel sterile flowering habit The characteristics of fertility alternation were also identified. Those PTGMS lines were used as female parents for crossing two set male parents by NCⅡdesign, their F1 hybrids were investigated and analyzed for yield and main agronomic traits in 2009 and 2010 at Wuhan.
The main results are as follows:
1. Seven male sterile lines were investigated for their developmental characters and the main agronomic traits in 2008 and 2009 under field natural conditions at Wuhan. The growth period of Hua559S and Hua553S was the longest, shortest respectively;plant height of Hua575S and Hua553S was the highes, shortest respectively; grain density of Hua554S and Hua559S was highest, lowest respectively.
2. Seven male sterile lines were investigated for their fertility performance in2008 and 2009 under field natural conditions at Wuhan.The best stability of fertility performance were Hua553S and Hua557S,the other five male sterile lines were instability. All the seven male sterile lines were sensitive to temperature.
3. The developmental stages about sensitive to temperature and photoperiod were different among seven male sterile lines. But The developmental stages about sensitive to temperature and photoperiod among seven male sterile lines were 18 days or so.Hua557S and Hua574S-3 were the most obvious.That of Hua573S-1 was 16-24 days.
4. The flowering time of 7 lines are centralized,60% of sterile lines flowed before midday; Hua554S showed the highest stigma exsertion rate,63.46% and the lowest rate of bract panicle,7.82%; Hua573S-1 showed the largest distance of opened glume tips of 4.5 mm; Hua553S showed the largest spikelet opening angle 31.80; Hua554S had the longest spikelet opening time.
5. General combining ability and special combining ability of most traits showed significant difference for tested sterile lines. The additive effect predominates to non-additive effect on most of the traits. There is no significant correlation between general combining ability of parents and special combining ability of hybrids.
本研究以水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S为光温敏核不育的基因供体,与9311杂交和回交,在后代中通过农艺性状和花粉观察,选择农艺性状接近9311的不育株,再通过自交和加代,育成了农艺性状和不育性基本稳定的不育系7个,分别命名为华553S、华554S、华557S、华559S、华573S-1、华574S-3和华575S；在武汉自然条件下观察各个不育系的基本生育特性、育性表现、开花习性和农艺性状以及育性光温反应特性。另外,将这7个不育系分别与华中农业大学新育成的两组恢复系按不完全双列杂交配制杂交组合,分别于2009年和2010年在武汉进行种植,考察F1的主要农艺性状,进行配合力分析。本研究的结果主要有：
1通过2008年和2009年进行分期播种考察7个不育系的生育特性和主要农艺性状,结果表明生育期最长的不育系是华559S,最短的是华553S；株高最高的是华575S,最矮的是华553S；着粒密度最大的是华554S,最小的是华559S。
2.通过2008年和2009年进行分期播种考察7个不育系的育性表现,结果表明7个不育系中华553S和华557S的育性表现最好,其他5个不育系育性表现并不稳定。7个不育系均表现为对温度较为敏感。
3.对各不育系的育性转换特性的研究表明,不同的光温敏核不育系对温度和光照的敏感期不完全相同。7个不育系的育性转换敏感期基本上均在抽穗前的18天左右,华557S和华574S-3表现最为明显,华573S-1则表现为抽穗前的16-24天。
4.7个不育系的花时分布均比较集中,午前开花率均超过了60%；华554S的柱头外露率最高为63.46%,包颈率表现最低的也是华554S为7.82%；颖间距最大的是华573S-1为4.5mm；张颖角度最大的不育系是华553S为31.8°；张颖时间最长的是华554S。
5.本研究中配合力分析的结果表明,各不育系大多数性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差达到显著或极显著水平,在考察的农艺性状上基因加性作用效应大于基因的非加性作用效应。亲本各性状一般配合力和组合的特殊配合力之间没有明显的相关性。
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop in the world and consumed by more than 60% people of China as their main food. Although China's paddy rice breeding is in the world leading position, there is a huge pressure because of the growth of population and climate changement. Extensive spread of two-line hybrid rice was an outstanding contribution and had a positive effect on food safety of China even all over the world.
9311 and photo-thermal sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line Peiai64S were used as recipient, and donor respectively, to develop 7 novel two-line sterile lines, including Hua553S, Hua554S, Hua557S, Hua559S, Hua573S-1, Hua574S-3 and Hua575S in this study. These developed sterile lines owned similar main agronomic traits with 9311 and novel sterile flowering habit The characteristics of fertility alternation were also identified. Those PTGMS lines were used as female parents for crossing two set male parents by NCⅡdesign, their F1 hybrids were investigated and analyzed for yield and main agronomic traits in 2009 and 2010 at Wuhan.
The main results are as follows:
1. Seven male sterile lines were investigated for their developmental characters and the main agronomic traits in 2008 and 2009 under field natural conditions at Wuhan. The growth period of Hua559S and Hua553S was the longest, shortest respectively;plant height of Hua575S and Hua553S was the highes, shortest respectively; grain density of Hua554S and Hua559S was highest, lowest respectively.
2. Seven male sterile lines were investigated for their fertility performance in2008 and 2009 under field natural conditions at Wuhan.The best stability of fertility performance were Hua553S and Hua557S,the other five male sterile lines were instability. All the seven male sterile lines were sensitive to temperature.
3. The developmental stages about sensitive to temperature and photoperiod were different among seven male sterile lines. But The developmental stages about sensitive to temperature and photoperiod among seven male sterile lines were 18 days or so.Hua557S and Hua574S-3 were the most obvious.That of Hua573S-1 was 16-24 days.
4. The flowering time of 7 lines are centralized,60% of sterile lines flowed before midday; Hua554S showed the highest stigma exsertion rate,63.46% and the lowest rate of bract panicle,7.82%; Hua573S-1 showed the largest distance of opened glume tips of 4.5 mm; Hua553S showed the largest spikelet opening angle 31.80; Hua554S had the longest spikelet opening time.
5. General combining ability and special combining ability of most traits showed significant difference for tested sterile lines. The additive effect predominates to non-additive effect on most of the traits. There is no significant correlation between general combining ability of parents and special combining ability of hybrids.
引文
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